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EAI Endorsed Transactions on Mobile Communications and Applications is an open access, peer-reviewed scholarly journal focused on all aspects of mobile communications theories, technologies, systems, and applications. The journal publishes research articles, review articles, commentaries, editorials, technical articles, and short communications with a triannual frequency. Authors are not charged for article submission and processing.

Editor(s)-in-Chief: Lin Yun, Vanlin Sathya, Vincent A. Cicirello and Arianna D'Ulizia

EAI Endorsed Transactions on Mobile Communications and Applications is an open-access, a peer-reviewed scholarly journal focused on all aspects of mobile communications theories, technologies, systems, and applications. The journal publishes research articles, review articles, commentaries, editorials, technical articles, and short communications with a triannual frequency. Authors are not charged for article submission and processing.

  • Mobile cellular networks
  • Mobile ad hoc networks
  • Mobile Internet
  • WiMAX networks
  • Vehicular networks
  • Wireless sensor networks
  • Satellite communications systems
  • Mobile system and network architectures
  • Network control and management
  • Self-organizing, self-aware, and self-adaptive networks
  • Mobility management
  • Modulation and coding techniques
  • Quality of service
  • Reliability and fault tolerance
  • Trust, security and privacy
  • Mobile applications and services
  • Performance modelling and analysis
  • Spectrum sensing algorithm and white space modeling
  • Spectrum sharing architecture and mechanism
  • Spectrum-efficient design
  • Dynamic spectrum management
  • Spectrum pricing, auction, and trading a
  • Game theory for dynamic spectrum access
  • Spectrum mobility control
  • Reconfigurable wireless platforms
  • Medium access control design for cognitive radio networks
  • Spectrum agile and adaptive routing
  • Security of wireless systems in the context of spectrum sharing
  • Interference analysis, measurements, and statistical models of spectrum usage
  • Information-theoretic aspects of next-generation mobile systems
  • Coexistence with legacy wireless systems
  • Novel radio architectures and antennas
  • Simulation tools, testbeds, hardware, and software prototypes
  • Regulation and standardization
  • Artificial intelligence and machine learning for mobile communications
  • Energy-efficiency design in mobile communication systems
  • Mobile big data analytics
  • Mobile communications for the Internet of Things (IoT)
  • Applications enabled by mobile communication systems

Call for Papers: Special issue on: Improving the Security and Privacy Policies through Artificial Intelligence for NextGen (6G) Mobile Networks (Manuscript submission deadline: 2021-09-30; Notification of acceptance: 2021-11-18; Submission of final revised paper: 2022-01-10; Publication of special issue (tentative): 2021-07-30)

Guest Editor: Dr Basim Alhadidi, PhD. Khalaf (Al-Balqa Applied University, Jordan) Guest Editor: Dr Hong Jer Lang (Taylor's University, Malaysia) Guest Editor: Dr A M Viswa Bharathy, M.E., Ph.D. (JNTUH University, India)

  • Dr. Nirwan Ansari (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA)
  • Dr. Raj Jain (Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, USA)
  • Dr. Tigang Jiang (UESTC)
  • Dr. Nei Kato (Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Japan)
  • Dr. Tiffany Jing Li (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, USA)
  • Dr. Tommaso Melodia (Department of Electrical Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, USA)
  • Dr. Claude Oestges (Microwave Laboratory, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Belgium)
  • Dr. Kostas Pentikousis (European Research Centre, Huawei Technologies, Germany)
  • Dr. Charles E. Perkins (WiChorus Inc., USA)
  • Dr. Martin Reisslein (Department of Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University, USA)
  • Dr. David Simplot-Ryl (Fundamental Computer Science Laboratory, Centre de recherche INRIA Lille,
  • Dr. Wenye Wang (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, USA)
  • Dr. Baoxian Zhang (Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China)
  • Dr. Cristian Borcea (NJIT)
  • Dr. Paolo Bellavista (University of Bologna)
  • Dr. Jian Ren (Michigan State University)
  • Dr. Lei Chen (Georgia Southern University)
  • Dr. Houbing Song (Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University)
  • Dr. Dalei Wu (The University of Tennessee at Chattanoog, USA)
  • Dr. Jianjun Yang, Department of Computer Science, University of North Georgia, USA
  • Dr. Qing Yang (University of North Texas)
  • Dr. Shaoen Wu (Ball State University, USA)
  • Dr. Dapeng Wu (Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications)
  • Dr. Ruoling Zhou, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, USA
  • Dr. Ashutosh Kumar Dubey, Chitkara University, India
  • Brij Bhooshan Gupta, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, India
  • Dr. Anand Nayyar, Duy Tan University, Vietnam
  • Prof. Wen-Cheng Lai, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Vietnam
  • Dr A M ViswaBharathy, Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology, India
  • Bo Li, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, China
  • Klaus Moessner, University of Surrey, UK
  • Murat Kuscu, Koc University, Turkey
  • Xuanheng Li, Dalian University of Technology, China

