EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web

EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web is an open access, peer-reviewed scholarly journal focused on cross-section topics related to IT and Energy. The journal publishes research articles, review articles, commentaries, editorials, technical articles, and short communications with a bi-monthly frequency (six issues per year). Authors are not charged for article submission and processing.

Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ghazanfar Safdar and Iosif Breido

Aims & Scope
Announcements
Indexing
Editors in Chief
Editorial Board

With ICT pervading everyday objects and infrastructures, the ‘Future Internet’ is envisioned to undergo a radical transformation from how we know it today (a mere communication highway) into a vast hybrid network seamlessly integrating knowledge, people and machines into techno-social ecosystems whose behaviour transcends the boundaries of today’s engineering science. As the internet of things continues to grow, billions and trillions of data bytes need to be moved, stored and shared. The energy thus consumed and the climate impact of data centers are increasing dramatically, thereby becoming significant contributors to global warming and climate change. As reported recently, the combined electricity consumption of the world’s data centers has already exceeded that of some of the world's top ten economies. In the ensuing process of integrating traditional and renewable energy, monitoring and managing various energy sources, and processing and transferring technological information through various channels, IT will undoubtedly play an ever-increasing and central role. Several technologies are currently racing to production to meet this challenge, from ‘smart dust’ to hybrid networks capable of controlling the emergence of dependable and reliable green and energy-efficient ecosystems – which we generically term the ‘energy web’ – calling for major paradigm shifts highly disruptive of the ways the energy sector functions today.

The EAI Transactions on Energy Web are positioned at the forefront of these efforts and provide a forum for the most forward-looking, state-of-the-art research bringing together the cross section of IT and Energy communities. The journal will publish original works reporting on prominent advances that challenge traditional thinking.

Mikhail Medvedev (Southern Federal University, Russia)
Vladimir Dyo (University of Bedfordshire, UK)
Andrey Mazalov (South Federal University, Russia)
Elena Gebel (Omsk State Technical University, Russia)
Irina Semykina (T. F. Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University, Russia)
Vyacheslav Potekhin (Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia)
Sabu Thampi (Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management-Kerala (IIITM-K), India)
Baozhi Chen (Rutgers University, USA)
Manik Sharma (DAV University, India)
Amando P. Singun JR. (University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Muscat, Oman)
Irina Semykina (Sevastopol State University, Russia)
Chi-Hua Chen (Fuzhou University, China)
Vitor Monteiro (University of Minho, Portugal)
Joao L. Afonso (University of Minho, Portugal)
Abdul Shabeer (IBM India Pvt Ltd, Chennai, India)
Anandakumar H (Sri Eshwar College of Engineering, India)
Marta Chinnici (ENEA, Italy)
Howard NJOKU (University of Nigeria, Nigeria)
José Gabriel Oliveira Pinto (University of Minho, Portugal)
P Krishna (VIT University, India)
Jacinth Poornima (Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology, India)
Karthikumar S (Anna University)
Duckki Lee (Yonam Institute of Technology, South Korea)
A. Hnatov (Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University, Ukraine)
Dr. P. Karthikeyan (Jain University, India)

IM MEMORIAM: IOSIF BREIDO (1947 - 2021)

We are sad to announce that our co-editor-in-chief of EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web, Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences, and Poet, Breido Iosif Vulfovich, has recently passed away. EAI mourns the loss of a valued member of our community.

Ghazanfar Safdar¹

Ghazanfar A. Safdar received his B.Sc Hons. in Electrical Engineering from University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistan, and his M.Eng in Computer Science and Telecommunications from ENSIMAG, INPG, France. He was awarded a PhD from Queen’s University Belfast, UK, in 2005 for his work in the area of power-saving MAC protocols for the IEEE 802.11 family of wireless LANs. Moreover, he has worked as Research Fellow at Queen’s University Belfast on a project related to Wireless Networks security funded by EPSRC grant EP/C006976/1. Currently, he is working as Senior Lecturer in Computer Networking at the University of Bedfordshire, UK. His research interests mainly include cognitive radio networks, energy saving MAC protocols, security protocols for wireless networks, LTE networks, interference mitigation, device-to-device communications, network modelling and performance analysis. He has also worked as R&D Engineer with Carrier Telephone Industries (SIEMENS), Pakistan, and Schlumberger, France.

Iosif Breido²

Iosif Breido received the engineering degree from the Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute (USSR) in 1971. He served as a navy officer in the Pacific fleet. He worked in the Karaganda Department of the Institute of mining. In 1983 he received the academic degree of candidate of technical sciences for his work in the field of controlled electric drive of conveyors in coal mines. In 1996 he received the degree of doctor of technical Sciences, at the Ural mining and geological Academy (Yekaterinburg, Russia) for research in the field of dynamics of controlled multi-motor electric drives of mining machines, interconnected through the working body. He participated in the creation and modernization of thyristor electric drives of conveyors, coal combines, aggregates of metallurgical production. In recent years, he directs the establishment of systems for protection and diagnostics of electrical equipment and high-voltage transmission lines, including systems remote Internet monitoring with the use of different telemetry channels in the conditions of strong interference from induced electromagnetic fields.

1: University of Bedfordshire, UK
2: Karaganda State Technical University

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Detection of Potholes on Roads using a Drone
Appears in:
ew 18: e28

Authors:
HemaMalini B.H, Akshay Padesur, Manoj Kumar V, Atish Shet

Published:
19th Oct 2021

Abstract:
Locating potholes and repairing them is essential, but it has always been a time consuming task for the authorities. This paper presents a way that can help the authorities speed up the pothole detection process by the use of a camera-enabled Unmanned Aerial Veh…Locating potholes and repairing them is essential, but it has always been a time consuming task for the authorities. This paper presents a way that can help the authorities speed up the pothole detection process by the use of a camera-enabled Unmanned Aerial Vehicle drone. The system is further enabled with a geo-tag and reports the presence of a pothole to the central database which is accessible by the relevant authorities and the common road users. The potholes are located on an
open-source map, through which the users using the road can take caution. This increases public safety and helps the concerned authorities take action faster. The model is trained with YOLOv3 algorithm to even detect potholes filled with water, and distinguish potholes from dark road patches, and etc. The results show good accuracy of 85% in detecting the potholes with a low false-negative and false-positive rate.
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Sustainability of driver remuneration in the context of labour mobility
Appears in:
ew 18: e27

Authors:
Milos Poliak, Adela Poliakova, Kristian Culik

Published:
25th Aug 2021

Abstract:
The contribution deals with the problem of labour mobility in the field of road transport and driver’s remuneration. There is a valid free movement of goods and labour in the European Union. There is employed a lot of drivers in companies in other countries of the European Union in the field of…The contribution deals with the problem of labour mobility in the field of road transport and driver’s remuneration. There is
a valid free movement of goods and labour in the European Union. There is employed a lot of drivers in companies in other
countries of the European Union in the field of road transport. Through the implementation of national specifications, mainly
minimal wage, the member states are limiting the common free market. In the first part, the contribution identifies problems
of common market depending on drivers’ remuneration. An undesirable result of national specifications is letterbox transport
companies uprising. In order to reduce costs, such companies pay not only taxes but also driver insurance. The next part of
the paper deals with the own research of driver remuneration carried out. An aim of this contribution is to prove that the
sustainability of the free market in the European Union is possible only if no national protection measures for own transporters are accepted.
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A Power Efficient Based DC to DC Converter Using SCC
Appears in:
ew 18: e26

Authors:
S. Anusooya, P. K. Jawahar

Published:
25th Aug 2021

Abstract:
Scaling is one of the most important aspects and is considered for designing digital circuits. With the help of scaling techniques, it can integrate more features into the chip for optimization of actual circuit space. But the main drawback of this scaling is short channel eff…Scaling is one of the most important aspects and is considered for designing digital circuits. With the help of scaling techniques, it can integrate more features into the chip for optimization of actual circuit space. But the main drawback of
this scaling is short channel effects. And also as the technology shrinks, the leakage power plays a crucial role compared to dynamic power consumption. To avoid leakage power, the proposed design technology is used for the optimization of power and for avoiding short channel effects. To further reduce power consumption, the CMOS technology is replaced with transmission gates in switched-capacitor converter circuits and GDI Technique while generating clock signals in the circuit for operations.
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Classification of Separation Equipment by Design and Technological Features
Appears in:
ew 18: e25

Authors:
Vitalii Ivanov, Ivan Pavlenko, Dagmar Caganova, Oleksandr Liaposhchenko, Maryna Demianenko, Yevhenii Lobov, Oleksandr Golokhvost

