EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web

EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web is an open access, peer-reviewed scholarly journal focused on cross-section topics related to IT and Energy. The journal publishes research articles, review articles, commentaries, editorials, technical articles, and short communications with a bi-monthly frequency (six issues per year). Authors are not charged for article submission and processing.

Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ghazanfar Safdar and Albert Lam

Aims & Scope
Announcements
Indexing
Editors in Chief
Editorial Board

With ICT pervading everyday objects and infrastructures, the ‘Future Internet’ is envisioned to undergo a radical transformation from how we know it today (a mere communication highway) into a vast hybrid network seamlessly integrating knowledge, people and machines into techno-social ecosystems whose behaviour transcends the boundaries of today’s engineering science. As the internet of things continues to grow, billions and trillions of data bytes need to be moved, stored and shared. The energy thus consumed and the climate impact of data centers are increasing dramatically, thereby becoming significant contributors to global warming and climate change. As reported recently, the combined electricity consumption of the world’s data centers has already exceeded that of some of the world's top ten economies. In the ensuing process of integrating traditional and renewable energy, monitoring and managing various energy sources, and processing and transferring technological information through various channels, IT will undoubtedly play an ever-increasing and central role. Several technologies are currently racing to production to meet this challenge, from ‘smart dust’ to hybrid networks capable of controlling the emergence of dependable and reliable green and energy-efficient ecosystems – which we generically term the ‘energy web’ – calling for major paradigm shifts highly disruptive of the ways the energy sector functions today.

The EAI Transactions on Energy Web are positioned at the forefront of these efforts and provide a forum for the most forward-looking, state-of-the-art research bringing together the cross section of IT and Energy communities. The journal will publish original works reporting on prominent advances that challenge traditional thinking.

Mikhail Medvedev (Southern Federal University, Russia)
Vladimir Dyo (University of Bedfordshire, UK)
Andrey Mazalov (South Federal University, Russia)
Elena Gebel (Omsk State Technical University, Russia)
Irina Semykina (T. F. Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University, Russia)
Vyacheslav Potekhin (Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia)
Sabu Thampi (Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management-Kerala (IIITM-K), India)
Baozhi Chen (Rutgers University, USA)
Manik Sharma (DAV University, India)
Amando P. Singun JR. (University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Muscat, Oman)
Irina Semykina (Sevastopol State University, Russia)
Chi-Hua Chen (Fuzhou University, China)
Vitor Monteiro (University of Minho, Portugal)
Joao L. Afonso (University of Minho, Portugal)
Abdul Shabeer (IBM India Pvt Ltd, Chennai, India)
Anandakumar H (Sri Eshwar College of Engineering, India)
Marta Chinnici (ENEA, Italy)
Howard NJOKU (University of Nigeria, Nigeria)
José Gabriel Oliveira Pinto (University of Minho, Portugal)
P Krishna (VIT University, India)
Jacinth Poornima (Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology, India)
Karthikumar S (Anna University)
Duckki Lee (Yonam Institute of Technology, South Korea)
A. Hnatov (Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University, Ukraine)
Dr. P. Karthikeyan (Jain University, India)
António Pina Martins (University of Porto, Portugal)
Azween Abdullah (Taylor's University Malaysia, Malaysia)
Vitalii Ivanov (Sumy State University, Ukraine)
Mueen Uddin (UNIVERSITI BRUNEI DARUSSALAM, Brunei Darussalam)
Sebastian Saniuk (Uniwersytet Zielonogórski, Poland)
Seifedine Kadry (Noroff University College, Norway)
Thippa Reddy Gadekallu (VIT University, India)
Kai-Fung CHU (Cranfield University, United Kingdom)
Yue SONG (The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China)

IM MEMORIAM: IOSIF BREIDO (1947 - 2021)

We are sad to announce that our co-editor-in-chief of EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web, Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences, and Poet, Breido Iosif Vulfovich, has recently passed away. EAI mourns the loss of a valued member of our community.

