EAI Endorsed Transactions on Industrial Networks and Intelligent Systems

EAI Endorsed Transactions on Industrial Networks and Intelligent Systems is an open access, peer-reviewed scholarly journal focused on ubiquitous computing, cloud computing, and cyber-physical system, all kinds of networks in large-scale factories, including a lot of traditional and new industries. The journal, which is jointly sponsored and co-organized by Duy Tan University (Vietnam), publishes research articles, review articles, commentaries, editorials, technical articles, and short communications with a quarterly frequency. Authors are not charged for article submission and processing.

Editor(s)-in-Chief: Trung Q. Duong and Le Nguyen Bao

Aims & Scope
Indexing
Editors in Chief
Editorial Board

Along with the fast development of computer technologies, e.g., ubiquitous computing, cloud computing and cyber-physical system, all kinds of networks (e.g., control network, communication network, sensor network, body area network, social network, opportunistic network, cloud-based network, etc.) appeared and were applied in large-scale factories, including a lot of traditional and new industries, e.g., textile industry, coal industry, mining industry, steel industry, machinery industry, petrochemical industry, and biomedical industry, etc. Assisted by various industrial networks, automation in industry can reduce cost greatly because it takes advantage of control systems and information technologies to optimize productivity in the production of goods and delivery of services. However, the industrial environment is dynamic and harsh usually, including extreme temperature, humidity, electromagnetic interference and vibration, which proposed specific requirements to intelligent industrial systems under certain circumstances. All these highlight the criticality of the design, analysis and implementation of intelligent industrial systems.

Applications of wireless sensor networks, body area networks in large-scale industrial applications, such as fault theories of wireless networks, including routing, network control and management, reliable transmission and architectures, etc.
Applications of social networking, big data, ubiquitous computing, mobile computing, and cloud computing in various industries and services (e.g., intelligent systems enhanced by social networking, cloud-based industrial networks, cloud-assisted intelligent systems, etc.)
Analysis of industrial control and communication networks, including network lifetime, security, network scalability, reliability, stability, etc.
Design and choice of industrial, intelligent, application-specific network protocols and algorithms (e.g., EtherNet/IP, Ethernet Powerlink, EtherCAT, Modbus-TCP, Profinet, SERCOS III, etc.) at any communication layer
Opportunistic networks in the industry, such as underwater sensor networks in sewage treatment systems, including establishing a temporary data transmission structure using available devices (e.g., underwater robot, surface data station, surface sink and under water sink), optimizing horizontal multi-hop data links (e.g., 3D data transmission), etc.
Applications of intelligent systems in various industries, including collaborative systems, quality control, optimization, decision support, planning, high-level control concepts (e.g., multi-agent and holonic systems, service-oriented architectures), low-level control concepts (e.g., IEC 61131-3 and IEC 61499-based control), advanced system engineering concepts (e.g., model-driven development, component-based design), supply chains, value chains, virtual organizations, and virtual societies, emergency preparedness, crisis management, business channels, electronic marketplaces, enterprise resources planning, etc.
Design and analysis of real-time embedded industrial systems, including real-time computing, real-time operating systems, real-time communications, networked embedded systems technology, etc.
Novel control techniques, with respect to process control, equipment control, supervisory control, adaptive control, motion control, etc.
Automated manufacturing systems, regarding formal modeling and analysis of manufacturing systems, scheduling of manufacturing systems, queuing systems and petri nets in manufacturing systems, etc.
Computational intelligence in automation, including neural, fuzzy, evolutionary approaches in automation, ant colonies optimization and swarm intelligence in automation, machine learning, expert systems, etc.
Hardware and software design and development for intelligent systems, such as intelligent and humanized production monitoring and control, etc.
Big data analysis and processing in various industries and services, including constructing data analysis models, providing data analysis and processing tools and designing various optimization algorithms based on data analysis.
Crowd-sourced behavior analysis in various industry and services, such as measuring and calculating the diffusion direction and speed of gas in the petrochemical industry based on crowd-sourced data from a large number of and various types of sensors, as well as product and service evaluation.
Simulation and testbed of current industrial networks and intelligent systems, including network performance analysis, automated manufacturing, intelligent monitoring, disaster prevention, etc.
Vision of future smart factories, service, marketing, and their integration, incorporating current existing technologies.
Multimedia applications, content management, process management and knowledge management for various industries, services, and engineering education: including multimedia processing, multimedia retrieval, multimedia indexing, image sensing, image processing, image coding, image recognition, etc.
Pattern recognition methods for various industries and services: including statistical theory, clustering, similarity measures, unsupervised learning, supervised learning, etc.
Survey, review and essay of current industrial networks researches and intelligent systems development.