  • Deep Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Network Assisted by Intelligent Reflecting Surface

    Appears in:
    mca 23(3): e4

    Authors:
    Xiatian Ouyang, Bowen Lu, Bozhong Linghu, Qingrong Murong, Yuanrui Xiahou, Shangwu Sima, Haoliang Situ, Haiyang Zhuge, Weiyi Shangguan, Jiayi Linghu, Yifan Shentu, Xiazhi Lai, Siyu Wanyan, Zhili Huangpu, Haida Xiahou, Dahua Ouyang, Desheng Murong, Baoqiang Zhangsun, Jinshang Dongfang, Yinghao Guo, Junning Shentu, Dechang Huangpu, Bobo Sima, Zhimo Shangguan, Kunlun Xiahou, Kunlun Dongfang, Pingzhi Shangguan, Bingyun Helan, Zhengtao Helan, Fengqi Zhuge, Zelong Shentu, Zhaohui Helan, Weiye Sima, Zhaoyao Dongfang, Xinyong Huangfu, Shanshan Ouyang, Yingxiong Yunchi, Zhengfeng Situ, Zhongchun Zhangsun, Houjue Zhuge, Zenggang Linghu, Yunfei Situ, Zhengzhi Wanyan, Hanming Yuchi

    Published:
    11th Dec 2023

    Abstract:
    The intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) symbiotic communication technology is expected to enhance the access performance, energy efficiency and spectrum efficiency of the communication network, and is regarded as an important candidate technology to support the evolution of the sixth-generation (6G) towards large-scale, high-capacity and sustainable development. However, the relevant research of this technology is still at the initial stage, and many key challenges have not been fully studied. Therefore, it is urgent to open up relevant research ideas and methods to promote its development and early implementation, so as to make it an effective 6G technology. In view of this, this paper intends to carry out the research on the theory and method of IRS assisted NOMA symbiotic transmission, starting from the analysis of the active and passive symbiotic mechanism of NOMA transmission protocol. Based on this, we further study the efficient symbiotic modulation transmission technology and multi-dimensional resource optimization allocation method. The research content of this paper is to explore the transmission theory and technology of high energy efficiency and high frequency spectrum efficiency for 6G, and break through the bottleneck problem of spectrum and energy consumption encountered by wireless communication, which has important practical significance for the wireless communication.

  • Review of 5G C-RAN Resource Allocation

    Appears in:
    mca 23(4): e5

    Authors:
    Louis Obi Chenke, Charles Nche, Emmanuel Tanyi Bety, Éric Michel Deussom Djomadji

    Published:
    20th Jul 2023

    Abstract:
    The Fifth Generation (5G) Network will bring different types of services, namely: EMBB, mMTC and URLLC and as more devices connect to the network, each user device request for data capacity will continue to grow. The increase in the number of devices and capacity request for each device will require an increase in network capacity, which will also need an increase in the number of Base Stations in the network. More Base Stations will increase the the Mobile Network Operator’s capital investment and operation costs. However, this increase in CAPEX and OPEX will not provide a corresponding increase in ARPU as users tend to be less willing to pay more as their capacity request increases. Mobile vendors and Mobile Network Operators will face the challenge of providing higher capacity for the same or less ARPU for their customers to maintain their customer base and maintain the business profitability. C-RAN was identified as a new and promising paradigm to help Mobile Network Operators reduce their CAPEX and OPEX while delivering higher capacity to their customers and maintaining business profitability. How C-RAN resources are allocated and managed within the 5G network will determine how efficient and profitable this optimisation process will be. In this article, we provide a high-level review of the crucial enabling 5G Technologies and an exhaustive review of C-RAN resource allocation algorithms for 5G networks with emphasis on resource allocation metrics/parameters. The main resource allocation metrics considered in this work include BBU computational/processing resource, capacity, Power/ energy consumption, wavelength, UE-RRH mapping and RRH-BBU mapping. Furthermore, Energy Harvesting in 5G C-RAN is discussed, including its architecture, categorised taxonomy and requirements. Lastly, future research directions and open research issues for efficient C-RAN resource allocation are highlighted.