Ghazanfar Safdar¹

Ghazanfar A. Safdar received his B.Sc Hons. in Electrical Engineering from University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistan, and his M.Eng in Computer Science and Telecommunications from ENSIMAG, INPG, France. He was awarded a PhD from Queen’s University Belfast, UK, in 2005 for his work in the area of power-saving MAC protocols for the IEEE 802.11 family of wireless LANs. Moreover, he has worked as Research Fellow at Queen’s University Belfast on a project related to Wireless Networks security funded by EPSRC grant EP/C006976/1. Currently, he is working as Senior Lecturer in Computer Networking at the University of Bedfordshire, UK. His research interests mainly include cognitive radio networks, energy saving MAC protocols, security protocols for wireless networks, LTE networks, interference mitigation, device-to-device communications, network modelling and performance analysis. He has also worked as R&D Engineer with Carrier Telephone Industries (SIEMENS), Pakistan, and Schlumberger, France.

Albert Lam²

University of Hong Kong, HK

1: University of Bedfordshire, UK
2: University of Hong Kong, HK

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Detection of Potholes on Roads using a Drone
Appears in:
ew 18: e4

Authors:
HemaMalini B.H, Akshay Padesur, Manoj Kumar V, Atish Shet

Published:
19th Oct 2021

Abstract:
Locating potholes and repairing them is essential, but it has always been a time consuming task for the authorities. This paper presents a way that can help the authorities speed up the pothole detection process by the use of a camera-enabled Unmanned Aerial Veh…Locating potholes and repairing them is essential, but it has always been a time consuming task for the authorities. This paper presents a way that can help the authorities speed up the pothole detection process by the use of a camera-enabled Unmanned Aerial Vehicle drone. The system is further enabled with a geo-tag and reports the presence of a pothole to the central database which is accessible by the relevant authorities and the common road users. The potholes are located on an
open-source map, through which the users using the road can take caution. This increases public safety and helps the concerned authorities take action faster. The model is trained with YOLOv3 algorithm to even detect potholes filled with water, and distinguish potholes from dark road patches, and etc. The results show good accuracy of 85% in detecting the potholes with a low false-negative and false-positive rate.
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Sustainability of driver remuneration in the context of labour mobility
Appears in:
ew 18: e3

Authors:
Milos Poliak, Adela Poliakova, Kristian Culik

Published:
25th Aug 2021

Abstract:
The contribution deals with the problem of labour mobility in the field of road transport and driver’s remuneration. There is a valid free movement of goods and labour in the European Union. There is employed a lot of drivers in companies in other countries of the European Union in the field of…The contribution deals with the problem of labour mobility in the field of road transport and driver’s remuneration. There is
a valid free movement of goods and labour in the European Union. There is employed a lot of drivers in companies in other
countries of the European Union in the field of road transport. Through the implementation of national specifications, mainly
minimal wage, the member states are limiting the common free market. In the first part, the contribution identifies problems
of common market depending on drivers’ remuneration. An undesirable result of national specifications is letterbox transport
companies uprising. In order to reduce costs, such companies pay not only taxes but also driver insurance. The next part of
the paper deals with the own research of driver remuneration carried out. An aim of this contribution is to prove that the
sustainability of the free market in the European Union is possible only if no national protection measures for own transporters are accepted.
more »
A Power Efficient Based DC to DC Converter Using SCC
Appears in:
ew 18: e2

Authors:
S. Anusooya, P. K. Jawahar

Published:
25th Aug 2021

Abstract:
Scaling is one of the most important aspects and is considered for designing digital circuits. With the help of scaling techniques, it can integrate more features into the chip for optimization of actual circuit space. But the main drawback of this scaling is short channel eff…Scaling is one of the most important aspects and is considered for designing digital circuits. With the help of scaling techniques, it can integrate more features into the chip for optimization of actual circuit space. But the main drawback of
this scaling is short channel effects. And also as the technology shrinks, the leakage power plays a crucial role compared to dynamic power consumption. To avoid leakage power, the proposed design technology is used for the optimization of power and for avoiding short channel effects. To further reduce power consumption, the CMOS technology is replaced with transmission gates in switched-capacitor converter circuits and GDI Technique while generating clock signals in the circuit for operations.
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Classification of Separation Equipment by Design and Technological Features
Appears in:
ew 18: e1

Authors:
Vitalii Ivanov, Ivan Pavlenko, Dagmar Caganova, Oleksandr Liaposhchenko, Maryna Demianenko, Yevhenii Lobov, Oleksandr Golokhvost