Ala Al-Fuqaha (Western Michigan University, USA)
Al-Sakib Khan Pathan (Southeast University, Bangladesh)
Ammar Rayes (Cisco Systems, USA)
Antonino Masaracchia (IIT-CNR, Italy)
Athanasios Maglaras (Dr, Prof . ofT.E.I. of Larissa)
Ayse Kortun (Queen's University Belfast, UK)
Berk Canberk (Northeastern University, USA)
Ca V. Phan (Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Vietnam)
Chau Yuen (Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore)
Chengfei Liu (Swinburne University of Technology, Australia)
Chinmoy Kundu (University of Texas at Dallas, USA)
Christer Carlsson (Åbo Akademi University, Finland)
Chunsheng Zhu (University of British Columbia)
Constandinos Mavromoustakis (University of Nicosia, Cyprus)
Der-Jiunn Deng (National Changhua University of Education, Taiwan)
Dickson Chiu (The University of Hong Kong)
Doan Xuan Toan (Thu Dau Mot University, Vietnam)
Eleanna Kafeza (Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece)
Fu-ren Lin (National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan)
Gerhard Hancke (University of London, UK)
Guangjie Han (Hohai University, China)
Guojun Wang (Central South University, China)
Hacene Fouchal (University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France)
Haklae Kim (Samsung Electronics, Co. Ltd, South Korea)
Halil Yetgin (Bitlis Eren University, Turkey)
Hideyasu Sasaki (Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Japan)
Ho-fung Leung (Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong)
Honggang Wang (University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, USA)
Hua Hu (Hangzhou Dianzi University, China)
Huy T. Nguyen (Inje University, South Korea)
Ibrahim Kushchu (Mobile Government Consortium International, UK)
Irene Kafeza (Irene Law Office, Greece)
Isabelle Comyn-Wattiau (ESSEC Business School Paris, France)
Jaime Lloret- Mauri (Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain)
Javier M. Aguiar (Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain)
Jesus Alonso-Zarate (Telecommunications Technology Center of Catalonia, Spain)
Jian Yang (Macquarie University, Australia)
Jiankun Hu (University of New South Wales, Australia)
Jianmin Jiang (Shenzhen University)
Jianwei Niu (Beihang University, China)
Jinlei Jiang (Tsinghua University, China)
Jinsong Wu (Bell Laboratory, China)
Joel Rodrigues (Inst. Telecomunicações, Univ. of Beira Interior, Portugal)
Juan Trujillo (University of Alicante, Spain)
Jucheng Yang (Tianjing University of Technology, China)
Junqing Zhang (Queen's University Belfast)
KUN WANG (Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications)
Kuo-Ming Chao (Leader – Distributed Systems and Modelling Research Group, UK)
Leandros A. Maglaras (De Montfort University, UK)
Lei Wang (Dalian University of Technology, China)
Liang Zhou (Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China)
Liangtian Wan (Electrical and Electrical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore)
Long D. Nguyen (Binh Duong University, Vietnam)
Lu Liu (University of Derby, UK)
Maggie M. Wang (The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong)
Malcolm Egan (INSA Lyon)
Marijn Janssen (Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands)
Mohamamad Shojafar (University Sapienza of Rome, Italy)
Nicholas C Romano (Oklahoma State University, USA)
Noel Crespi (Institut Mines-Telecom, Telecom SudParis, France)
P. Radha Krishna (SET Labs, Infosys Technologies Limited, India)
Panlong Yang (PLA University of Science and Technology, China)
Pasi Tyrväinen (University of Jyväskylä, Finland)
Patrick C.K. Hung (University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada)
Periklis Chatzimisios (Alexander TEI of Thessaloniki, Greece)
Phong Nam Nguyen (Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada)
Pierluigi Siano (Università degli Studi di Salerno, Italy)
Pirkko Walden (Abo Akademi University, Finland)
Raymond Y.K Lau (City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong)
Richard Yu (Carleton University, Canada)
Rong Yu (Guangdong University of Technology, China)
Rose Hu (Utah State University, USA)
Sammy Chan (City University of HongKong, HK)
Sghaier Guizani (Alfaisal University, Saudi Arabia)
Shing-Chi Cheung (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong)
Shui Yu (Deakin University, Australia)
Song Guo (University of Aizu, Japan)
Stephen J. H. Yang (National Central University, Taiwan)
Syed Hassan Ahmed (University of Central Florida, USA)
Tiago Cruz (University of Coimbra)
Tran Trung (PTIT, VietNam)
Trung Q. Duong (Blekinge Institute of Technology, Sweden)
Umar Zakir Abdul Hamid (Sensible 4 Oy, Helsinki)
Victor Leung (The University of British Columbia)
Vo Nguyen Son Dr. (Duy Tan University, Vietnam)
Wai-Wa Fung (Information Security and Forensics Society, Hong Kong)
Walid Gaaloul (Institut National des Télécommunications, France)
Wendy W. Y. Hui (University of Nottingham at Ningbo, China)
William Cheung (Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong)
Xianfu Chen (VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Finland)
Xiang Gui (Massey University, New Zealand)
Xiaoling Wu (Chinese Academy of Sciences, China)
Xu Wang (Heriot Watt University, UK)
Yan Bai (University of Washington Tacoma, USA)
Yan Zhang (Simula Research Laboratory and University of Oslo, Norway)
Yi Zhuang (Zhejian Gongshang University, China)
Yong Li (Tsinghua University, China)
Yong Tang (South China Normal University, China)
Yuanfang Chen (Institute Mines-Telecom, University Pierre and Marie Curie )
Yuexing Peng (Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China)
Yuqing Sun (Shangdong University, China)
Zakaria Maamar (Zayed University, UAE)
Zhangbing Zhou (China University of Geosciences, China)
ZhiMing Cai (Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau)
Zhiqiang Huo (GDUPT,UoL)
Mithun Mukherjee (GUDP)
Zichao Sheng (ZTE, China)