Published:
18th Aug 2021

Abstract:
Production range increasing causes many obstacles to ensure the work of the chemical industry. Production must respond quickly to the slightest change and must be customer-oriented. Due to this, there is a general trend towards increasing production flexibility by introducing …Production range increasing causes many obstacles to ensure the work of the chemical industry. Production must respond quickly to the slightest change and must be customer-oriented. Due to this, there is a general trend towards increasing production flexibility by introducing modular systems. Thus, there is a need to classify existing solutions to develop flexible systems based on them. The article contains the analysis of chemical industry development tendencies, a methodology of research of modular separation devices, and their classification by design and technological features. The study result is a design and technological classification with a code that can optimize various separation devices. As a result of experimental research, preliminary and acceptance tests of experimental samples, the main hydrodynamic and separation characteristics of modular separation devices and combined multifunctional separators are determined: hydraulic resistance 0.15–2.00 kPa for units and 15–30 kPa for devices; effective capture of particles from the size of 5 μm; efficiency of separate stages of modular separation devices is about 70–90 %; efficiency of combined multifunctional
separators is approximately 99.5–99.9 %. The offered multipurpose separators equipped with dynamically regulated modular separation devices do not concede to world analogs by the main technical characteristics of combined multistage
separators worldwide.
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The reduction of emission production of small heat-sources for solid-based fuels by applying control mechanisms
Appears in:
ew 18: e24

Authors:
Michal Holubčík, Jozef Jandačka, Miriam Nicolanská

Published:
18th Aug 2021

Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: Production of emissions from small heat sources burning solid fuels in households in Slovakia is relatively high. At the present time, the operation of such devices are neither controlled nor regulated properly and effectively. OBJECTIVES: This work presents a research analysis o…INTRODUCTION: Production of emissions from small heat sources burning solid fuels in households in
Slovakia is relatively high. At the present time, the operation of such devices are neither controlled nor
regulated properly and effectively.

OBJECTIVES: This work presents a research analysis of current monitoring and maintenance procedures and certified norms for all solid-fuel small-scale heating systems utilized in households.

METHODS: The research compared data from over 13 countries in the European Union, evaluating
information regarding certified emission limits, efficiency levels, normalized monitoring procedures for both, fuel standards and heating system performance. A proposition is therefore presented for a new monitoring and inspection guide for solid-fuel heating systems in Slovak Republic households, where regulations, such as Ecodesign or the EN 305-5, were integrated.

RESULTS: Using a mathematical-statistical model, the implementation of the proposed regulations brings an emission saving of almost 140 tons per 10,000 inhabitants for both central and local heating systems.

CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated substantial opportunity in decreasing operation cost, prolongation
of product lifetime, and last but not least, the reduction of health risks of local citizens.
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Ensuring the Reliability of Functioning of Non-Addressed Fire Alarm
Appears in:
ew 18: e23

Authors:
Taras Terletskyi, Oleh Kaidyk, Anatolii Tkachuk, Oleg Zabolotnyi, Dagmar Cagáňová

Published:
18th Aug 2021

Abstract:
One of the ways that is aimed at reducing losses from fires is to detect a fire at the initial stage of its occurrence, which can be most effectively carried out only with the help of fire automation systems. The latter includes information and measurement systems (IMS) of fire al…One of the ways that is aimed at reducing losses from fires is to detect a fire at the initial stage of its occurrence, which can be most effectively carried out only with the help of fire automation systems. The latter includes information and measurement systems (IMS) of fire alarm systems, which are part of the fire detectors. Fire alarms (FA) are triggered by the appearance of primary signs of fire, transmitting a signal to the fire alarm control and indicating equipment (FACIE) through the appropriate loop. The FACIE processes these signals and forms commands for further actions, for example, sending alarm signals (sound and/or light) by fire alarms to warn people of danger, transmitting alarm notifications to the fire station and/or centralized fire monitoring console, as well as enabling and/or disabling certain equipment or engineering systems (including fire protection systems). Fire alarm loops (FAL) are electrical circuits that connect the output links of the FA, which include auxiliary remote radio elements and conductors, and are intended not only for issuing notifications about their status to the FACIE, but also for supplying power to these detectors. The reliability of the functioning of such IMS directly depends on the correct choice, according to the appropriate methods, of the nominal value of auxiliary hinged elements of loops, problems that arise during the use of equipment from different manufacturers.
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Optimal Generation Dispatch of Ethiopian Power System Using Hybrid Genetic Algorithm-Hopfield Neural Network
Appears in:
ew 18: e22

Authors:
Shewit Tsegaye, Getachew Bekele

Published:
13th Aug 2021

Abstract:
In this paper, an optimal generation dispatch of the Ethiopian power system using a hybrid Genetic Algorithm-Hopfield Neural Network (GA-HNN) is presented to reduce recursive blackouts. Reformulation of generation dispatch for a power grid comprising biomass, hydro, solar, wa…In this paper, an optimal generation dispatch of the Ethiopian power system using a hybrid Genetic Algorithm-Hopfield
Neural Network (GA-HNN) is presented to reduce recursive blackouts. Reformulation of generation dispatch for a power grid
comprising biomass, hydro, solar, waste to energy plant, wind and geothermal have been carried out. Each of these sources
requires a mathematical formulation that considers security limits and intermittency of renewables. Modelling and simulation
was conducted on MATLAB. According to the simulation results obtained, it can be deduced that GA-HNN based optimal
generation dispatch of Ethiopian power system is a key solution in connection to developments needed in the adoption and
realization of smarter grids as it concurrently increases its security level and decreases total generation cost. Generally, reducing the number of recursive blackouts, decreasing generation cost, allocating optimal generation level, and reducing computation time are prospects of employing GA-HNN based OGD.
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Energy Efficient Medical Data Dimensionality Reduction using Optimized Principal Component Analysis
Appears in:
ew 18: e21

Authors:
S. Gnana Sophia, K. K. Thanammal, S. S. Sujatha

Published:
6th Aug 2021

Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: The method of minimizing the number of random variables or attributes from the enormous data set is the reduction of dimensionality. The space available for storing the database is therefore minimized by decreasing the scale of the features. OBJECTIVES: The PCA algorithm is …INTRODUCTION: The method of minimizing the number of random variables or attributes from the enormous data set is the reduction of dimensionality. The space available for storing the database is therefore minimized by decreasing the scale
of the features.

OBJECTIVES: The PCA algorithm is used to achieve dimensional reduction by deep learning to recover image characteristics. This approach is designed to reduce the dimensionality of such datasets, improve interpretability while minimizing the loss of information.

METHODS: The dimensionality reduction of the method by using optimized PCA algorithm. The input data set can be reducing the dimension by using PCA algorithm. The tree seed optimization algorithm (TSO) can be utilized to select the
optimal data’s in PCA algorithms. After completing the TSO-PCA the new data set are created by the reduced dimensions.

RESULTS: The input data and images are used to reduce the dimension based on the TSO-PCA algorithms. The simulations for obtaining the results were carried out using python. The results of the feature dimensionality reduction on DIABETES dataset and Indian pines dataset.

CONCLUSION: The best data for the data collection, the TSO algorithm is used and the PCA algorithm is used to minimize the dimensions. The suggested method is better than the existing method compared to the linear, kernel, random basic function, and polynomial for evaluating the outcome and discussion. In order to improve accuracy in future work, we will continue research and try to find more advanced techniques for this problem.
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Linear Regression Model for Estimating Sustainable Generation: A Case Study in Tamil Nadu
Appears in:
ew 18: e20

Authors:
A. Geetha, S. Usha, J. Santhakumar, Amrit Kalash, Harshit Saini, Shashwat Sinha

Published:
8th Jul 2021

Abstract:
This article aims at developing a statistical model for the prediction of DC and AC generated power from the installed PV plant. A proper understanding of the PV plant characteristics is highly in need of predicting the yield based on the solar and atmospheric parameters. Th…This article aims at developing a statistical model for the prediction of DC and AC generated power from the installed PV plant. A proper understanding of the PV plant characteristics is highly in need of predicting the yield based on the solar and atmospheric parameters. This study focusses on investigating the relationship among the factors such as beam and diffused solar radiations, atmospheric temperature and wind speed for predicting the hourly generated powers. The location involved in the investigation is Chennai city, Tamil Nadu state, India. The meteorological data for the selected location is obtained from NREL and using a simple linear regression model prediction equations for DC and AC solar output power was built using Minitab 16.2.1 version. The methodology used has a capability of better correlation coefficient than the other techniques. The developed regression models show R2 value of 99.24% and 99% for DC and AC power and the predicted R2 (Rpred) values obtained are 86.54% and 83.22% for DC and AC power respectively.
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Efficient Power Management in Mobile Computing with Edge Server Offloading Using Multi-Objective Optimization
Appears in:
ew 18: e19

Authors:
P. Anusha, R.V. Siva Balan

Published:
8th Jul 2021

Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: The internet of mobile things is subjected to execute on data centers such as cloudlet, cloud servers and also on devices; it solves the problem of multi-objective optimization and tries to discover active scheduling with low energy consumption, execution time and cost. OBJECTIVES…INTRODUCTION: The internet of mobile things is subjected to execute on data centers such as cloudlet, cloud servers and also on devices; it solves the problem of multi-objective optimization and tries to discover active scheduling with low energy consumption, execution time and cost.