Published:
18th Aug 2021

Abstract:
Production range increasing causes many obstacles to ensure the work of the chemical industry. Production must respond quickly to the slightest change and must be customer-oriented. Due to this, there is a general trend towards increasing production flexibility by introducing …Production range increasing causes many obstacles to ensure the work of the chemical industry. Production must respond quickly to the slightest change and must be customer-oriented. Due to this, there is a general trend towards increasing production flexibility by introducing modular systems. Thus, there is a need to classify existing solutions to develop flexible systems based on them. The article contains the analysis of chemical industry development tendencies, a methodology of research of modular separation devices, and their classification by design and technological features. The study result is a design and technological classification with a code that can optimize various separation devices. As a result of experimental research, preliminary and acceptance tests of experimental samples, the main hydrodynamic and separation characteristics of modular separation devices and combined multifunctional separators are determined: hydraulic resistance 0.15–2.00 kPa for units and 15–30 kPa for devices; effective capture of particles from the size of 5 μm; efficiency of separate stages of modular separation devices is about 70–90 %; efficiency of combined multifunctional
separators is approximately 99.5–99.9 %. The offered multipurpose separators equipped with dynamically regulated modular separation devices do not concede to world analogs by the main technical characteristics of combined multistage
separators worldwide.
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Efficiency enhancement of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells using Gel Polymer Electrolytes
Appears in:
ew 21: e15

Authors:
S.A. Abrol, C. Bhargava, P.K. Sharma

Published:
19th Feb 2021

Abstract:
Sustainable development is the prime criterion for the conservation of natural resources and to keep an environmental balance between conserving natural resources such as coal, gas and oil, which are non-renewable sources of energy, it is necessary to introduce renewable sources of…Sustainable development is the prime criterion for the conservation of natural resources and to keep an environmental balance between conserving natural resources such as coal, gas and oil, which are non-renewable sources of energy, it is necessary to introduce renewable sources of energy such as solar, tidal, wind and geothermal. Solar energy has shown great potential in the last two decades due to Sunlight readily available source. Different photovoltaics like organic and inorganic are developed in the previous several years for power generation in various applications. At present silicon-based solar cells are commercialized as they have shown good conversion efficiency compared to other solar cells and good stability in terms of life. However, the high price and complex fabrication process limit its application. For these reasons, researchers are looking forward to organic photovoltaic cells out of which dye-sensitized solar cell shows good efficiency, low cost of fabrication, and easy process of construction. In this paper, the cost-effective and easy fabrication process is used to fabricate four types of Dye-sensitized solar cell Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) using onion peel dye sensitizer, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and triiodide-based gel polymer electrolyte (GPE). All four Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) have a different ratio of PMMA gel and Triiodide as liquid Electrolyte (LE). Out of these four fabricated DSSC's, the DSSC which has 80:20 liquid and gel solution provided the highest efficiency of range 11.32%. All the dye-sensitized solar cells are tested under the solar luminance of 37.288 mW/cm2. A maximum open-circuit photovoltage of 0.386 V with a fill factor of 0.439 made it the best proto-model to be used for practical applications.
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IoT-Chain: Security of things for Pervasive, Sustainable and Efficient Computing using Blockchain
Appears in:
ew 20: e7

Authors:
Mohd Majid Akhtar, Danish Raza Rizvi

Published:
20th May 2020

Abstract:
This paper unfolds the infancy of the exquisite experience of the ‘Internet of Things’. It will address the thrilling potential of the looming opportunity of IoT & will echo the integration of things when harnessed with the bubble of internet. The topic is vulnerable due to handful factors but chie…This paper unfolds the infancy of the exquisite experience of the ‘Internet of Things’. It will address the thrilling potential of the looming opportunity of IoT & will echo the integration of things when harnessed with the bubble of internet. The topic is vulnerable due to handful factors but chiefly improves the insights and will observe exponential rise in the ‘Next generation’. The new rule enchanted for future will be “Anything that can be connected will be connected”. Moreover, cognitive consciousness of people will understand that IoT is the next big thing without procrastinating, in particular. This paradigm will review the implementation and challenges of several domotics technologies and others in general within the communication field and its contribution to the ‘Smart World’, exploring supplementary in fields of healthcare, living culture, transportation and furthermore that collectively rise for the world of Ubiquitous computing or Pervasive computing around us. Pervasive computing in short serves as a meaning where smart devices are connected as network and available all time. By scratching past, we have seen DDoS attack happening in 2016 via botnet attacks & malware from the devices such as IP security cameras, routers, printers. IoT as of now, have taken steps for the security but still lacks for the major part. Blockchain, the revolutionary technology behind the famous Bitcoin, which is cryptographically secured and decentralized, hence, can act as the liberator for the security of IoT devices. Blockchain in short are distributed immutable ledger that maintains the integrity of the network by achieving consensus algorithms like Proof of Work or Proof of Stake. Hence, an attacker won’t be able to take down the IoT devices as easy as it was taken down before and eventually, harder to attack or hack the network. This manuscript discusses the use of Blockchain technology implementation for the security of IoT devices along with the sustainable and energy efficient solution towards the problem stated and addresses the limitations, if any. We also discuss the future prospect for IoT, blockchain and other possible architectures.
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The reduction of emission production of small heat-sources for solid-based fuels by applying control mechanisms
Appears in:
ew 22(37): e12