  • Li-Fi Technology Based Long Range Free-Space Optics Data Transmit System Evaluation

    Appears in:
    mca 23(4): e3

    Authors:
    Mosa Rabeya, Nusrat Jahan, Kazi Rubaiyat Shahriar Rahman, Omar Faruq, Sakib Rokoni

    Published:
    29th May 2023

    Abstract:
    INTRODUCTION: The most flexible and reliable technological system is Wi-Fi, which is made possible by a wireless connection that transmits data using radio frequencies. Wi-Fi networks, however, encounter numerous issues related to power supply, availability, efficiency, and security as a result of the various access points. While relational waves describe the medical device, Wi-Fi radios produce radio waves that are very dangerous for patients. This document offers line-of-sight communication between the transmitter and receiver using LED technology. Li-Fi technology is a method that transmits audio data using LED light, which is faster and more efficient than Wi-Fi. Since it is practically ubiquitous, light can be used for communication as well. A cutting-edge technology called optical communication includes a subset called light fidelity. By sending out visible light, the Li-Fi device enables wireless intranet communication. This paper is an in-depth study and analysis of Light Fidelity (Li-Fi), a novel technology that transmits data at high speeds over a wide spectrum by using light as a medium of transmission. The research fields that are pertinent to Li-Fi networks are thoroughly analyzed and categorized in this paper. OBJECTIVES: High speed data transmission, receive, share, broadcast through light in free space optical communication system by Li-Fi technology. METHODS: We followed some methods and developed a unique method to develop this project. which is VLC, OOK, a Lambertian discharge mechanism, LOS, NLOS, or a CMOS optical receiver. RESULTS: Successfully, we transmitted and received audio, video, and other data, which is very high-rated and near the 2 GB/s range. CONCLUSION: Visible light communication may be a fast-evolving technique in the field of wireless technology. Li-Fi is a wireless data transfer system that is both fast and inexpensive. It can also be used in potentially hazardous situations, such as in nuclear power plants, without causing electromagnetic interference. We are considering adding more features to our project in the future to get better outcomes.

  • ns-3 Simulation Based Exploration of LTE Handover Optimization

    Appears in:
    mca 23(4): e4

    Authors:
    Sachin Nayak

    Published:
    29th May 2023

    Abstract:
    Network simulator (ns-3) is a reputed simulation platform for performance evaluation of cellular networks. In this work, we explore the use of ns-3 for tracking of successful handovers (HO) and handover failures and consequent impact on 4G LTE network throughput with the aim of discovering new analytical relations about HOs and new methods to optimize the resulting throughput. Decreased cell sizes in newer generation networks lead to increasing number of handovers and handover failures that have significant impact. We begin by reviewing analytical models in the literature that aim to predict number of HO and HO failures in terms of HO control and network parameters. We initially conduct a suite of exhaustive validation studies of such analytical models, based on the simulation execution manager (SEM) for ns-3 for parallelization. Via this, we discover new causal relations relating HO failures and choice of HO control parameters on network throughput. Based on these initial results, we next evaluate the application of Gaussian process regression for prediction of instantaneous network throughput and bandit algorithms as an effective mechanism to optimize throughput over time. The new relations discovered help better understand the impact of input handover control parameters on the number of handovers and handover failures allowing us to fine tune them. The new optimization and prediction methods discovered give good gains over baseline algorithms and help accurately predict throughput respectively.

  • Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided Secure Communication with Federated Learning

    Appears in:
    mca 23(4): e2

    Authors:
    Yajuan Tang, Bowen Lu, Dahua Fan, Jianghong Ou, Tao Cui, Chengyuan Fan, Shiwei Lai

    Published:
    23rd Mar 2023

    Abstract:
    Applying federated learning into the covert communication can not only ensure the communication reliability, but also reduce the probability of enemy detection. The use of airspace resources is an effective way to achieve covert communication. However, most of the existing works on the airspace covert communication represented by MIMO need to adapt to the channel state and cannot improve the channel, resulting in the performance bottleneck of covert communication. The intelligent reflective surface (IRS) provides a new perspective for the covert communication by flexibly adjusting the reflection phase shift of the incident signal and intelligently configuring the wireless channel. However, the potential of IRS in the covert communication is far from being fully exploited. To solve this issue, this paper firstly performs a comprehensive literature review on the secure communication with the aid of federated learning, and then gives some challenges on the secure communication in poor channel state. In further, this paper provides some solutions to the challenges on the secure communication, where some results are provided to show the advantages. The research results have important theoretical and practical significance for forming a new research paradigm of airspace intelligent and controllable covert communication and promoting the application and popularization of covert communication in various fields of security.

  • Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided Cloud Access Networks with Federated Learning

    Appears in:
    mca 23(4): e1

    Authors:
    Yajuan Tang, Bowen Lu, Dahua Fan, Jianghong Ou, Tao Cui, Chengyuan Fan, Shiwei Lai

    Published:
    17th Jan 2023

    Abstract:
    Compared with traditional cellular network architecture, cloud access network has some significant advantages in spectrum utilization, energy consumption and network construction cost. However, a high-quality forward link is required between the baseband processing unit pool and remote radio head (RRH) in the cloud access network, which results in limited RRH deployment and affects user access link transmission and coverage. To solve this issue, this paper introduces the intelligent reflector technology into the cloud access network as a solution with low energy consumption, low cost and easy deployment to deal with the existing bottlenecks. Firstly, an efficient channel information acquisition strategy based on federated learning is designed for the smart reflector to enhance the user access link, so as to achieve a compromise between the channel estimation accuracy and cost. On this basis, a robust beamforming design and optimization method of the compression mechanism of the forward link are proposed for the smart reflector to enhance the user access link and the wireless forward link, so as to improve the system transmission performance. Finally, we explore the joint resource allocation method of intelligent reflector assisted cloud access network, and improve the system energy efficiency through the collaborative configuration of intelligent reflector and cloud access network communication resources. The research of this paper will provide an important theoretical basis for the application of intelligent reflectors in cloud access networks, especially for the federated learning.

  • Distributed Joint Channel Assignment and Power Control for Sum Rate Maximization of D2D-Enabled Massive MIMO System

    Appears in:
    mca 23(3): e1

    Authors:
    Anna Förster , Yihenew Wondie , Abi Abate Dejen

    Published:
    12nd Jan 2023

    Abstract:
    Device-to-device (D2D) communications underlaid massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have been recognized as a promising candidate technology to achieve the challenging fifth-generation (5G) network requirements. This integration enhances network throughput, improves spectral efficiency, and offloads the traffic load of base stations. However, the co/cross-tier interferences between cellular and D2D communications caused by resource sharing is a significant challenge, especially when dense D2D users exist in an underlay mode. In this paper, we jointly optimize the channel assignment and power allocation to maximize the sum data rate while maintaining the interference constraints of cellular links. Due to the lack of network-wide information in large scale networks, resource management and interference coordination is hard to be implemented in a centralized way. Therefore, we propose a three-stage stable and distributed resource allocation and interference management scheme based on local information and requires little coordination and communication between devices. We model the channel allocation optimization problem in the first stage as a many-to-one matching game. In the second stage, the algorithm adopts a cost charging policy to solve each user’s power control problem as a non-cooperative game. In the third stage, the algorithm search for swap blocking pairs until stable matching exist. It is shown in this paper that the proposed algorithm converges to a stable matching and terminates after finite iterations. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve more than 86% of the average transmission rate performance of the optimal matching with lower complexity.

  • Deep Model Training and Deployment in Heterogeneous IoT Networks

    Appears in:
    mca 23(3): e5

    Authors:
    Yajuan Tang, Bowen Lu, Dahua Fan, Jianghong Ou, Tao Cui, Chengyuan Fan, Shiwei Lai

    Published:
    11th Jan 2023

    Abstract:
    As a typical form of machines learning, deep learning has attracted much attention from researchers. It can independently construct (train) basic rules according to the sample data in the learning process. Especially in the field of machine vision, neural networks are usually trained by supervised learning, that is, by example data and predefined results of example data. In this paper, we firstly overview the current research progress on the deep model training and deployment on the heterogeneous Internet of Things (IoT) networks, by taking into account both the latency and energy consumption from various devices in the system. We then summarize the existing challenges on the model training and model deployment on the heterogeneous IoT devices. We further give some feasible solutions to solve the challenges on the model training and model deployment on the heterogeneous IoT devices. The study in this paper can serve as an important reference for the development of deep model training and model deployment for heterogeneous IoT networks.