OBJECTIVES: To alleviate the conflicts between the support constraint of ‘smart phones and customers' requests of diminishing idleness as well as extending battery life, it spikes a well-known wave of offloading portable application for execution to brought together server farms, for example, haze hubs and cloud workers.

METHODS: The test to develop the methodology for mobile phones, with enhanced IoT execution in cloud-edge registering. Then, to assess the feasibility of our proposed process, tests and simulations are carried out.

RESULTS: The simulator is used to test the algorithm, and the outcomes show that our calculations can lesser over 18% energy utilization.

CONCLUSION: The optimization approaches using PSO and GA based on simulation data, with the standard genetic algorithm providing the highest overall value for mission offloading in fog nodes using multi-objectives. With the assumption of various workflow models as single and multi-objective in data centers as cloud servers, fog nodes, and within computers, we extracted the analytic results of energy usage, delay efficiency, and cost. Then formulated the multi-objective problem with different constraints and solved it using various scheduling algorithms based on the obtained data.
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Design and Comparison of Performance of DFIG Based Wind Turbine with PID Controller, Fuzzy Controller, Artificial Neural Network and Model Predictive Controller
Appears in:
ew 18: e18

Authors:
K. Naresh, P. Umapathi Reddy, P. Sujatha

Published:
29th Jun 2021

Abstract:
The everyday benefits of environmentally friendly power sources urges to build their use to the bigger degree of whichwind energy is the most accessible asset. This paper presents the plan of multimode hang control methodology based variable speed wind power …The everyday benefits of environmentally friendly power sources urges to build their use to the bigger degree of whichwind energy is the most accessible asset. This paper presents the plan of multimode hang control methodology based variable speed wind power age framework. The multimode hang control procedure improves the framework to work regarding the network framework and furthermore in the independent method of activity. The multimode control methodology utilizes the DC connect voltage regulator to control the DC interface capacitor voltage for working the framework side converter and current regulator to control current and force of the rotor side converter. The control methodology is investigated with the customary regulator like PI regulator, astute regulators like Fuzzy regulator, fake neural organization (ANN) and model prescient regulator (MPC) which predicts the future factors. A correlation has been performed with the previously mentioned various sorts of regulators based breeze power age framework regarding various boundaries. This paper likewise includes examination of various experiments with the previously mentioned regulators. The examination of various experiments with various regulators has been performed utilizing MATLAB 2013a and every one of the outcomes are checked.
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An overview of security issues in Internet of Things based smart environments
Appears in:
ew 18: e17

Authors:
M.V. Hari Vinayak, T. Jarin

Published:
15th Jun 2021

Abstract:
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Internet of Things (IoT) together have the potential to change the whole world into a smart planet. IoT technology has been a huge boon for a clean, green, and sustainable environment. This technology benefits numerous industries by improving …Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Internet of Things (IoT) together have the potential to change the whole world into a smart planet. IoT technology has been a huge boon for a clean, green, and sustainable environment. This technology benefits numerous industries by improving connectivity and reducing energy wastage. IoT has the potential to make our environment more sustainable and help us to reduce pollution all across the globe. But due to limited resources in both these networks, it is very challenging to form a complete secure system. This survey paper examines the various security requirements and attacks possible in WSN and IoT. The paper surveys existing approaches like blockchain, fog/edge computing and machine learning to ensure security of IoT systems. The paper also evaluates the performance of common machine learning algorithms using IoT datasets.
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Energy efficient data aggregation and improved prediction in cooperative surveillance system through Machine Learning and Particle Swarm based Optimization
Appears in:
ew 18: e16

Authors:
Neethu Maria John, Neena Joseph, Nimmymol Manuel, Sruthy Emmanuel, Simy Mary Kurian

Published:
3rd Jun 2021

Abstract:
The present pandemic demands touchless and autonomous, intelligent surveillance system to reduce human involvement. Heterogeneous types of sensors are used to improve the effectiveness of this surveillance system and a cooperative approach of such sensors will make the syste…The present pandemic demands touchless and autonomous, intelligent surveillance system to reduce human involvement. Heterogeneous types of sensors are used to improve the effectiveness of this surveillance system and a cooperative approach of such sensors will make the system further efficient due to variation in users such as corporate office, universities, manufacturing industries etc. The application of effective data aggregation technique on sensors is essential as the energy utilization of the system degrades the lifetime, coverage and computational overhead. The application of bio-inspired optimization technique like Particle Swarm Optimization for scheduling leads to improved performance of the system as the nature of the system is heterogeneous and requirement is multi-objective. Similarly the application of Support vector Machine as a classification and prediction algorithm on the huge data collected periodically makes the system further autonomous and intelligent.
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Early Size and Effort Estimation of Mobile Application Development
Appears in:
ew 18: e15

Authors:
Ziema Mushtaq, Sami Alshmrany, Fahad Alturise, Tamim Alkhalifah

Published:
31st May 2021

Abstract:
With the increased complexity in mobile applications, many challenges and issues emerged for the software project management team to develop mobile application effectively and accurately. Effort estimation is one of the most critical issues the Software management pr…With the increased complexity in mobile applications, many challenges and issues emerged for the software project management team to develop mobile application effectively and accurately. Effort estimation is one of the most critical issues the Software management project team faces in general, and the mobile application development team in specific. Effort estimation helps to approximate the cost required for successful software application development. The mobile application is distinct in various aspects from the traditional software and web-based applications. There is a need for a specific methodology to be followed for accurate estimation of size and efforts. This research aims to review the effectiveness of COSMIC and Machine Learning techniques in performing mobile effort estimation and propose a hybrid approach for efficient mobile effort estimation. This research work's mains represent the methodology followed to achieve the input parameters and mobile applications' efforts using a tailor-made approach. The significance of this research work is to propose a framework that will help both researchers and mobile application estimators approximate the efficient efforts precisely.
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Sparrow Search Algorithm-based Resource Management in Internet of Things (IoT)
Appears in:
ew 18: e14

Authors:
S. Karthick, N. Gomathi

Published:
13th May 2021

Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: The principle of Internet of Things (IoT) completely concentrates on integrating heterogeneous entities for establishing seamless cooperation among virtual and physical entities. IoT has facilitated a paradigm shift of the Internet from collaborating networks to physical …INTRODUCTION: The principle of Internet of Things (IoT) completely concentrates on integrating heterogeneous entities for establishing seamless cooperation among virtual and physical entities. IoT has facilitated a paradigm shift of the Internet from collaborating networks to physical world interaction. The IoT devices are potent in sensing, processing, communicating and data storing that are derived from the physical world. The majority of the IoT applications are considered to be pervasive in characteristics and face huge challenges due to unattended IoT devices and constrained resources.

OBJECTIVES: The proposed Sparrow Search Algorithm-based Resource Management (SSARM) targets on the potential assignment of resources to gateways in an IoT environment with better establishment in maintaining the tradeoff between intensification and diversification. It concentrates on the reduction of total data transmission cost in the IoT environment.

METHODS: In this paper, Sparrow Search Algorithm-based Resource Management (SSARM) is proposed based on the inspired by the foraging, group wisdom and anti-predation characteristics of sparrow for potential assignment of multiple resources to gateways in IoT. This SSARM balances the degree of exploitation and exploration in the optimization search space to an acceptable level.

RESULTS: The simulation results of this proposed SSARM confirmed better throughput of 23.82%, reduced delay of 18.21% and minimized energy consumption of 20.28% when compared to the existing schemes.

CONCLUSION: This SSARM offers better accuracy in stability, convergence rate, precision in searching and preventing the value of local point of optimality.
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Framework for Tree Crown Delineation from Panchromatic Images
Appears in:
ew 18: e13

Authors:
Yuva Krishna Aluri, Naveen V S S Kanuri, Marlapalli Krishna, Rambabu Busi, S Mohanbabu Chowdary, Bandlamudi S B P Rani

Published:
29th Apr 2021

Abstract:
In this paper we developed a Framework for Delineation of Trees to discover the tree of urban areas. Individual tree crown extraction is important for urban forest inventory. Earlier some research studies were done which primarily deal with particular tree crown or tree specie…In this paper we developed a Framework for Delineation of Trees to discover the tree of urban areas. Individual tree crown extraction is important for urban forest inventory. Earlier some research studies were done which primarily deal with particular tree crown or tree species detection. These methods not found the solution for distinguishing trees from their shadows. In our framework we used methods which extract texture-based features from panchromatic images. In the proposed methodology first the input image will undergo with pre-processing where unnecessary distortions like shadows and dark spots etc. were suppressed and then image quality is used by applying enhancement techniques. Output image is segmented to detect boundaries and objects from the image. Finally a framework is developed for delineation of trees. The proposed framework process with shadows of trees and identify the tree effectively from a satellite image.
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Review of Medical Cyber Physical System based Infusion Pump-perception on control strategy
Appears in:
ew 18: e12