Trung Q. Duong¹

Dr. Trung Q. Duong is a Reader at Queen’s University Belfast, U.K. His current research interests include IoT (applied to disaster management, agriculture, hydrometeorological hazards, smart grid) 5G networks (small-cell networks, ultra-dense networks, HetNets, physical layer security, massive MIMO, cell-free massive MIMO, caching, energy-harvesting), and nanoscale, molecular communications networks. He has authored or co-authored over 110 IEEE Journals. He is currently serving as an Editor for IEEE Trans on Wireless Communications, IEEE Trans on Communications, IET Communications and a Lead Senior Editor for IEEE Communications Letters. He has served as the Guest Editor for more than 22 times on ISI-index journals including the IEEE Journal in Selected Areas on Communications 2015, IET Communications 2014, 2016, 2017, IEEE Communications Magazine 2014 and 2015, IEEE Access 2016, 2017, 2018, IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine 2015, EURASIP JWCN, EURASIP JASP. He was an Editor of Electronics Letters, Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, IEEE Communications Letters. He has served as a chair for more than 20 IEEE conferences/workshops including the IEEE GLOBECOM 2016 Symposium Chair. Dr. Duong was awarded the Best Paper Award at the IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Spring) in 2013, the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) 2014, the IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) 2016, IEEE Digital Signal Processing (DSP) 2017. He is a recipient of prestigious Royal Academy of Engineering Research Fellowship from 2016 to 2021 and has won the prestigious Newton Prize 2017.

Le Nguyen Bao²

Dr. Le Nguyen Bao is the Vice Provost and Head of the Technology & Science division as well as the R&D Center of Duy Tan University (DTU), which is widely considered to be the No. 1 private university in Vietnam. He earned his doctorate degree in Computer Science also from DTU, specializing in the field of facial recognition. His research interest is in network security policy, data warehousing, and 3D animation design. He helped initiate the CDIO (Conceive-Design-Implement-Operate) framework for engineering education first time in Central Vietnam back in 2010. His efforts ultimately led to the championship of Vietnamese students at the CDIO Academy, organized at Harvard and MIT in 2013. In 2017, he and his team again won the prestigious award for Vietnamese No. 1 Talents in Information Technology (IT) & Entrepreneurship for a 3D human-anatomy simulation. Under his leadership, Duy Tan University is aiming to become the top university for IT in Vietnam.

1: Queen's University Belfast, UK
2: Duy Tan University, Vietnam

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Correlation Analysis of Vital Signs to Monitor Disease Risks in Ubiquitous Healthcare System
Appears in:
inis 18: e1

Authors:
Hassan Murtaza, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal, Qammer H. Abbasi, Sajjad Hussain, Huanlai Xing, Muhammad A. Imran

Published:
27th Jul 2020

Abstract:
Healthcare systems for chronic diseases demand continuous monitoring of physiological parameters or vital signs of the patients’ body. Through these vital signs’ information, healthcare experts attempt to diagnose the behavior of a disease. Identifying the relationship between these vital signs i…Healthcare systems for chronic diseases demand continuous monitoring of physiological parameters or vital
signs of the patients’ body. Through these vital signs’ information, healthcare experts attempt to diagnose
the behavior of a disease. Identifying the relationship between these vital signs is still a big question for the
research community. We have proposed a sophisticated way to identify the affiliations between vital signs
of three specific diseases i.e., Sepsis, Sleep Apnea, and Intradialytic Hypotension (IDH) through Pearson
statistical correlation analysis. Vital signs data of about 32 patients were taken for analysis. Experimental
results show significant affiliations of vital signs of Sepsis and IDH with average correlation coefficient of 0.9
and 0.58, respectively. The stability of the mentioned correlation is about 75% and 90%, respectively.
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Control Algorithms for UAVs: A Comprehensive Survey
Appears in:
inis 20(23): e5

Authors:
Hoa T. Nguyen, Toan V. Quyen, Cuong V. Nguyen, Anh M. Le, Hoa T. Tran, Minh T. Nguyen

Published:
18th May 2020

Abstract:
The development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has become a revolution in the ﬁelds of data collection, surveying, monitoring, and tracking objects in the ﬁeld. Many control and navigation algorithms are experimented and deployed for UAVs, especially quadrotors. Recent numerous approaches are g…The development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has become a revolution in the ﬁelds of data collection, surveying, monitoring, and tracking objects in the ﬁeld. Many control and navigation algorithms are experimented and deployed for UAVs, especially quadrotors. Recent numerous approaches are geared towards reducing the inﬂuence of external disturbances to enhance the performance of UAVs. Nevertheless, designing cutting-edge controllers following the requirements of the applications is still a huge challenge. Based on the operating characteristics and movement principle of a quadrotor, this work reviews potential control algorithms of the current researches in the ﬁeld of the quadrotor ﬂight controller. Besides, a comparison has been made to provide an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of the mentioned methods. At last, the challenges and future directions of the quadrotor ﬂight controller are suggested.
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Spatiotemporal Variability of Air Quality Time Series for developing countries: Case of Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
Appears in:
inis 20(23): e4