Authors:
Michal Holubčík, Jozef Jandačka, Miriam Nicolanská

Published:
18th Aug 2021

Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: Production of emissions from small heat sources burning solid fuels in households in Slovakia is relatively high. At the present time, the operation of such devices are neither controlled nor regulated properly and effectively. OBJECTIVES: This work presents a research analysis o…INTRODUCTION: Production of emissions from small heat sources burning solid fuels in households in
Slovakia is relatively high. At the present time, the operation of such devices are neither controlled nor
regulated properly and effectively.

OBJECTIVES: This work presents a research analysis of current monitoring and maintenance procedures and certified norms for all solid-fuel small-scale heating systems utilized in households.

METHODS: The research compared data from over 13 countries in the European Union, evaluating
information regarding certified emission limits, efficiency levels, normalized monitoring procedures for both, fuel standards and heating system performance. A proposition is therefore presented for a new monitoring and inspection guide for solid-fuel heating systems in Slovak Republic households, where regulations, such as Ecodesign or the EN 305-5, were integrated.

RESULTS: Using a mathematical-statistical model, the implementation of the proposed regulations brings an emission saving of almost 140 tons per 10,000 inhabitants for both central and local heating systems.

CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated substantial opportunity in decreasing operation cost, prolongation
of product lifetime, and last but not least, the reduction of health risks of local citizens.
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Ensuring the Reliability of Functioning of Non-Addressed Fire Alarm
Appears in:
ew 22(37): e11

Authors:
Taras Terletskyi, Oleh Kaidyk, Anatolii Tkachuk, Oleg Zabolotnyi, Dagmar Cagáňová

Published:
18th Aug 2021

Abstract:
One of the ways that is aimed at reducing losses from fires is to detect a fire at the initial stage of its occurrence, which can be most effectively carried out only with the help of fire automation systems. The latter includes information and measurement systems (IMS) of fire al…One of the ways that is aimed at reducing losses from fires is to detect a fire at the initial stage of its occurrence, which can be most effectively carried out only with the help of fire automation systems. The latter includes information and measurement systems (IMS) of fire alarm systems, which are part of the fire detectors. Fire alarms (FA) are triggered by the appearance of primary signs of fire, transmitting a signal to the fire alarm control and indicating equipment (FACIE) through the appropriate loop. The FACIE processes these signals and forms commands for further actions, for example, sending alarm signals (sound and/or light) by fire alarms to warn people of danger, transmitting alarm notifications to the fire station and/or centralized fire monitoring console, as well as enabling and/or disabling certain equipment or engineering systems (including fire protection systems). Fire alarm loops (FAL) are electrical circuits that connect the output links of the FA, which include auxiliary remote radio elements and conductors, and are intended not only for issuing notifications about their status to the FACIE, but also for supplying power to these detectors. The reliability of the functioning of such IMS directly depends on the correct choice, according to the appropriate methods, of the nominal value of auxiliary hinged elements of loops, problems that arise during the use of equipment from different manufacturers.
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Optimal Generation Dispatch of Ethiopian Power System Using Hybrid Genetic Algorithm-Hopfield Neural Network
Appears in:
ew 22(37): e10