Authors:
J.V. Alamelu, A. Mythili

Published:
29th Apr 2021

Abstract:
The revolutionary change in recent technologies has dominated the Medical field. Huge medical devices are deployed in hospitals and in-home environment. The innovations of smart medical devices are prominent which can be used in the fully automated and semi- automated environment. For several …The revolutionary change in recent technologies has dominated the Medical field. Huge medical devices are deployed in hospitals and in-home environment. The innovations of smart medical devices are prominent which can be used in the fully automated and semi- automated environment. For several decades, numerous medical devices are designed and utilized effectively. These devices are designed for the past few years, manufactured in micro and nanotechnologies with smart sensing techniques. Such devices are network-enabled and integrated into the cyber world in physical means, leading to a medical cyber physical system. The design, working, and optimal control of smart medical devices are essential. In this paper, the emphasis on the review of infusion pump control mechanism with essential parameters such as drug delivery, flow rate, pump control has been considered.
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The Impact of the Blockchain on Academic Certificate Verification System-Review
Appears in:
ew 18: e11

Authors:
Kumutha K, S. Jayalakshmi

Published:
29th Apr 2021

Abstract:
Blockchain innovation (BT) guarantees benefits in believe capacity, collaboration, organization, identifying proof, validity, and transparency. These solid suggestions for the long run of how to verify the authenticity of academic certificates because a paper-based …Blockchain innovation (BT) guarantees benefits in believe capacity, collaboration, organization, identifying proof, validity, and transparency. These solid suggestions for the long run of how to verify the authenticity of academic certificates because a paper-based certification is fallible to manipulation and susceptible to fraud. This literature review started by collecting a test of basically peer-reviewed sources, as well as an enlightening outline of articles from different other channels to analyse about approximately later approaches, techniques and later patterns on instruction which is being utilized in blockchain innovation on document verification from different sector such as banking , medical records and education system etc. This paper proposes a digital certificate verification blockchain based system employing anowner authentication scheme and time, space of the students are stored as blocks using blockchain technology. A distributed public record with tamper proof and immutable that preserves the state of the document, which creates security in the digital asset. This clearly stated that this technology is required to keep digital assets in secure and any one can access without loss of data and maintained it with minimum cost.
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Experimental analysis of intelligent vehicle monitoring system using Internet of Things (IoT)
Appears in:
ew 18: e10

Authors:
T. Thamaraimanalan, M. Mohankumar, S. Dhanasekaran, H. Anandakumar

Published:
16th Apr 2021

Abstract:
Internet of things is an emerging trend and Wireless sensor networks are embedded with IoT to measure various parameters of a vehicle. Measurements and standards of measurements are the most important stages for measuring an object’s size, length, weight etc., Measuring the weight of small objects …Internet of things is an emerging trend and Wireless sensor networks are embedded with IoT to measure various parameters of a vehicle. Measurements and standards of measurements are the most important stages for measuring an object’s size, length, weight etc., Measuring the weight of small objects does not need much time and efforts, but on the other hand weighing large objects needs lots of time and efforts. A new approach is proposed to monitor the location of the vehicle, engine temperature, tyre pressure, oil level, speed control and load measurement of a vehicle. Even if the device is offline, the logs will be stored in the memory card and it can be used for future analysis. In addition to this theft control is introduced for the security of the vehicle. CC3200 microcontroller is connected with load cell to monitor the total weight of the vehicle and engine temperature is monitored using the temperature sensor. By GPS the location and speed of the vehicle is monitored periodically and the location is uploaded in the cloud environment. Vehicle monitoring with load calculation, anti-theft control and the data acquisition from various sensors incorporated with the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) is collected and processed in the cloud. The proposed framework is effectively adaptable at low cost.
more »
Security Enhancement in Power System Using FACTS Devices and Atom Search Optimization Algorithm
Appears in:
ew 18: e9

Authors:
A Amarendra, L Ravi Srinivas, R Srinivasa Rao

Published:
16th Apr 2021

Abstract:
In power systems, control, system operations are an important and difficult task by enhancing the power systems' security. An enhancement of the security system is done by the optimal location selection of the Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices, for …In power systems, control, system operations are an important and difficult task by enhancing the power systems' security. An enhancement of the security system is done by the optimal location selection of the Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices, for instance, Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC), Interlink Power Flow Controller (IPFC), and Static VAR Compensator (SVC). Therefore, the Atom Search Algorithm (ASO) is utilized to compute the precise optimal placement of the FACTS device. FACTS devices must be in the correct location on the power system to improve system safety. The performances are evaluated by severity index, Line Overload Sensitivity Index (LOSI), voltage, voltage deviation ̧, power loss, fitness function, and the fuel cost with the IEEE 30, IEEE 118, and IEEE 300 bus system. To validate the proposed methodology, it is contrasted with the conventional techniques like Dragonfly Algorithm (DA), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), Jaya, Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA), Grey Wolf Algorithm (GWA), and the Jaya Flower Pollination (JA-FPA) systems.
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Energy Efficient Cognitive Radio Spectrum Sensing for 5G Networks – A Survey
Appears in:
ew 18: e8

Authors:
Suriya Murugan, M. G. Sumithra

Published:
29th Mar 2021

Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: Recently, the role of Artificial Intelligence plays a major role in the communication sector. As the revolution of spectrum and its standards is progressing towards 5G networks and beyond, there is a rapid innovation in design of 5G compatible gadgets in order to incorporate evolving …INTRODUCTION: Recently, the role of Artificial Intelligence plays a major role in the communication sector. As the revolution of spectrum and its standards is progressing towards 5G networks and beyond, there is a rapid innovation in design of 5G compatible gadgets in order to incorporate evolving wireless spectrum standards. Cognitive radio is an intelligent technology that can efficiently handle the radio spectrum usage.

OBJECTIVES: Researchers have been working since its inception to use this revolutionary technology in the management of the radio spectrum for both terrestrial and satellite communication. For 5G networks, research works focus on enabling efficient utilization of its features like extreme broadband, ultra-low latency communication, and ultra reliable connectivity for connected devices.

CONCLUSION: In this paper, energy efficient spectrum sensing schemes and challenges of 5G networks are explored and this review will assist any researcher/service provider/mobile communication sector to quickly select and apply relevant energy efficient spectrum sensing techniques using dynamic intelligent cognitive radio technology to incorporate either Co-operative, Non-Cooperative or Interference based techniques based on their application to show how conventional energy efficient spectrum sensing techniques used in cognitive radio networks can be efficiently applied to 5G terrestrial applications.
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Overview and impact of the renewable energy plants connected to the electrical network in southwest Algeria
Appears in:
ew 18: e7

Authors:
Asma Chabani, Salim Makhloufi, Salah Lachtar

Published:
29th Mar 2021

Abstract:
Many countries have initiated strategies to produce energy from alternative sources, reduce the economic dependence on conventional sources, and limit dioxide carbon emissions. Algeria is one of the countries producing conventional energy sources (petrol and gas), the growing of fossils energy co…Many countries have initiated strategies to produce energy from alternative sources, reduce the economic dependence on conventional sources, and limit dioxide carbon emissions. Algeria is one of the countries producing conventional energy sources (petrol and gas), the growing of fossils energy consumption in Algeria reduces its oil product exports. This paper focuses on a comprehensive view of the global electrical energy situation and exactly the renewable energy sector in Algeria with specific details of the electrical network named Pole InSalih-Adrar-Timimoun (PIAT). Also, three renewable energy centers were revised completely technically, Also, an investigation of the Algerian renewable energy plan in horizons 2030 was attained in this paper.
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Methodology of Presenting the Results of Scientific Research
Appears in:
ew 18: e6

Authors:
V. Migal, Shch. Arhun, A. Hnatov, M. Shuliak, S. Ponikarovska

Published:
29th Mar 2021

Abstract:
The long-term experience that the authors of this article have had as dissertation supervisors, opponents and members of scientific councils has shown that applicants writing dissertations face a serious problem concerning correct presentation of the results. For this reason, the quality …The long-term experience that the authors of this article have had as dissertation supervisors, opponents and members of scientific councils has shown that applicants writing dissertations face a serious problem concerning correct presentation of the results. For this reason, the quality of dissertations decreases significantly whatever high the level of the researchand developments. This work is devoted to solving the indicated problem. The article specifies general requirements to the delivery of the problem and presentation of the research results in dissertations. The methodical recommendations concerning the goal, novelty and conclusions of the dissertation are formalized. The keywords, typical phrases and clarifying words are given to formulate these provisions. The stages of scientific research are indicated. This work will be advantageous not only for working on the dissertation, but also for preparing research reports or writing scientific articles.
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Applying Artificial Intelligence in Forecasting the Output of Industrial Solar Power Plant in Vietnam
Appears in:
ew 18: e5