Authors:
Hue Nam K. Nguyen, Nam Hung N. Tran, Bac T. Vu, Bang Q. Ho

Published:
18th May 2020

Abstract:
In the recent years, air pollution has become a severe problem not only for Vietnam, but also for other countries. Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) is the largest city in Vietnam where many air pollutants exceeded the Vietnam national technical regulation in ambient air quality including PM2.5, NOx, Ozone a…In the recent years, air pollution has become a severe problem not only for Vietnam, but also for other countries. Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) is the largest city in Vietnam where many air pollutants exceeded the Vietnam national technical regulation in ambient air quality including PM2.5, NOx, Ozone and CO. These high pollutant concentrations have destroyed human health of people in Ho Chi Minh City. This research is aimed to (i) analyse and assess the change in spatiotemporal of the air polluted substances in Ho Chi Minh City; (ii) study the impact of weather patern to air pollutants dispersion over Ho Chi Minh City. The description statistical method is applied to evaluate the air quality in every monitoring location during the period 2005 to 2016, and the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) spatial interpolation from Geographical Information Systems (GIS) was applied to create a map of polluted substances in air quality, especially Total Suspended Particles (TSP), Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Lead (Pb) and Carbon monoxide (CO), of the change in concentration of the polluted substances for every pixel in all researched locations. IDW method was validated by comparing between air quality monitoring and IDW spatial interpolation method. The results shown that IDW method is qualify for this study with R2 = 0.93 and d = 0.74 at Dinh Tien Hoang – Dien Bien Phu, An Suong and Go Vap monitoring locations. The IDW interpolation method was also good result for NOx with R2 = 0.96 and d = 0.75 at the Hang Xanh, An Suong, and Huynh Tan Phat monitoring locations. The results shown that the highest CO concentration is in Go Vap district, with the average is 14.849 mg/m3, TSP is highest in An Suong area with the average is 0.687mg/m3. NOx is highest in Dien Bien Phu wih 0.199 mg/m3. The spatial of air quality shown that the spread continues towards the north, northwest, and northeast direction of Ho Chi Minh City because the main air emission sources are in the center of HCMC and the main wind direction is south, southeast and northeast. The wind direction blows air pollutants from center of city toward to the north, northwest, and northeast of Ho Chi Minh City. The results of study also shown that the relations between policy and air pollution level. Policy interventions on air quality management will have a major impact on reducing air pollution for HCMC, such as policies that tighten vehicle exhaust emissions (from EURO II standard to EURO VI standard) and policy on cleaner fuel.
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A Comprehensive Survey of Link Prediction Techniques for Social Network
Appears in:
inis 20(23): e3

Authors:
Abdul Samad, Mamoona Qadir, Ishrat Nawaz, Muhammad Arshad Islam, Muhammad Aleem

Published:
17th Apr 2020

Abstract:
A growing trend of using social networking sites is attracting researchers to study and analyze different aspects of social network. Besides many problems, link prediction is a fascinating problem in the field of social network analysis (SNA). Link prediction, in social network analysis, is a tas…A growing trend of using social networking sites is attracting researchers to study and analyze different
aspects of social network. Besides many problems, link prediction is a fascinating problem in the field of social
network analysis (SNA). Link prediction, in social network analysis, is a task of identifying the missing links
and predicting the new links. Several researchers have proposed solutions for the link prediction problem
during the past two decades. However, there is a need to provide comprehensive overview of the significant
contributions for a thorough analysis. The objective of this review is to summaries and discuss the existing
link prediction algorithms in a common context for an unbiased analysis. The extensive review is presented
by constructing the systematical category for proposed algorithms, selected problems, evaluation measures
along with selected network datasets. Finally, applications of link prediction are discussed.
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SAM Centrality: a Hop-Based Centrality Measure for Ranking Users in Social Network
Appears in:
inis 20(23): e2

Authors:
Abdul Samad, Mamoona Qadir, Ishrat Nawaz, Muhammad Arshad Islam, Muhammad Aleem

Published:
16th Apr 2020

Abstract:
Majority of researcher are attracted by the social network analysis due to the rush of people towards social network. Along with many problems, social network analysis is facing an interesting problem that is ranking of users in social network which is gaining more attention due to the increasing…Majority of researcher are attracted by the social network analysis due to the rush of people towards social
network. Along with many problems, social network analysis is facing an interesting problem that is ranking
of users in social network which is gaining more attention due to the increasing number of social users.
Measuring centrality of nodes in a social graph, have been important issue in social network analysis. Lot
of centrality methods have been proposed in this regard. In this paper, hop based centrality measures called
SAM is purposed. To investigate the measure, we applied on various dataset. In comparisons, on all these
social graphs, we obtain better results than other centrality measures (i.e., Degree, PageRank, Betweeness and
Closeness) using SIR model.
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Kendall tau sequence distance: Extending Kendall tau from ranks to sequences
Appears in:
inis 20(23): e1