  • Formation control of multiple unmanned vehicles based on graph theory: A Comprehensive Review

    Appears in:
    mca 22(3): e3

    Authors:
    Mui Nguyen, Hoa Nguyen, Cuong Nguyen, Hai Do, Minh Nguyen

    Published:
    20th Dec 2022

    Abstract:
    In recent years, formation control for multiple unmanned vehicles becomes an active research topic that has received a lot of attention from scientists due to its superior advantages compared with other conventional systems. Algebraic graph and graph rigidity theories are the two main mathematical backgrounds of the formation control theory. The graph theory is used to describe the interconnections among vehicles in formation while rigid graph theory - an important subset of graph theory - ensured that the inter-vehicle distance constraints of the desired formation are enforced via the graph rigidity. This paper provides a comprehensive review of graph theory supporting formation control for groups of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) or swarm UAVs. The background of the theory and the recent developments of graph-theory-based formation control are reviewed. We provide a cohesive overview of the formation control and coordination of multiple vehicles. Finally, some challenges and future potential directions in formation control are discussed.

  • Collaborative Relay Radio Network Using Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface

    Appears in:
    mca 22(3): e2

    Authors:
    Huynh Phan Hieu Nghia, Huu Q. Tran, Nguyen Trong Duy

    Published:
    21st Sep 2022

    Abstract:
    In this paper, we have studied a model of a relay radio network system using Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS). Specifically, we used a relay network that uses RIS when there is an extra direct link from the Source (S) to the Destination (D). Next, an approximate closed-form expressions of the Outage Probability (OP) and Ergodic Capacity (EC) are considered. Based on the simulation results of OP and EC, the results show that our proposed system is more optimal than the system using supported RIS without direct link and the system without using RIS. In addition, changing the number of the RIS reflecting elements and the RIS’s location near (S) or (D) has a significant impact on the performance of the system. The analytical expression match the simulation results through the Monte Carlo simulation method. Furthermore, the simulation results of energy efficiency (EE) also show that when the target spectral efficiency (SE), Rth, is high (more than 5.45 b/s/Hz), the system using supported RIS with direct link will help reduce the transmit power and optimize the most energy compared to the other two systems.

  • Introducing a Distance Vector Routing Protocol for ns-3 Simulator

    Appears in:
    mca 17(8): e4

    Authors:
    Hiroaki Nishi, Erwin Harahap, Janaka Wijekoon, Rajitha Tennekoon

    Downloads:
    4655

    Abstract:
    In network research, network simulators have been shown to be useful for testing and changing network protocols by means of a controlled manner. As an Internet systems simulator, ns-3 simulator provides an ideal simulation environment for network research. However, ns-3 is lack of table-driven IPv4 routing modules. Despite the fact that a routing protocol is a mandatory component of a network, it is necessary to introduce a table-driven routing protocol for the ns-3 which is able to maintain the network connectivity and consistency. To this end, we introduce a distance vector IPv4 wired routing protocol for the ns-3 simulator (DVRP). The proposing protocol is developed as a table-driven wired routing protocol. In this study, we describe the proposing routing protocol, including its design, implementation, behavior on networks, and limitations.

  • GNSSim: An Open Source GNSS/GPS Framework for Unmanned Aerial Vehicular Network Simulation

    Appears in:
    mca 15(6): e2

    Authors:
    Weiqing Sun, Farha Jahan, Ahmad Y. Javaid, Mansoor Alam

    Downloads:
    3640

    Abstract:
    Unmanned systems are of great importance in accomplishing tasks where human lives are at risk. These systems are being deployed in tasks that are time-consuming, expensive or inconclusive if accomplished by human intervention. Design, development and testing of such vehicles using actual hardware could be quite costly and dangerous. Another issue is the limited outdoor usage permitted by Federal Aviation Administration regulations, which makes outdoor testing difficult. An optimal solution to this problem is to have a simulation environment where different operational scenarios, newly developed models, etc., can be studied. In this paper, we propose GNSSim, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) simulation framework. We demonstrate its effectiveness by integrating it with UAVSim. This allows users to experiment easily by adjusting different satellite as well as UAV parameters. Related tests and evidence of the correctness of the implementation are presented.