Authors:
Ninh Nguyen Quang, Linh Bui Duy, Binh Doan Van, Quang Nguyen Dinh

Published:
29th Mar 2021

Abstract:
This paper uses recurrent neural network (Long Short – Term Memory - LSTM network) to build a model to forecast short-term generation capacity of Phong Dien solar power plant, (48 MWp – 35 MWAC) located in Thua Thien Hue Province, Viet Nam, with input fa…This paper uses recurrent neural network (Long Short – Term Memory - LSTM network) to build a model to forecast short-term generation capacity of Phong Dien solar power plant, (48 MWp – 35 MWAC) located in Thua Thien Hue Province, Viet Nam, with input factors including meteorological parameters. The authors conducted experiments to find the optimal structure of the model corresponding to the conditions of the plant and the data collection. Through this model, meteorological forecast data sets from commercial suppliers were used to forecast the plant's output power. The comments about the result as well as the further study direction are analysed and suggested.
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Collision Mitigation algorithm for tracking of RFID based assets in Defence
Appears in:
ew 18: e4

Authors:
C. Hema, Sharmila Sankar

Published:
9th Mar 2021

Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: Asset tracking plays a crucial role in Military warehouses, deploying RFID system will be beneficial. When an RFID reader scans multiple tags in the Military warehouse, the missing tags and redundant tag problem occurs due to the signal interferences. To overcome these issues of missi…INTRODUCTION: Asset tracking plays a crucial role in Military warehouses, deploying RFID system will be beneficial. When an RFID reader scans multiple tags in the Military warehouse, the missing tags and redundant tag problem occurs due to the signal interferences. To overcome these issues of missing tags and redundant tags, we proposed Cuckoo Search-based Clustering Protocol (CSCP) followed by linear classifier algorithm.

OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this paper is reducing the collision problems in military warehouse.

METHODS: In this paper, we propose Cuckoo Search-based Clustering Protocol (CSCP), where cluster heads deleteduplicate data and sends processed data to the base station, Later the TDMA-based graph colouring technique is implemented to prevent reader collision issues in the RFID network. The Linear Classifier algorithm first separates similar data for classification, which in turn reduces the collision occurrence of missing tags and redundant tags.

CONCLUSION: In the RFID deployed military warehouse, cluster head readers are selected, and clusters are created. Readers are scheduled to read information from tags in the cluster using the TDMA-based graph coloring algorithm. The linear classifier algorithm classifies the weapon’s data and filters the redundant weapon’s data in RFID deployed military environment.
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Unsupervised Approach for Email Spam Filtering using Data Mining
Appears in:
ew 18: e3

Authors:
Mehdi Ebady Manaa, Ahmed J. Obaid, Mohammed Hussein Dosh

Published:
9th Mar 2021

Abstract:
The computer networks overwhelm with unwanted emails, which are called spam emails. This email brings financial damage to companies and losses of user reputation. In this paper, the increasing volume of these emails has created the intense need to design and imp…The computer networks overwhelm with unwanted emails, which are called spam emails. This email brings financial damage to companies and losses of user reputation. In this paper, the increasing volume of these emails has created the intense need to design and implement robust anti-spam filtering using the vector space model and Machine Learning (ML). ML algorithms have successfully used to detect and filter spam emails that jeopardize the network resources and consume the bandwidth. The main objective is to apply unsupervised learning M-DBSCAN to classify spam and ham emails. A robust method using the Modified Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (M-DBSCAN) is implemented. The extracted N-representative points from each cluster are applied in the online test. These points represent the cluster objects to detect spherical and non-spherical clusters. These N-representative points are formed from the training step to detect spam email using distance measures. The data set used from the Kaggle website included many objects of ham and spam emails. The results show good performance accuracy with 97.848% in M-DBSCAN compared with 95.918% for standard DBSCAN accuracy and efficient values in false-negative rate, false-positive rate, f-score and online time detection.
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PSO-RBFNN Based Optimal PID Controller and ANFIS Based Coupling for Fruits Drying System
Appears in:
ew 18: e2

Authors:
Priya R Krishnan, Remya Gopalakrishnan, R. Nishanth, Abin John Joseph, Agath Martin, Nidhin Sani

Published:
9th Mar 2021

Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: Preservation of fruits by drying is one of the general and important traditional technique followed by the process industries. An accurate controller of relative humidity and temperature is required for the fruit drying control system, which determines the qu…INTRODUCTION: Preservation of fruits by drying is one of the general and important traditional technique followed by the process industries. An accurate controller of relative humidity and temperature is required for the fruit drying control system, which determines the quality of the dried fruits.

OBJECTIVES: To design optimal Propositional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller based on the Particle Swarm Optimization and Radial Basis Functional Neural Network (PSO-RBFNN) for pineapple drying system.

METHODS: A Propositional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller based on the Particle Swarm Optimization and Radial Basis Functional Neural Network ( PSO-RBFNN) was proposed in this paper for pineapple drying system. Also, the coupling relationship of relative humidity and temperature is more complicated due to the fluctuations and non-linearity in the drying system. An intelligent Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) coupling model is utilized in this paper to access the coupling relationship between relative humidity and temperature.

RESULTS: The proposed control system has been implemented in the MATLAB and results are compared with PID controller, Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) and Fuzzy PID controller for the performance constraints such as settling time, peak over shoot and steady state error.

CONCLUSION: The proposed PSO-RBFNN based PID controller gives better control performance with the highly minimized settling time (42 sec for humidity and 40 sec for temperature) and completely eliminated steady state error and Peak overshoot. Finally, the PSO-RBFNN algorithm based PID controller is concluded as the e ffective system.
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Efficiency enhancement of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells using Gel Polymer Electrolytes
Appears in:
ew 21: e15

Authors:
S.A. Abrol, C. Bhargava, P.K. Sharma

Published:
19th Feb 2021

Abstract:
Sustainable development is the prime criterion for the conservation of natural resources and to keep an environmental balance between conserving natural resources such as coal, gas and oil, which are non-renewable sources of energy, it is necessary to introduce renewable sources of…Sustainable development is the prime criterion for the conservation of natural resources and to keep an environmental balance between conserving natural resources such as coal, gas and oil, which are non-renewable sources of energy, it is necessary to introduce renewable sources of energy such as solar, tidal, wind and geothermal. Solar energy has shown great potential in the last two decades due to Sunlight readily available source. Different photovoltaics like organic and inorganic are developed in the previous several years for power generation in various applications. At present silicon-based solar cells are commercialized as they have shown good conversion efficiency compared to other solar cells and good stability in terms of life. However, the high price and complex fabrication process limit its application. For these reasons, researchers are looking forward to organic photovoltaic cells out of which dye-sensitized solar cell shows good efficiency, low cost of fabrication, and easy process of construction. In this paper, the cost-effective and easy fabrication process is used to fabricate four types of Dye-sensitized solar cell Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) using onion peel dye sensitizer, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and triiodide-based gel polymer electrolyte (GPE). All four Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) have a different ratio of PMMA gel and Triiodide as liquid Electrolyte (LE). Out of these four fabricated DSSC's, the DSSC which has 80:20 liquid and gel solution provided the highest efficiency of range 11.32%. All the dye-sensitized solar cells are tested under the solar luminance of 37.288 mW/cm2. A maximum open-circuit photovoltage of 0.386 V with a fill factor of 0.439 made it the best proto-model to be used for practical applications.
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Contemporary PCA and NBA based Hybrid Cloud Intrusion Detection System
Appears in:
ew 18: e1

Authors:
Sivakami Raja, S. Gokul Pran, N. Pandeeswari, P. Kiruthiga, D. Nithya, G. MuthuPandi

Published:
19th Feb 2021

Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: Cloud computing offers on-demand services, from which consumers can avail networked storage and computer resources. Due to the fact that cloud is accessed through internet, its data are prone to internal and external intrusions. Cloud Intrusion Detection System will…INTRODUCTION: Cloud computing offers on-demand services, from which consumers can avail networked storage and computer resources. Due to the fact that cloud is accessed through internet, its data are prone to internal and external intrusions. Cloud Intrusion Detection System will now be able to classify each pattern of testing dataset as either normal or intrusive and in case of intrusion, it will identify the type of intrusion. By comparing each of these actual results with the expected results of testing dataset. It is strongly observing the inside-activities of a network. Hence, it is suitable for detecting intrusions in cloud environment. OBJECTIVES: Hybrid Cloud Intrusion Detection System can function well for a very huge dataset and it can also detect unknown attacks. To achieve the better performance in the cloud setting by utilizing this Cloud Intrusion Detection System. METHODS: To overcome performance issues, Principal Component Analysis and Network Behaviour Analysis are proposed. RESULTS: The experimental and performance assessment show that the proposed model is well planned, efficient and effective in finding cloud environment intrusions. An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) monitors all incoming and outgoing network activity to identifies any signs of intrusion in your system that could compromise your systems. CONCLUSION: Experiments are performed using a standard benchmark KDD-cup dataset and the findings are addressed. IDS helps the Network Administrator to track down bad guys on the Internet whose very purpose is to bring you r network to a breach point and make it vulnerable to attacks.
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IoT-Chain: Security of things for Pervasive, Sustainable and Efficient Computing using Blockchain
Appears in:
ew 20: e7