Author:
Vincent A. Cicirello

Published:
7th Apr 2020

Abstract:
An edit distance is a measure of the minimum cost sequence of edit operations to transform one structure into another. Edit distance can be used as a measure of similarity as part of a pattern recognition system, with lower values of edit distance implying more similar structures. Edit distance i…An edit distance is a measure of the minimum cost sequence of edit operations to transform one structure
into another. Edit distance can be used as a measure of similarity as part of a pattern recognition system, with
lower values of edit distance implying more similar structures. Edit distance is most commonly encountered
within the context of strings, where Wagner and Fischer’s string edit distance is perhaps the most well-known.
However, edit distance is not limited to strings. For example, there are several edit distance measures for
permutations, including Wagner and Fischer’s string edit distance since a permutation is a special case of
a string. However, another edit distance for permutations is Kendall tau distance, which is the number of
pairwise element inversions. On permutations, Kendall tau distance is equivalent to an edit distance with
adjacent swap as the edit operation. A permutation is often used to represent a total ranking over a set
of elements. There exist multiple extensions of Kendall tau distance from total rankings (permutations) to
partial rankings (i.e., where multiple elements may have the same rank), but none of these are suitable for
computing distance between sequences. We set out to explore extending Kendall tau distance in a different
direction, namely from the special case of permutations to the more general case of strings or sequences of
elements from some finite alphabet. We name our distance metric Kendall tau sequence distance, and define
it as the minimum number of adjacent swaps necessary to transform one sequence into the other. We provide
two O(n lg n) algorithms for computing it, and experimentally compare their relative performance. We also
provide reference implementations of both algorithms in an open source Java library.
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Wireless Power Transfer Near-field Technologies for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): A Review
Appears in:
inis 20(22): e5

Authors:
Anh M. Le, Linh H. Truong, Toan V. Quyen, Cuong V. Nguyen, Minh T. Nguyen

Published:
31st Jan 2020

Abstract:
Wireless power transfer (WPT) techniques are being popular currently with the development of midrange wireless powering and charging technology to gradually substitute the need for wired devices during charging. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are also being used with many practical purposes for a…Wireless power transfer (WPT) techniques are being popular currently with the development of midrange wireless powering and charging technology to gradually substitute the need for wired devices during
charging. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are also being used with many practical purposes for agriculture,
surveillance, and healthcare, etc. There is a trade-off between the weight of the UAVs or their batteries and
their flying time. In order to support those UAVs perform better in their tasks, WPT is applied in UAVs to
recharge batteries which help to increase their working time. This paper highlights up-to-date studies that are
specific to near-field WPT deploying into UAVs. The charging distances, the transfer efficiency, and transfer
power, etc. are considered to provide an overview of all common problems in using and charging UAVs,
especially for autonomous landing and charging. By classification and suggestions in specific problems will
be provided opportunities and challenges with respect to apply near-field WPT techniques for charging the
battery of UAVs and other applications in the real world.
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On the Capacity-Achieving Scheme and Capacity of 1-Bit ADC Gaussian-Mixture Channels
Appears in:
inis 20(22): e4

Authors:
Md Hasan Rahman, Mohammad Ranjbar, Nghi H. Tran

Published:
31st Jan 2020

Abstract:
This paper addresses the optimal signaling scheme and capacity of an additive Gaussian mixture (GM) noise channel using 1-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The consideration of GM noise provides a more realistic baseline for the analysis and design of co-channel interference links and netw…This paper addresses the optimal signaling scheme and capacity of an additive Gaussian mixture (GM) noise channel
using 1-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The consideration of GM noise provides a more realistic baseline for
the analysis and design of co-channel interference links and networks. Towards that goal, we first show that the capacityachieving input signal is π/2 circularly symmetric. By examining a necessary and sufficient Kuhn–Tucker condition
(KTC) for an input to be optimal, we demonstrate that the maximum number of optimal mass points is four. Our
proof relies on Dubin’s theorem and the fact that the KTC coefficient is positive, i.e., the power constraint is active.
By combining with the π/2 circularly symmetric property, it is then concluded the optimal input is unique, and it has
exactly four mass points forming a square centered at the origin. By further checking the first and second derivatives of
the modified KTC, it is then shown that the phase of the optimal mass point located in the first quadrant is π/4. Thus, the
capacity-achieving input signal is QPSK. This result helps us obtain the channel capacity in closed-form.
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Histogram-based Feature Extraction for GPS Trajectory Clustering
Appears in:
inis 20(22): e3