Authors:
Shewit Tsegaye, Getachew Bekele

Published:
13th Aug 2021

Abstract:
In this paper, an optimal generation dispatch of the Ethiopian power system using a hybrid Genetic Algorithm-Hopfield Neural Network (GA-HNN) is presented to reduce recursive blackouts. Reformulation of generation dispatch for a power grid comprising biomass, hydro, solar, wa…In this paper, an optimal generation dispatch of the Ethiopian power system using a hybrid Genetic Algorithm-Hopfield
Neural Network (GA-HNN) is presented to reduce recursive blackouts. Reformulation of generation dispatch for a power grid
comprising biomass, hydro, solar, waste to energy plant, wind and geothermal have been carried out. Each of these sources
requires a mathematical formulation that considers security limits and intermittency of renewables. Modelling and simulation
was conducted on MATLAB. According to the simulation results obtained, it can be deduced that GA-HNN based optimal
generation dispatch of Ethiopian power system is a key solution in connection to developments needed in the adoption and
realization of smarter grids as it concurrently increases its security level and decreases total generation cost. Generally, reducing the number of recursive blackouts, decreasing generation cost, allocating optimal generation level, and reducing computation time are prospects of employing GA-HNN based OGD.
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Energy Efficient Medical Data Dimensionality Reduction using Optimized Principal Component Analysis
Appears in:
ew 22(37): e9

Authors:
S. Gnana Sophia, K. K. Thanammal, S. S. Sujatha

Published:
6th Aug 2021

Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: The method of minimizing the number of random variables or attributes from the enormous data set is the reduction of dimensionality. The space available for storing the database is therefore minimized by decreasing the scale of the features. OBJECTIVES: The PCA algorithm is …INTRODUCTION: The method of minimizing the number of random variables or attributes from the enormous data set is the reduction of dimensionality. The space available for storing the database is therefore minimized by decreasing the scale
of the features.

OBJECTIVES: The PCA algorithm is used to achieve dimensional reduction by deep learning to recover image characteristics. This approach is designed to reduce the dimensionality of such datasets, improve interpretability while minimizing the loss of information.

METHODS: The dimensionality reduction of the method by using optimized PCA algorithm. The input data set can be reducing the dimension by using PCA algorithm. The tree seed optimization algorithm (TSO) can be utilized to select the
optimal data’s in PCA algorithms. After completing the TSO-PCA the new data set are created by the reduced dimensions.

RESULTS: The input data and images are used to reduce the dimension based on the TSO-PCA algorithms. The simulations for obtaining the results were carried out using python. The results of the feature dimensionality reduction on DIABETES dataset and Indian pines dataset.

CONCLUSION: The best data for the data collection, the TSO algorithm is used and the PCA algorithm is used to minimize the dimensions. The suggested method is better than the existing method compared to the linear, kernel, random basic function, and polynomial for evaluating the outcome and discussion. In order to improve accuracy in future work, we will continue research and try to find more advanced techniques for this problem.
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Experimental Validation of an Advanced Load-Shift System Operating as Shunt Active Power Filter
Appears in:
ew 21(34): e11

Authors:
Ana M. C. Rodrigues, Vitor Monteiro, Tiago J. C. Sousa, Tiago Alves, J. G. Pinto, Joao L. Afonso

Published:
23rd Jul 2021

Abstract:
This paper presents a load-shift system with advanced functionalities for the power grid. When compared with the conventional approach, an advanced load-shift system allows the compensation of power quality problems on the power grid side, namely problems relat…This paper presents a load-shift system with advanced functionalities for the power grid. When compared with the
conventional approach, an advanced load-shift system allows the compensation of power quality problems on the power
grid side, namely problems related to current harmonics, current imbalances, and low power factor. The advanced
load-shift system is composed by a bidirectional ac-dc converter to interface the power grid and by a bidirectional dc-dc
converter to interface an energy storage system. Since the main innovation is related with the power grid interface, the
focus of this work is on the analysis of the ac-dc converter, which is based on a three-phase four-leg voltage source
converter. A theoretical study and the details concerning the control algorithm are presented and discussed along the paper.
A laboratory prototype of the advanced load-shift system was developed, and the main details of implementation are
described in the paper. Experimental results obtained with the developed prototype prove that the advanced load-shift
system contributes for the technology progress in this area, validating a new operation concept concerning the power
quality on the power grid side. For all the operation modes, the system operates with high power factor and the currents on
the power grid side are balanced with a low total harmonic distortion and in phase with the respective power grid voltages.
more »
Unified Systems for Traction and Battery Charging of Electric Vehicles: A Sustainability Perspective
Appears in:
ew 21(34): e10