Authors:
Mohd Majid Akhtar, Danish Raza Rizvi

Published:
20th May 2020

Abstract:
This paper unfolds the infancy of the exquisite experience of the ‘Internet of Things’. It will address the thrilling potential of the looming opportunity of IoT & will echo the integration of things when harnessed with the bubble of internet. The topic is vulnerable due to handful factors but chie…This paper unfolds the infancy of the exquisite experience of the ‘Internet of Things’. It will address the thrilling potential of the looming opportunity of IoT & will echo the integration of things when harnessed with the bubble of internet. The topic is vulnerable due to handful factors but chiefly improves the insights and will observe exponential rise in the ‘Next generation’. The new rule enchanted for future will be “Anything that can be connected will be connected”. Moreover, cognitive consciousness of people will understand that IoT is the next big thing without procrastinating, in particular. This paradigm will review the implementation and challenges of several domotics technologies and others in general within the communication field and its contribution to the ‘Smart World’, exploring supplementary in fields of healthcare, living culture, transportation and furthermore that collectively rise for the world of Ubiquitous computing or Pervasive computing around us. Pervasive computing in short serves as a meaning where smart devices are connected as network and available all time. By scratching past, we have seen DDoS attack happening in 2016 via botnet attacks & malware from the devices such as IP security cameras, routers, printers. IoT as of now, have taken steps for the security but still lacks for the major part. Blockchain, the revolutionary technology behind the famous Bitcoin, which is cryptographically secured and decentralized, hence, can act as the liberator for the security of IoT devices. Blockchain in short are distributed immutable ledger that maintains the integrity of the network by achieving consensus algorithms like Proof of Work or Proof of Stake. Hence, an attacker won’t be able to take down the IoT devices as easy as it was taken down before and eventually, harder to attack or hack the network. This manuscript discusses the use of Blockchain technology implementation for the security of IoT devices along with the sustainable and energy efficient solution towards the problem stated and addresses the limitations, if any. We also discuss the future prospect for IoT, blockchain and other possible architectures.
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Experimental Validation of an Advanced Load-Shift System Operating as Shunt Active Power Filter
Appears in:
ew 21(34): e11

Authors:
Ana M. C. Rodrigues, Vitor Monteiro, Tiago J. C. Sousa, Tiago Alves, J. G. Pinto, Joao L. Afonso

Published:
23rd Jul 2021

Abstract:
This paper presents a load-shift system with advanced functionalities for the power grid. When compared with the conventional approach, an advanced load-shift system allows the compensation of power quality problems on the power grid side, namely problems relat…This paper presents a load-shift system with advanced functionalities for the power grid. When compared with the
conventional approach, an advanced load-shift system allows the compensation of power quality problems on the power
grid side, namely problems related to current harmonics, current imbalances, and low power factor. The advanced
load-shift system is composed by a bidirectional ac-dc converter to interface the power grid and by a bidirectional dc-dc
converter to interface an energy storage system. Since the main innovation is related with the power grid interface, the
focus of this work is on the analysis of the ac-dc converter, which is based on a three-phase four-leg voltage source
converter. A theoretical study and the details concerning the control algorithm are presented and discussed along the paper.
A laboratory prototype of the advanced load-shift system was developed, and the main details of implementation are
described in the paper. Experimental results obtained with the developed prototype prove that the advanced load-shift
system contributes for the technology progress in this area, validating a new operation concept concerning the power
quality on the power grid side. For all the operation modes, the system operates with high power factor and the currents on
the power grid side are balanced with a low total harmonic distortion and in phase with the respective power grid voltages.
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Unified Systems for Traction and Battery Charging of Electric Vehicles: A Sustainability Perspective
Appears in:
ew 21(34): e10

Authors:
Tiago J. C. Sousa, Vítor Monteiro, Delfim Pedrosa, Luís Machado, João L. Afonso

Published:
23rd Jul 2021

Abstract:
This paper presents an analysis of unified systems for traction and battery charging of electric vehicles (EVs), regarding operation modes and implementation cost, when compared to dedicated systems that perform the same functionalities. Concerning the interface…This paper presents an analysis of unified systems for traction and battery charging of electric vehicles (EVs), regarding
operation modes and implementation cost, when compared to dedicated systems that perform the same functionalities.
Concerning the interface of the EV battery charging system with the power grid, four operation modes are analyzed: (1) grid-to-vehicle (G2V); (2) vehicle-to-grid (V2G); (3) vehicle-to-home (V2H); and (4) vehicle-for-grid (V4G), which, by
using a unified system for traction and battery charging, can be linked both to single-phase and three-phase power grids.
Moreover, a cost estimation is performed for EV unified systems and for dedicated systems that can perform the same
functionalities when connected to the power grid, in order to prove the advantages of the system unification. The cost
estimation is based on two power levels, namely 6 kW (single-phase), related to domestic installations and slow battery
charging, and 50 kW (three-phase), related to industrial installations and fast battery charging. The relevance of unified
systems for traction and battery charging of EVs is proven for single-phase and three-phase power grids both in terms of
operationality and implementation cost.
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Evaluation of Static Synchronous Compensator and Rail Power Conditioner in Electrified Railway Systems Using V/V and Scott Power Transformers
Appears in:
ew 21(34): e9

Authors:
Luis A. M. Barros, Mohamed Tanta, Antonio P. Martins, Joao L. Afonso, J. G. Pinto

Published:
29th Mar 2021

Abstract:
In this paper a comprehensive review of electrified railway systems is carried out, identifying the electric power quality deterioration which may appear due to nonlinear dynamic traction loads. Following this topic, a computational simulation of Static Synchronous Compensator …In this paper a comprehensive review of electrified railway systems is carried out, identifying the electric power quality deterioration which may appear due to nonlinear dynamic traction loads. Following this topic, a computational simulation of Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) and Rail Power Conditioner (RPC) are presented, making a comprehensive analysis of each of these solutions regarding the power quality improvement in electrified railway systems. Four case studies are presented: (i) STATCOM evaluation when a traction power system is fed by a V/V power transformer; (ii) STATCOM evaluation when a traction power system is fed by a Scott power transformer; (iii) RPC evaluation when atraction power system is fed by a V/V power transformer; (iv) RPC evaluation when a traction power system is fed by aScott power transformer.
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Matrix Factorization Based Recommendation System using Hybrid Optimization Technique
Appears in:
ew 21(35): e14

Authors:
P. Srinivasa Rao, T.V. Madhusudhana Rao, Suresh Kurumalla, Bethapudi Prakash

Published:
19th Feb 2021

Abstract:
In this paper, a matrix factorization recommendation algorithm is used to recommend items to the user by inculcating a hybrid optimization technique that combines Alternating Least Squares (ALS) and Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) in the advanced stage and compares the two indi…In this paper, a matrix factorization recommendation algorithm is used to recommend items to the user by inculcating a hybrid optimization technique that combines Alternating Least Squares (ALS) and Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) in the advanced stage and compares the two individual algorithms with the hybrid model. This hybrid optimization algorithm can be easily implemented in the real world as a cold start can be easily reduced. The hybrid technique proposed is set side-by-side with the ALS and SGD algorithms individually to assess the pros and cons and the requirements to be met to choose a specific technique in a specific domain. The metric used for comparison and evaluation of this technique is Mean Squared Error (MSE).
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Evaluation of MPC-based arctan droop control strategy in islanded microgrid
Appears in:
ew 21(35): e13

Authors:
J.D.D. Iyakaremye, G.N. Nyakoe, C.W. Wekesa

Published:
19th Feb 2021

Abstract:
The microgrid (MG) is an emerging technology for supplying energy from renewable energy sources (RES). Due to their intermittent nature, RES require an inverter and smooth operation control system when integrated into an MG. Conventional droop control is commonly used in microgrid control but can…The microgrid (MG) is an emerging technology for supplying energy from renewable energy sources (RES). Due to their intermittent nature, RES require an inverter and smooth operation control system when integrated into an MG. Conventional droop control is commonly used in microgrid control but cannot achieve adequate power-sharing when output impedances of inverters are different; thus, enhancing its performance is required. This paper’s main objective is to design a finite control set model predictive control (FSC-MPC) based arctan droop control and evaluate its performance against the conventional droop control strategy. The proposed control technique guarantees a strong transient response when there is a dynamic load change during MG operation. The results showed that the proposed control strategy ensures proportionate power-sharing of paralleled voltage source inverters with unequal line impedances than the traditional droop controller, which can vary.
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Functional and Engineering Methods of Upgrading the Quality of Induction Traction Electric Motors
Appears in:
ew 21(35): e12