Authors:
Chi Nguyen, Thao Dinh, Van-Hau Nguyen, Nhat Phuong Tran, Anh Le

Published:
17th Jan 2020

Abstract:
Clustering trajectories from GPS data is a crucial task for developing applications in intelligent transportation systems. Most existing approaches perform clustering on raw data consisting of series of GPS positions of moving objects over time. Such approaches are not suitable for classifying mo…Clustering trajectories from GPS data is a crucial task for developing applications in intelligent transportation systems.
Most existing approaches perform clustering on raw data consisting of series of GPS positions of moving objects over
time. Such approaches are not suitable for classifying moving behaviours of vehicles, e.g., how to distinguish between a
trajectory of a taxi and a trajectory of a private car. In this paper, we focus on the problem of clustering trajectories of
vehicles having the same moving behaviours. Our approach is based on histogram-based feature extraction to model
moving behaviours of objects and utilizes traditional clustering algorithms to group trajectories. We perform experiments
on real datasets and obtain better results than existing approaches.
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Reducing Bitrate and Increasing the Quality of Inter Frame by Avoiding Quantization Errors in Stationary Blocks
Appears in:
inis 20(22): e2

Authors:
Xuan-Tu Tran, Ngoc-Sinh Nguyen, Duy-Hieu Bui, Minh-Trien Pham, Hung K. Nguyen, Cong-Kha Pham

Published:
17th Jan 2020

Abstract:
In image compression and video coding, quantization error helps to reduce the amount of information of the high frequency components. However, in temporal prediction the quantization error contributes its value as noise in the total residual information. Therefore, the residual signal of the inte…In image compression and video coding, quantization error helps to reduce the amount of information of
the high frequency components. However, in temporal prediction the quantization error contributes its value
as noise in the total residual information. Therefore, the residual signal of the inter-picture prediction is
greater than the expected one and always differs zero value even input video contains only homogeneous
frames. In this paper, we reveal negative effects of quantization errors in inter prediction and propose a video
encoding scheme which is able to avoid side effects of quantization errors in the stationary parts. We propose
to implement a motion detection algorithm as the first stage of video encoding to separate the video into two
parts: motion and static. The motion information allows us to force residual data of non-changed part to zero
and keep the residual signal of motion regularly. Beside, we design block-based filters which improve motion
results and filter those results fit into block encode size well. Fixed residual data of static information permits
us to pre-calculate its quantized coefficient and create a bypass encoding path for it. Experimental results
with the JPEG compression (MJPEG-DPCM) showed that the proposed method produces lower bitrate than
the conventional MJPEG-DPCM at the same quantization parameter and a lower computational complexity.
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Optimisation of Server Selection for Maximising Utility in Erlang-Loss Systems
Appears in:
inis 20(22): e1

Authors:
Maciej Pietowski, Quoc-Tuan Vien, Truong Khoa Phan

Published:
5th Nov 2019

Abstract:
This paper undertakes the challenge of server selection problem in Erlang-loss system (ELS). We propose a novel approach to the server selection problem in the ELS taking into account probabilistic modelling to reflect a practical scenario when user arrivals vary over time. The proposed framework…This paper undertakes the challenge of server selection problem in Erlang-loss system (ELS). We propose
a novel approach to the server selection problem in the ELS taking into account probabilistic modelling to
reflect a practical scenario when user arrivals vary over time. The proposed framework is divided into three
stages, including i) developing a new method for server selection based on the M/M/n/n queuing model
with probabilistic arrivals; ii) combining server allocation results with further research on utility-maximising
server selection to optimise system performance; and iii) designing a heuristic approach to efficiently solve
the developed optimisation problem. Simulation results show that by using this framework, Internet Service
Providers (ISPs) can significantly improve QoS for better revenue with optimal server allocation in their data centre networks.
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Smart Grid Attacks and Countermeasures
Appears in:
inis 15(2): e4

Authors:
Eric McCary, Yang Xiao

Downloads:
1742

Abstract:
The term “Smart Grid” has been coined and used for several years to describe the efforts of the current power grid modernization effort. This effort plans to introduce self-healing, energy efficiency, reliability, and security using two-way digital communications and control technology, along with …The term “Smart Grid” has been coined and used for several years to describe the efforts of the current power grid modernization effort. This effort plans to introduce self-healing, energy efficiency, reliability, and security using two-way digital communications and control technology, along with a host of other valuable attributes. As a bi-product of this modernization and newly gained systems interoperability, new communications and management interfaces are produced in both the cyber realm and physical domains. The increase of the public physical presence and cyber footprint opens up avenues for compromise to hackers and individuals with malicious intent. This survey paper will categorize and summarize vulnerabilities in the framework of the current power grid and the software and hardware which is currently being used to upgrade the grid. The paper will also detail known countermeasures which can be used to mitigate or eliminate attacks which exploit such vulnerabilities.
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Innovative Application of 5G and Blockchain Technology in Industry 4.0
Appears in:
inis 19(18): e4

Authors:
Ivan Jovović, Siniša Husnjak, Ivan Forenbacher, Sven Maček

Downloads:
1160

Abstract:
The Industry 4.0 is experiencing significant challenges, including the need for an increased amount of data transmission with improved security, transparency and credibility. The 5th Generation Mobile Network (5G) and Blockchain are innovative emerging technologies that can respond to these needs. …The Industry 4.0 is experiencing significant challenges, including the need for an increased amount of data transmission with improved security, transparency and credibility. The 5th Generation Mobile Network (5G) and Blockchain are innovative emerging technologies that can respond to these needs. 5G will enable extremely large channel capacities and reduce data latency, while Blockchain's innovative data-sharing mode of operation delivers an improved high level of security, transparency, and credibility of stored data. Therefore, this paper presents a general survey of the potential application of 5G network and Blockchain technology in Industry 4.0. The results may be used by first-movers firms for gaining technological leadership on the market.
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A Survey of System Level Power Management Schemes in the Dark-Silicon Era for Many-Core Architectures
Appears in:
inis 18(15): e5