Authors:
Tiago J. C. Sousa, Vítor Monteiro, Delfim Pedrosa, Luís Machado, João L. Afonso

Published:
23rd Jul 2021

Abstract:
This paper presents an analysis of unified systems for traction and battery charging of electric vehicles (EVs), regarding operation modes and implementation cost, when compared to dedicated systems that perform the same functionalities. Concerning the interface…This paper presents an analysis of unified systems for traction and battery charging of electric vehicles (EVs), regarding
operation modes and implementation cost, when compared to dedicated systems that perform the same functionalities.
Concerning the interface of the EV battery charging system with the power grid, four operation modes are analyzed: (1) grid-to-vehicle (G2V); (2) vehicle-to-grid (V2G); (3) vehicle-to-home (V2H); and (4) vehicle-for-grid (V4G), which, by
using a unified system for traction and battery charging, can be linked both to single-phase and three-phase power grids.
Moreover, a cost estimation is performed for EV unified systems and for dedicated systems that can perform the same
functionalities when connected to the power grid, in order to prove the advantages of the system unification. The cost
estimation is based on two power levels, namely 6 kW (single-phase), related to domestic installations and slow battery
charging, and 50 kW (three-phase), related to industrial installations and fast battery charging. The relevance of unified
systems for traction and battery charging of EVs is proven for single-phase and three-phase power grids both in terms of
operationality and implementation cost.
more »
Linear Regression Model for Estimating Sustainable Generation: A Case Study in Tamil Nadu
Appears in:
ew 22(37): e8

Authors:
A. Geetha, S. Usha, J. Santhakumar, Amrit Kalash, Harshit Saini, Shashwat Sinha

Published:
8th Jul 2021

Abstract:
This article aims at developing a statistical model for the prediction of DC and AC generated power from the installed PV plant. A proper understanding of the PV plant characteristics is highly in need of predicting the yield based on the solar and atmospheric parameters. Th…This article aims at developing a statistical model for the prediction of DC and AC generated power from the installed PV plant. A proper understanding of the PV plant characteristics is highly in need of predicting the yield based on the solar and atmospheric parameters. This study focusses on investigating the relationship among the factors such as beam and diffused solar radiations, atmospheric temperature and wind speed for predicting the hourly generated powers. The location involved in the investigation is Chennai city, Tamil Nadu state, India. The meteorological data for the selected location is obtained from NREL and using a simple linear regression model prediction equations for DC and AC solar output power was built using Minitab 16.2.1 version. The methodology used has a capability of better correlation coefficient than the other techniques. The developed regression models show R2 value of 99.24% and 99% for DC and AC power and the predicted R2 (Rpred) values obtained are 86.54% and 83.22% for DC and AC power respectively.
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Efficient Power Management in Mobile Computing with Edge Server Offloading Using Multi-Objective Optimization
Appears in:
ew 22(37): e7

Authors:
P. Anusha, R.V. Siva Balan

Published:
8th Jul 2021

Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: The internet of mobile things is subjected to execute on data centers such as cloudlet, cloud servers and also on devices; it solves the problem of multi-objective optimization and tries to discover active scheduling with low energy consumption, execution time and cost. OBJECTIVES…INTRODUCTION: The internet of mobile things is subjected to execute on data centers such as cloudlet, cloud servers and also on devices; it solves the problem of multi-objective optimization and tries to discover active scheduling with low energy consumption, execution time and cost.

OBJECTIVES: To alleviate the conflicts between the support constraint of ‘smart phones and customers' requests of diminishing idleness as well as extending battery life, it spikes a well-known wave of offloading portable application for execution to brought together server farms, for example, haze hubs and cloud workers.

METHODS: The test to develop the methodology for mobile phones, with enhanced IoT execution in cloud-edge registering. Then, to assess the feasibility of our proposed process, tests and simulations are carried out.

RESULTS: The simulator is used to test the algorithm, and the outcomes show that our calculations can lesser over 18% energy utilization.