Authors:
V. Mygal, Shch. Arhun, M. Shuliak, A. Hnatov, E. Kalinin, M. Mysiura

Published:
29th Jan 2021

Abstract:
The results of research on the creation of induction traction electric motors (EM), which made it possible to improve their technical, environmental and operational qualities, are presented. The main criterion for assessing the quality of EM were selected vibration levels. The main research m…The results of research on the creation of induction traction electric motors (EM), which made it possible to improve their technical, environmental and operational qualities, are presented. The main criterion for assessing the quality of EM were selected vibration levels. The main research methods were experimental and statistical methods. New technologies for assembling bearing units assemblies and EM as a whole were studied. New design and technological solutions have been developed. The dynamic characteristics of structural vibration damping have been improved by methods of rational distribution of masses, stiffness and distance between supports of bearings. The achieved reduction in vibration levels makes it possible to predict an increase in the resource developed by the EМ by 2-3 times.
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Design, Simulation and Economic Analysis of A Rooftop Solar PV System in Vietnam
Appears in:
ew 21(35): e11

Authors:
Thanh Ba Nguyen, Phuong Hoang Van

Published:
27th Jan 2021

Abstract:
Installing a grid-connected rooftop solar system for a household is an important issue; therefore, there are many factors that need to be considered before the installation is decided. The main factors to be noted are the total cost of the installation, the amount of electricity generated as well a…Installing a grid-connected rooftop solar system for a household is an important issue; therefore, there are many factors that need to be considered before the installation is decided. The main factors to be noted are the total cost of the installation, the amount of electricity generated as well as the government's support policies for the development of solar energy. This article presents the design, simulation and economic analysis of an 8.36kWp grid-connected rooftop solar power project for a household in Thu Dau Mot City, Vietnam. The study calculates the generated electricity, the efficiency of the Photovoltaic(PV) power system, the ability to reduce the amount of CO2 emitted into the environment and the economic indicators of the project. This research is useful for stakeholders investing in residential rooftop solar PV systems and Vietnam’s energy policymakers as well.
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Knowledge Extraction Using Auto Regression Method - A Tourist Information Extraction and Analytics
Appears in:
ew 21(35): e10

Authors:
Arun Manicka Raja M, Sumitha T, Maria Michael Visuwasam L, Rejin Paul N R

Published:
27th Jan 2021

Abstract:
Data analytics is played a vital role in Information Technology and Information Technology essential services ITeS for making effective decisions. The demand for tourism and prediction of tourist arrivals are important for tourism organisation. In this paper, we analyse tourist and …Data analytics is played a vital role in Information Technology and Information Technology essential services ITeS for making effective decisions. The demand for tourism and prediction of tourist arrivals are important for tourism organisation. In this paper, we analyse tourist and extract information using data analytics process. The web data are processed using travellers’ details and applying an aggregate function to calculate the searching index. Here, we use the autoregression analytics method for accurate prediction. The tourist information is recorded and creates a system log for processing and extracting information. The interaction between each record and their logs are used for data processing and analytics model. This paper uses a recommendation system for the data analytics process and compares the results with existing models. Our proposed method provides good and accurate results for tourism organisation.
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Mathematical Modeling and Kinematic analysis of 3-RRR Planar Parallel Manipulator
Appears in:
ew 21(35): e9

Authors:
Shaik Himam Saheb, G. Satish Babu

Published:
27th Jan 2021

Abstract:
Parallel mechanisms are found as positioning platforms in several robot manipulator applications tool manufacturing applications. Today, various types of these mechanisms are classified based on the structure, type of joints, and degree of freedom. An important and basic planar …Parallel mechanisms are found as positioning platforms in several robot manipulator applications tool manufacturing applications. Today, various types of these mechanisms are classified based on the structure, type of joints, and degree of freedom. An important and basic planar mechanism providing three degrees of freedom at the end-effector (movable platform) is a 3-RRR linkage. The forward kinematics in parallel mechanisms is a multi-solution problem and involves cumbersome calculations compared to inverse kinematics. With forward kinematics, the input kinematic parameters for any manipulator are known, and the end effector coordinate must be determined. The kinematic equations are generated with mechanics principles, and Jacobian matrices are formulated, With the Jacobian matrix, the regular workspace and dexterous workspace analysis calculated. The main objective is to fabricate a model of this planar manipulation mechanism with calculated dimensions and observe the practical workspace and dexterous workspace available at the end effector. The practical workspace and calculated workspace is presented in this paper. This final output data is useful for manipulator designers to design manipulators for different applications. In addition to this, the stress analysis is performed with Ansys software’s help to estimate the moving platform’s failure zone.
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Sentence Semantic Similarity Model Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Appears in:
ew 21(35): e8

Authors:
Karthiga M, Sountharrajan S, Suganya E, Sankarananth S

Published:
25th Jan 2021

Abstract:
In Natural Language Processing, determining the semantic likeness between sentences is an important research area. For example, there exists many possible semantics for a word (polysemy), and the synonym of the word differs. Double LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) working at same time on d…In Natural Language Processing, determining the semantic likeness between sentences is an important research area. For example, there exists many possible semantics for a word (polysemy), and the synonym of the word differs. Double LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) working at same time on double phrase sequences model is projected to overcome the solitary sequence problem. Furthermore, with the goal of overcoming the second issue, as indicated by the qualities of English dialect, we utilized the British corpus semantic similarity datasets structured by specialists to prepare, and validate the technique. During the training process the stopwords were reserved for use. Convolution Neural Network and Semantic Likeness model based on grammar are used to compare the results of our projected representation. The outcomes demonstrate that the proposed methodology is more prominent than the previous approaches by means of precision, recall rate, accuracy etc., along with the enhanced generalization potential of the neural network.
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Calculation of the Levelised Cost of Electrical Energy Storage for Short-Duration Application. LCOS Sensitivity Analysis
Appears in:
ew 19(21): e2

Authors:
Vikenty Melnikov, Gleb Nesterenko, Anton Potapenko, Dmitry Lebedev

Downloads:
3497

Abstract:
This paper research the issues of economic comparison of electrical energy storage systems based on the levelised cost of storage (LCOS). One of the proposed formulas for LCOS calculation was given, the parameters to be considered and the basic principles of their calculation were examined in detai…This paper research the issues of economic comparison of electrical energy storage systems based on the levelised cost of storage (LCOS). One of the proposed formulas for LCOS calculation was given, the parameters to be considered and the basic principles of their calculation were examined in detail. The LCOS was calculated for an electrical energy storage system, whose main function is to compensate for rapid changes in load power. LCOS sensitivity to changes in variables was analysed. The scope of potential application of the formula under consideration was specified, and the limitations preventing its wider use were indicated.
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Capacity Enhancement and Voltage Stability Improvement of Power Transmission Line by Series Compensation
Appears in:
ew 19(23): e3

Authors:
Md. Raihan-Al-Masud, Md. Minarul Islam, Md. Shahriar Hasan, Prajoy Podder

Downloads:
2178

Abstract:
To install a new infrastructure of a power transmission line is not only costly but also time-consuming, and it also have some harmful impact on our environment and therefore existing transmission infrastructure is important to use effectively. FACTS is a popular solution to utilize this existing p…To install a new infrastructure of a power transmission line is not only costly but also time-consuming, and it also have some harmful impact on our environment and therefore existing transmission infrastructure is important to use effectively. FACTS is a popular solution to utilize this existing power transmission system by using series compensation by means of the series capacitor to enhance the power transmission capacity as well as voltage stability. This paper explores the utilization of series capacitor applying to the power grid of Eastern part of Bangladesh. For doing this we have considered the analytical calculation of 10% to 85% compensation of that power line. As a result, we have observed that the power transfer capacity has been enhanced about 37 times and it also improve the voltage stability, when the compensation ration is 85%. We consider our calculation mathematically and represent the load curve and voltage profile by plotting in Matlab.
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Improved Prediction of Wind Speed using Machine Learning
Appears in:
ew 19(23): e2

Author:
Senthil Kumar P

Downloads:
1982

Abstract:
The prediction of wind speed plays a significant role in wind energy systems. An accurate prediction of wind speed is more important for wind energy systems, but it is difficult due to its uncertain nature. This paper presents three artificial neural networks namely, Back Propagation Network (BPN),…The prediction of wind speed plays a significant role in wind energy systems. An accurate prediction of wind speed is more important for wind energy systems, but it is difficult due to its uncertain nature. This paper presents three artificial neural networks namely, Back Propagation Network (BPN), Radial Basis Function (RBF) and Nonlinear AutoRegressive model process with eXogenous inputs (NARX) with Mutual Information (MI) feature selection for wind speed prediction. The MI feature selection identifies the significant features and reduces the complexity of wind speed prediction model without loss of information content. The performance of prediction model is evaluated in terms of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The results show that the performance of all three neural network models are highly satisfied. Moreover, NARX model with mutual information feature selection is more accurate in dealing with wind speed prediction.
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Solar Tilt Angle Optimization of PV Systems for Different Case Studies
Appears in:
ew 19(23): e7