  • Route-Over Forwarding Techniques in a 6LoWPAN

    Appears in:
    mca 14(5): e5

    Authors:
    Andreas Weigel, Volker Turau, Andreas Timm-Giel, Martin Ringwelski

    Downloads:
    2742

    Abstract:
    6LoWPAN plays a major role within the protocol stack for the future Internet of Things. Its fragmentation mechanism enables transport of IPv6 datagrams with the required minimum MTU of 1280 bytes over 802.15.4-based networks. With the goal of a fully standardized WSN protocol stack currently necessitating a route-over approach, i.e., routing at the IP-layer, there are two main choices for any 6LoWPAN implementation with regard to datagram fragmentation: Hop-by-hop assembly or a cross-layered direct mode, which forwards individual 6LoWPAN fragments before the whole datagram has arrived. In addition to these two straightforward approaches, we propose enhancements based on adaptive rate-restriction for the direct forwarding and a retry control for both modes to reduce the number of losses of larger datagrams. An evaluation of these modes in a simulation environment and a hardware testbed indicate that the proposed enhancements can considerably improve PRR and latency within 6LoWPAN networks.

  • Implementation of Cognitive Radio Network Testbed for Multimedia Communications

    Appears in:
    mca 18(15): e2

    Authors:
    Siddharth Patil, Anuja Ghising, Honggang Wang, Patrick DaSilva

    Downloads:
    2617

    Abstract:
    A cognitive radio is a form of wireless communication in which a transceiver can intelligently detect which communication channels are in use and which are not, and instantly move into vacant channels while avoiding occupied ones. This intelligently avoids interference amongst users and provides the ability to use up all available bandwidth on the RF spectrum. There are many ways in which the communication can be demonstrated. This paper examines how we have implemented a cognitive radio network testbed using software defined radios (SDRs) for multimedia communications, where components that have been traditionally implemented in hardware are instead implemented by means of software on a personal computer or embedded system to communicate and transfer a file between each other. We attempt to demonstrate potential use of SDRs for future multimedia applications.

  • Automated control signal reception acknowledgement system using nRF24L01P wireless transceiver module and Arduino

    Appears in:
    mca 19(16): e3

    Authors:
    Mobasshir Mahbub

    Downloads:
    2570

    Abstract:
    In this era of modern technology wireless control system is a most used method to control electrical or electronic devices and/or monitoring from a distant part. It is very easier and cost effective to implement a wireless system. Because there are barriers in implementing wired system. That is why wireless system is much effective than wired. But the wireless system has also some problems or deficits. One of them is signal loss during the transmission due to various causes like surrounding environmental reason and others. If transmitted signal is lost the receiver will remain completely blind as it is not receiving the signal. Another one can be the receiver is unable to receive signal due to the technical fault of receiver end whether the transmitted signal is stable. That is why an acknowledgement system is necessary to determine whether the receiver is receiving the transmitted signal or not. The developed system is an effective and low cost system with nRF24L01P transceiver module and Arduino Uno to determine that the receiver is working accordingly or not or is there any technical fault.

  • Optimal ZF Precoder for MU massive MIMO Systems over Ricean Channel with per Antenna Power Allocation

    Appears in:
    mca 18(15): e3

    Authors:
    James Kweku Nkrumah Nyarko, Christian Ango Mbom

    Downloads:
    2397

    Abstract:
    Multiuser massive multiple-input multiple-output systems have the potential to increase the data rate. However, with a large base station (BS) antenna, the non-square channel matrix restricts the zero-forcing (ZF) precoder rotations to obtain the best optimal solution with the per-antenna power allocation. In this paper, we propose the beamforming and lattice reduction (LR) approach to restrain the channel matrix and transform the lattice of the channel vectors to be near orthogonal. Numerical results show that the LR-based ZF precoder outperforms other ZF precoder schemes, such as, the norm approximation of the beamforming matrix. In particular, the sum rate of the proposed optimal ZF precoder requires a small number of BS antenna. Subsequently, with the strong line of sight (LoS) channel, the optimal power allocations in the subchannels depend on the dominance of the users in order to achieve substantial multiplexing and diversity gains. Specifically, the Ricean channel gain with the water-filling allocation at high SNR is non-negligible.