Authors:
Emmannuel Ofori-Attah, Xiaohang Wang, Michael Opoku Agyeman

Downloads:
1077

Abstract:
Power consumption in Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology has escalated to a point that only a fractional part of many-core chips can be powered-on at a time. Fortunately, this fraction can be increased at the expense of performance through the dark-silicon solution. However, w…Power consumption in Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology has escalated to a point that only a fractional part of many-core chips can be powered-on at a time. Fortunately, this fraction can be increased at the expense of performance through the dark-silicon solution. However, with many-core integration set to be heading towards its thousands, power consumption and temperature increases per time, meaning the number of active nodes must be reduced drastically. Therefore, optimized techniques are demanded for continuous advancement in technology. Existing eﬀorts try to overcome this challenge by activating nodes from diﬀerent parts of the chip at the expense of communication latency. Other eﬀorts on the other hand employ run-time power management techniques to manage the power performance of the cores trading-oﬀ performance for power. We found out that, for a signiﬁcant amount of power to saved and high temperature to be avoided, focus should be on reducing the power consumption of all the on-chip components. Especially, the memory hierarchy and the interconnect. Power consumption can be minimized by, reducing the size of high leakage power dissipating elements, turning-oﬀ idle resources and integrating power saving materials.
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An Introduction of Real-time Embedded Optimisation Programming for UAV Systems under Disaster Communication
Appears in:
inis 18(17): e5

Authors:
Long D. Nguyen, Ayse Kortun, Trung Q. Duong

Downloads:
908

Abstract:
For disaster communications, it is very challenging for the contemporary wireless technology and infrastructure to meet the demands for connectivity. Modern wireless networks should be developed to satisfy the increasing demand of quality-of-service (QoS) in mission-critical communications for disa…For disaster communications, it is very challenging for the contemporary wireless technology and infrastructure to meet the demands for connectivity. Modern wireless networks should be developed to satisfy the increasing demand of quality-of-service (QoS) in mission-critical communications for disaster management which are currently faced with the challenges of limited spectrum, expensive resources, reliable and green communication. There is a tremendous need for optimisation techniques in the study and design of the key functionalities of wireless systems. Until now, almost current optimisation scenarios are often carried out on large timescales (e.g., minutes or hours) without strict time constraints for solving the problems. With the improvement of computational speed, eﬃcient algorithms and advanced coding approaches, a framwork of real-time optimisation programming, which plays a major role in the trend of modern engineering such as mission-critical communications, is introduced for the first time in this paper in the context of natural disaster. In particular, we propose an introduction of embedded convex optimisation programming for unmanned ariel vehicles (UAVs) communications in disaster networks with the strict supervision of executive time in real-time scenarios.
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Improving ns-3 Emulation Support in Real-World Networking Scenarios
Appears in:
inis 16(9): e5

Authors:
Helder Fontes, Rui Campos, Manuel Ricardo

Downloads:
847

Abstract:
A common problem in networking research and development is the duplicate effort of writing simulation and implementation code. This duplication can be avoided through the use of fast-prototyping methodologies, which enable reusing simulation code in real prototyping and in production environments. …A common problem in networking research and development is the duplicate effort of writing simulation and implementation code. This duplication can be avoided through the use of fast-prototyping methodologies, which enable reusing simulation code in real prototyping and in production environments. Although this functionality is already available by using ns-3 emulation, there are still limitations regarding the support of real network interfaces and easy configuration of the network settings, such as IP and MAC addresses.
In this paper we propose an improved version of the ns-3 emulation component by introducing new functionalities that address these limitations. The new functionalities include the support of new types of real network interfaces and the easier integration of emulation nodes with existing networks by means of a new auto-configuration mechanism for ns-3 nodes. Experimental results obtained in a laboratorial testbed and in a real vehicular network testbed demonstrate the new functionalities proper operation, and their backwards compatibility with previously coded ns-3 scenarios.
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Attribution of Cyber Attacks on Industrial Control Systems
Appears in:
inis 16(7): e3

Authors:
Allan Cook, Andrew Nicholson, Helge Janicke, Leandros Maglaras, Richard Smith

Downloads:
832

Abstract:
In order to deter or prosecute for cyber attacks on industrial control systems it is necessary to assign attribution to the attacker and define the type of attack so that international law enforcement agencies or national governments can decide on appropriate recourse. In this paper we identify the…In order to deter or prosecute for cyber attacks on industrial control systems it is necessary to assign attribution to the attacker and define the type of attack so that international law enforcement agencies or national governments can decide on appropriate recourse. In this paper we identify the current state of the art of attribution in industrial control systems. We highlight the critical differences between attribution in enterprise networks and attribution in industrial networks. In doing so we provide a roadmap for future research.
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Design of Cloud-Connected IoT System for Smart Buildings on Energy Management (Invited paper)
Appears in:
inis 16(6): e3