CONCLUSION: The optimization approaches using PSO and GA based on simulation data, with the standard genetic algorithm providing the highest overall value for mission offloading in fog nodes using multi-objectives. With the assumption of various workflow models as single and multi-objective in data centers as cloud servers, fog nodes, and within computers, we extracted the analytic results of energy usage, delay efficiency, and cost. Then formulated the multi-objective problem with different constraints and solved it using various scheduling algorithms based on the obtained data.
more »
Design and Comparison of Performance of DFIG Based Wind Turbine with PID Controller, Fuzzy Controller, Artificial Neural Network and Model Predictive Controller
Appears in:
ew 22(37): e6

Authors:
K. Naresh, P. Umapathi Reddy, P. Sujatha

Published:
29th Jun 2021

Abstract:
The everyday benefits of environmentally friendly power sources urges to build their use to the bigger degree of whichwind energy is the most accessible asset. This paper presents the plan of multimode hang control methodology based variable speed wind power …The everyday benefits of environmentally friendly power sources urges to build their use to the bigger degree of whichwind energy is the most accessible asset. This paper presents the plan of multimode hang control methodology based variable speed wind power age framework. The multimode hang control procedure improves the framework to work regarding the network framework and furthermore in the independent method of activity. The multimode control methodology utilizes the DC connect voltage regulator to control the DC interface capacitor voltage for working the framework side converter and current regulator to control current and force of the rotor side converter. The control methodology is investigated with the customary regulator like PI regulator, astute regulators like Fuzzy regulator, fake neural organization (ANN) and model prescient regulator (MPC) which predicts the future factors. A correlation has been performed with the previously mentioned various sorts of regulators based breeze power age framework regarding various boundaries. This paper likewise includes examination of various experiments with the previously mentioned regulators. The examination of various experiments with various regulators has been performed utilizing MATLAB 2013a and every one of the outcomes are checked.
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An overview of security issues in Internet of Things based smart environments
Appears in:
ew 22(37): e5

Authors:
M.V. Hari Vinayak, T. Jarin

Published:
15th Jun 2021

Abstract:
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Internet of Things (IoT) together have the potential to change the whole world into a smart planet. IoT technology has been a huge boon for a clean, green, and sustainable environment. This technology benefits numerous industries by improving …Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Internet of Things (IoT) together have the potential to change the whole world into a smart planet. IoT technology has been a huge boon for a clean, green, and sustainable environment. This technology benefits numerous industries by improving connectivity and reducing energy wastage. IoT has the potential to make our environment more sustainable and help us to reduce pollution all across the globe. But due to limited resources in both these networks, it is very challenging to form a complete secure system. This survey paper examines the various security requirements and attacks possible in WSN and IoT. The paper surveys existing approaches like blockchain, fog/edge computing and machine learning to ensure security of IoT systems. The paper also evaluates the performance of common machine learning algorithms using IoT datasets.
more »

Calculation of the Levelised Cost of Electrical Energy Storage for Short-Duration Application. LCOS Sensitivity Analysis
Appears in:
ew 19(21): e2

Authors:
Vikenty Melnikov, Gleb Nesterenko, Anton Potapenko, Dmitry Lebedev

Downloads:
4032

Abstract:
This paper research the issues of economic comparison of electrical energy storage systems based on the levelised cost of storage (LCOS). One of the proposed formulas for LCOS calculation was given, the parameters to be considered and the basic principles of their calculation were examined in detai…This paper research the issues of economic comparison of electrical energy storage systems based on the levelised cost of storage (LCOS). One of the proposed formulas for LCOS calculation was given, the parameters to be considered and the basic principles of their calculation were examined in detail. The LCOS was calculated for an electrical energy storage system, whose main function is to compensate for rapid changes in load power. LCOS sensitivity to changes in variables was analysed. The scope of potential application of the formula under consideration was specified, and the limitations preventing its wider use were indicated.
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Capacity Enhancement and Voltage Stability Improvement of Power Transmission Line by Series Compensation
Appears in:
ew 19(23): e3

Authors:
Md. Raihan-Al-Masud, Md. Minarul Islam, Md. Shahriar Hasan, Prajoy Podder

Downloads:
2316

Abstract:
To install a new infrastructure of a power transmission line is not only costly but also time-consuming, and it also have some harmful impact on our environment and therefore existing transmission infrastructure is important to use effectively. FACTS is a popular solution to utilize this existing p…To install a new infrastructure of a power transmission line is not only costly but also time-consuming, and it also have some harmful impact on our environment and therefore existing transmission infrastructure is important to use effectively. FACTS is a popular solution to utilize this existing power transmission system by using series compensation by means of the series capacitor to enhance the power transmission capacity as well as voltage stability. This paper explores the utilization of series capacitor applying to the power grid of Eastern part of Bangladesh. For doing this we have considered the analytical calculation of 10% to 85% compensation of that power line. As a result, we have observed that the power transfer capacity has been enhanced about 37 times and it also improve the voltage stability, when the compensation ration is 85%. We consider our calculation mathematically and represent the load curve and voltage profile by plotting in Matlab.
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Improved Prediction of Wind Speed using Machine Learning
Appears in:
ew 19(23): e2