  • Transmission Power and Effects on Energy Consumption and Performance in MANET

    Appears in:
    mca 19(16): e2

    Authors:
    M. Schaeffer, E. L. Secco, S. Blakeway, A. Kirpichnikova

    Downloads:
    2367

    Abstract:
    This paper explores the effect that transmission power has on the performance of a Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET). The goal of this research is to determine if the lifetime of the network can be prolongated by using less energy and thus, resulting in a more energy efficient ‘greener’ architecture. A total of 72 unique simulations are conducted of various configurations covering a large variety of possible scenarios: we examined configurations with a different number of nodes, number of traffic flows, mobility model, transmission power and geographical areas. Results show that there is an optimal transmission power, which enhances greater network performance: moreover, this optimal transmission setting makes the network more energy efficient in terms of depletion of the finite energy sources of the nodes. Our overall findings also confirm that higher transmission power results in less energy consumption.

  • Simulating LTE Mobility Management in presence of coverage holes with ns-3

    Appears in:
    mca 17(8): e2

    Authors:
    Zoraze Ali, Nicola Baldo, Lorenza Giupponi, Josep Mangues-Bafalluy

    Downloads:
    2118

    Abstract:
    In this paper, we present our approach to simulate mobility management scenarios for LTE heterogeneous network deployments defined by challenging radio propagation scenarios, such as the presence of coverage holes. We focus on the LTE module of ns-3, which is also known as LENA. Our contribution is twofold. On one hand, we propose a set of new features for the LTE module, including a new model for simulating obstacles blocking the propagation of radio signals, and a handover model suitable for the offline evaluation of mobility management solutions. On the other hand, we describe in detail the setup of the simulation scenario, highlighting the challenges that we faced during the implementation and discussing the chosen configuration parameters. Finally, we present some simulation results that we obtained with the proposed approach.

  • Hybrid Satellite - Wireless Sensor Networks Architecture for Telemedicine Applications in the Context of Emergency Satellite Communications in Ku/Ka/Q/V Bands

    Appears in:
    mca 14(5): e1

    Authors:
    Ponia Pech, Rahim Kacimi

    Downloads:
    2071

    Abstract:
    Thanks to the facilities offered by telecommunications, telemedicine today allows physicians and clinicians to access, monitor and diagnose patients remotely. Telemedicine includes several applications such as remote monitoring of chronically ill patients, monitoring people in their everyday lives to provide early detection and intervention for various types of diseases, computer-assisted physical rehabilitation in ambulatory settings, and assisted living for the elderly at home, as well as remote monitoring of injured people in a post-disaster situation. These new applications require a reliable, wireless communication link between the devices implanted in the patient’s skin and a clinician. In this article, this issue is discussed and a list of performance criteria for the different communication links used are addressed, especially focusing on the satellite link. Then an adaptive air interface which is designed to meet the performance constraints of bidirectional satellite communication links in an emergency situation in Ku/Ka/Q/V bands where when strong channel impairments occur is described and analysed.

  • Multi-Service Group Key Management for High Speed Wireless Mobile Multicast Networks

    Appears in:
    mca 15(6): e4

    Authors:
    Trust T. Mapoka, Yousef A.S Dama, Raed A. Abd-Alhameed, Haider M. Al Sabbagh, Simon J. Shepherd

    Downloads:
    1999

    Abstract:
    Recently there is a high demand from the Internet Service Providers to transmit multimedia services over high speed wireless networks. These networks are characterized by high mobility receivers which perform frequent handoffs across homogenous and heterogeneous access networks while maintaining seamless connectivity to the multimedia services. In order to ensure secure delivery of multimedia services to legitimate group members, the conventional cluster based group key management (GKM) schemes for securing group communication over wireless mobile multicast networks have been proposed. However, they lack efficiency in rekeying the group key in the presence of high mobility users which concurrently subscribe to multiple multicast services that co-exist in the same network. This paper proposes an efficient multi-service group key management scheme (SMGKM) suitable for high mobility users which perform frequent handoffs while participating seamlessly in multiple multicast services. The users are expected to drop subscriptions after multiple cluster visits hence inducing huge key management overhead due to rekeying the previously visited cluster keys. The already proposed multi-service SMGKM system with completely decentralised authentication and key management functions is adopted to meet the demands for high mobility environment with the same level of security. Through comparisons with existing GKM schemes and simulations, SMGKM shows resource economy in terms of reduced communication and less storage overheads in a high speed environment with multiple visits.
Publisher
EAI
ISSN
2032-9504
Number of Volumes
7
Last Published
2023-06-22
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