Author:
Hasan N. Muslim

Downloads:
1851

Abstract:
The evolution of solar photovoltaic systems (PV) in the last decade has been marvellous around the world. This growing in using of PV technique hinge on the electrical load profile that required to be covered and the rate of the electricity that can be generated from the areas where the solar cells…The evolution of solar photovoltaic systems (PV) in the last decade has been marvellous around the world. This growing in using of PV technique hinge on the electrical load profile that required to be covered and the rate of the electricity that can be generated from the areas where the solar cells to be installed. The production of PV systems is based on the fuel which is represented by the solar radiation. In this study, an algorithm has been proposed to optimize the solar tilt angle based on MATLAB software (m-file) in order to maximize the PV generation. Monthly and annually optimal tilt angles are suggested for different case studies those are: Najaf, California and New Delhi. Also, the estimation of solar radiation for each month is calculated according to their optimal tilt angles. The obtained results indicate that the yearly gain of solar radiation from orientation solar panels is approximately 18% for Najaf city and a high gain values for winter months with very small energy gains for summery months, and so on for other case studies. This proposed algorithm is general program and can be applied for any site on the earth by changing the latitude and longitude of the desired area.
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Classification of Vehicle Types in Car Parks using Computer Vision Techniques
Appears in:
ew 15(7): e5

Authors:
Chadly Marouane, Lorenz Schauer, Philipp Bauer

Downloads:
1342

Abstract:
The growing population of big cities has led to certain issues, such as overloaded car parks. Ubiquitous systems can help to increase the capacity through an efficient usage of existing parking slots. In this case, cars are recognized during the entrance phases in order to guide them automatically …The growing population of big cities has led to certain issues, such as overloaded car parks. Ubiquitous systems can help to increase the capacity through an efficient usage of existing parking slots. In this case, cars are recognized during the entrance phases in order to guide them automatically to a proper slot for space-saving reasons. Prior to this step, it is necessary to determine the size of vehicles. In this work, we analyze different methods for vehicle classification and size measurement using the existing hardware of car parks. Computer vision techniques are applied for extracting information out of video streams of existing security cameras. For streams with lower resolution, a method is introduced figuring out width and height of a car with the help of reference objects. For streams with a higher resolution, a second approach is applied using face recognition algorithms and a training database in order to classify car types. Our evaluation of a real-life scenario at a major German airport showed a small error deviation of just a few centimeters for the fist method. For the type classification approach, an applicable accuracy of over 80 percent with up to 100 percent in certain cases have been achieved. Given these results, the performed methods show high potentials for a suitable determination of vehicles based on installed security cameras.
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MAC Layer Design for Network-Enabled Visible Light Communication Systems Compliant with IEEE 802.15.7
Appears in:
ew 17(14): e5

Authors:
Trio Adiono, Syifaul Fuada, Muhamad Luthfi, Rosmianto Aji Saputro

Downloads:
1312

Abstract:
The design and implementation of medium access control (MAC) layer for network-enabled visible light communication (VLC) system is presented in this paper. The point-to-point link was chosen because of its simple in configuration as well as implementation. Whereas the FPGA Zybo Zynq-7000 is employe…The design and implementation of medium access control (MAC) layer for network-enabled visible light communication (VLC) system is presented in this paper. The point-to-point link was chosen because of its simple in configuration as well as implementation. Whereas the FPGA Zybo Zynq-7000 is employed for prototyping the hardware of VLC system because of it serve a Linux operating system (OS), i.e. Xillinux. Our MAC layer has been realized in Python programming and running above the Zynq-7000 processor. The designed MAC Layer is adapted from IEEE 802.15.7 standard, specifically for delivering and receiving the MAC frames from the coordinator to the device or vice versa, wrapping the IP packets and unwrapping the MAC Frames with MAC headers and trailers, and performing the error detection in which the cyclic redundant check 16 (CRC-16) was selected. According to the functionality test, our proposed VLC system can perform to send the multimedia contents (video and image) as well as data packet for internet accessing purpose like a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) connectivity. Thus, it can be concluded that the implemented MAC layer has met the functionality specifications referred to the IEEE 802.15.7 standard. We also provide the Pseudo-code of designed MAC layer and its Python script (source-code) implementation that can be found in the Appendix section.
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Green Communications: Techniques and Challenges
Appears in:
ew 17(14): e4

Authors:
Nabeel Ahmed Malik, Masood Ur-Rehman

Downloads:
1286

Abstract:
Green technology has drawn a huge amount of attention with the development of the modern world. Similarly with the development in communication technology the industries and researchers are focusing to make this communication as green as possible. In cellular technology the evolution of 5G is the n…Green technology has drawn a huge amount of attention with the development of the modern world. Similarly with the development in communication technology the industries and researchers are focusing to make this communication as green as possible. In cellular technology the evolution of 5G is the next step to fulfil the user demands and it will be available to the users in 2020. This will increase the energy consumption by which will result in excess emission of co2. In this paper different techniques for the green communication technology and some challenges are discussed. These techniques include device-to-device communication (D2D), massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems, heterogeneous networks (HetNets) and Green Internet of Things (IoT).
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Incident Management of Information Technology in the Indonesia Higher Education based on COBIT Framework: A Review
Appears in:
ew 19(22): e3

Author:
Syifaul Fuada

Downloads:
1280

Abstract:
Nowadays, implementing the IT management in Indonesia Higher Education (HE) has been an integral part of institution management and all business functions, starting from teaching & learning, academic information system, administration & payment system, registration of student’s admission and so on.…Nowadays, implementing the IT management in Indonesia Higher Education (HE) has been an integral part of institution management and all business functions, starting from teaching & learning, academic information system, administration & payment system, registration of student’s admission and so on. Handling incident response is an IT management and evaluation activity that must be done by the HE in Indonesia. Because, this activity is used to control the business sustainability and help perform attempts of betterment. To this matter, a standardized guideline is required so that the management of handling incidents in the HE environment can be performed effectively and efficiently. COBIT framework version 4 has four domains with 34 processes, while the version 5 has five domains with 37 processes. The process of handling incidents in COBIT 5 is discussed in the DSS02 process, namely Manage Service Request, and Incident of DSS domain. Meanwhile, COBIT 4 is discussed in the DS8 process, namely Manage Service Desk and Incidents. This paper reviews the status of management of handling IT incidents in Indonesia HE limited from 2010 to 2016.
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Real-Time Simulation Technique of a Microgrid Model for DER Penetration
Appears in:
ew 14(2): e2

Authors:
Konstantina Mentesidi, Evangelos Rikos, Vasilis Kleftakis

Downloads:
1192

Abstract:
Comprehensive analysis of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) integration requires tools that provide computational power and flexibility. In this context, throughout this paper PHIL simulations are performed to emulate the energy management system of a real microgrid including a diesel synchronous …Comprehensive analysis of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) integration requires tools that provide computational power and flexibility. In this context, throughout this paper PHIL simulations are performed to emulate the energy management system of a real microgrid including a diesel synchronous machine and inverter-based sources. Moreover, conventional frequency and voltage droops were incorporated into the respective inverters. The results were verified at the real microgrid installation in the Centre for Renewable Energy Sources (CRES) premises. This research work is divided into two steps: A) Real time in RSCAD/RTDS and Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) simulations where the diesel generator´s active power droop control is evaluated, the battery inverter´s droop curves are simulated and the load sharing for parallel operation of the system´s generation units is examined. B) microgrid experiments during which various tests were executed concerning the diesel generator and the battery inverters in order to examine their dynamic operation within the LV islanded power system.
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Complex Systems Engineering: designing in sociotechnical systems for the energy transition
Appears in:
ew 17(11): e1

Authors:
J. A. Moncada, E. H. Park Lee, G.D.C. Nava Guerrero, O. Okur, S.T. Chakraborty, Z. Lukszo

Downloads:
1028

Abstract:
The EU has set ambitious targets for an energy transition. While research often focuses on technology, institutions or actors, a transition requires complex coordination and comprehensive analysis and design. We propose a framework accounting for technology, institutions and actors’ perspective to …The EU has set ambitious targets for an energy transition. While research often focuses on technology, institutions or actors, a transition requires complex coordination and comprehensive analysis and design. We propose a framework accounting for technology, institutions and actors’ perspective to design in socio-technical systems. We present its application, firstly, to biodiesel production in Germany; secondly, to vehicle-to-grid contracts in a Car as a Power Plant microgrid. We show how using the framework as the core in modelling can contribute to the performance improvement of these systems. Future work will elaborate on the next generation of thermal energy systems, coordination control of microgrids and implementing flexibility through demand response aggregation. Overall, designing solutions to the problems described calls for comprehensive engineers who look beyond the technical design and deal with multi actor socio-political processes including institutional consideration.
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Publisher: EAI
ISSN: 2032-944X
Number of Volumes: 8

Last Published: 2021-09-23

EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web

Ghazanfar Safdar1

Iosif Breido2

Ghazanfar Safdar¹

Iosif Breido²