Authors:
Wayes Tushar, Chau Yuen, Kai Li, Kristin L. Wood, Zhang Wei, Liu Xiang

Downloads:
810

Abstract:
Building energy management (BEM) system can provide cost-effective energy management solutions for smart buildings. However, the success of BEM is contingent on identifying large energy consuming devices, monitoring energy usage, optimal scheduling of flexible appliances, and distinguishing and con…Building energy management (BEM) system can provide cost-effective energy management solutions for smart buildings. However, the success of BEM is contingent on identifying large energy consuming devices, monitoring energy usage, optimal scheduling of flexible appliances, and distinguishing and controlling energy wastage. To this end, this paper discusses the design of Internet of Things (IoT) for a flexible BEM with the backend analytic that performs analysis on energy usage pattern and the wastage. We present the experimental results of real-time monitoring of consumers’ energy usage in a commercial space to identify the electricity wastage. The experiment is conducted at an office testbed using a comprehensive wireless sensor network. Extensive analysis is done to identify the energy wastage pattern of users for reducing the electricity cost. It is demonstrated that it is possible to reduce significant energy wastage when an office building is equipped with the proposed IoT system.
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An Investigation of Performance Analysis of Anomaly Detection Techniques for Big Data in SCADA Systems
Appears in:
inis 15(3): e5

Authors:
Mohiuddin Ahmed, Adnan Anwar, Abdun Naser Mahmood, Zubair Shah, Michael J. Maher

Downloads:
760

Abstract:
Anomaly detection is an important aspect of data mining, where the main objective is to identify anomalous or unusual data from a given dataset. However, there is no formal categorization of application-specific anomaly detection techniques for big data and this ignites a confusion for the data m…Anomaly detection is an important aspect of data mining, where the main objective is to identify anomalous
or unusual data from a given dataset. However, there is no formal categorization of application-specific
anomaly detection techniques for big data and this ignites a confusion for the data miners. In this paper, we
categorise anomaly detection techniques based on nearest neighbours, clustering and statistical approaches
and investigate the performance analysis of these techniques in critical infrastructure applications such as
SCADA systems. Extensive experimental analysis is conducted to compare representative algorithms from
each of the categories using seven benchmark datasets (both real and simulated) in SCADA systems. The
effectiveness of the representative algorithms is measured through a number of metrics. We highlighted the
set of algorithms that are the best performing for SCADA systems.
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Hardware-software co-simulation for medical X-ray control units
Appears in:
inis 16(8): e5

Authors:
Bruno Kleinert, Gholam Reza Rahimi, Marc Reichenbach, Dietmar Fey

Downloads:
751

Abstract:
In this paper we present our solution to master the complex- ity of product adaption cycles of a medical X-ray control unit. We present the real hardware and software platform and our mapping of it to a virtual X-ray control unit, im- plemented as our hardware-software co-simulation. To re- du…In this paper we present our solution to master the complex-
ity of product adaption cycles of a medical X-ray control
unit. We present the real hardware and software platform
and our mapping of it to a virtual X-ray control unit, im-
plemented as our hardware-software co-simulation. To re-
duce complexity for hardware developers, we developed our
own XML-based abstract system description language which
is mapped onto instantiations of parameterizable SystemC
template modules. We verified the correctness of our virtual
X-ray control unit by co-simulating unmodified software to
hardware components, which we implemented in our system
description language from the specification of the real sys-
tem. Due to reduced complexity of our virtual X-ray control
unit, it can be used as a time and cost saving test platform
for future hardware and software adaption cycles.
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A Novel Intrusion Detection Mechanism for SCADA systems which Automatically Adapts to Network Topology Changes
Appears in:
inis 17(10): e4

Authors:
Barnaby Stewart, Luis Rosa, Leandros A. Maglaras, Tiago J. Cruz, Mohamed Amine Ferrag, Paulo Simoes, Helge Janicke

Downloads:
743

Abstract:
Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are getting more vulnerable as they become increasingly interconnected with other systems. Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT) will bring new opportunities to business and society, along with new threats and security risks. One major change that ICS will face will b…Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are getting more vulnerable as they become increasingly interconnected with other systems. Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT) will bring new opportunities to business and society, along with new threats and security risks. One major change that ICS will face will be that of the dynamic network topology. Changes in the network architecture will aﬀect the performance of the ICS along with the eﬃciency of the security mechanisms that are deployed. The current article investigates how changes in the network architecture of a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system aﬀect the performance of an Intrusion Detection System IDS that is based on the One class Support Vector Machine (OCSVM). Also the article proposes an adaptive mechanism that can cope with such changes and can work in real time situations. The performance of the proposed adaptive IDS is tested using traces from a Hybrid ICS testbed with a dynamic topology.
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Publisher: EAI
ISSN: 2410-0218
Number of Volumes: 7

Last Published: 2020-05-18

EAI Endorsed Transactions on Industrial Networks and Intelligent Systems

Trung Q. Duong1

Le Nguyen Bao2

Trung Q. Duong¹

Le Nguyen Bao²