Author:
Senthil Kumar P

Downloads:
2129

Abstract:
The prediction of wind speed plays a significant role in wind energy systems. An accurate prediction of wind speed is more important for wind energy systems, but it is difficult due to its uncertain nature. This paper presents three artificial neural networks namely, Back Propagation Network (BPN),…The prediction of wind speed plays a significant role in wind energy systems. An accurate prediction of wind speed is more important for wind energy systems, but it is difficult due to its uncertain nature. This paper presents three artificial neural networks namely, Back Propagation Network (BPN), Radial Basis Function (RBF) and Nonlinear AutoRegressive model process with eXogenous inputs (NARX) with Mutual Information (MI) feature selection for wind speed prediction. The MI feature selection identifies the significant features and reduces the complexity of wind speed prediction model without loss of information content. The performance of prediction model is evaluated in terms of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The results show that the performance of all three neural network models are highly satisfied. Moreover, NARX model with mutual information feature selection is more accurate in dealing with wind speed prediction.
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Solar Tilt Angle Optimization of PV Systems for Different Case Studies
Appears in:
ew 19(23): e7

Author:
Hasan N. Muslim

Downloads:
2008

Abstract:
The evolution of solar photovoltaic systems (PV) in the last decade has been marvellous around the world. This growing in using of PV technique hinge on the electrical load profile that required to be covered and the rate of the electricity that can be generated from the areas where the solar cells…The evolution of solar photovoltaic systems (PV) in the last decade has been marvellous around the world. This growing in using of PV technique hinge on the electrical load profile that required to be covered and the rate of the electricity that can be generated from the areas where the solar cells to be installed. The production of PV systems is based on the fuel which is represented by the solar radiation. In this study, an algorithm has been proposed to optimize the solar tilt angle based on MATLAB software (m-file) in order to maximize the PV generation. Monthly and annually optimal tilt angles are suggested for different case studies those are: Najaf, California and New Delhi. Also, the estimation of solar radiation for each month is calculated according to their optimal tilt angles. The obtained results indicate that the yearly gain of solar radiation from orientation solar panels is approximately 18% for Najaf city and a high gain values for winter months with very small energy gains for summery months, and so on for other case studies. This proposed algorithm is general program and can be applied for any site on the earth by changing the latitude and longitude of the desired area.
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Classification of Vehicle Types in Car Parks using Computer Vision Techniques
Appears in:
ew 15(7): e5

Authors:
Chadly Marouane, Lorenz Schauer, Philipp Bauer

Downloads:
1442

Abstract:
The growing population of big cities has led to certain issues, such as overloaded car parks. Ubiquitous systems can help to increase the capacity through an efficient usage of existing parking slots. In this case, cars are recognized during the entrance phases in order to guide them automatically …The growing population of big cities has led to certain issues, such as overloaded car parks. Ubiquitous systems can help to increase the capacity through an efficient usage of existing parking slots. In this case, cars are recognized during the entrance phases in order to guide them automatically to a proper slot for space-saving reasons. Prior to this step, it is necessary to determine the size of vehicles. In this work, we analyze different methods for vehicle classification and size measurement using the existing hardware of car parks. Computer vision techniques are applied for extracting information out of video streams of existing security cameras. For streams with lower resolution, a method is introduced figuring out width and height of a car with the help of reference objects. For streams with a higher resolution, a second approach is applied using face recognition algorithms and a training database in order to classify car types. Our evaluation of a real-life scenario at a major German airport showed a small error deviation of just a few centimeters for the fist method. For the type classification approach, an applicable accuracy of over 80 percent with up to 100 percent in certain cases have been achieved. Given these results, the performed methods show high potentials for a suitable determination of vehicles based on installed security cameras.
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Incident Management of Information Technology in the Indonesia Higher Education based on COBIT Framework: A Review
Appears in:
ew 19(22): e3

Author:
Syifaul Fuada

Downloads:
1408

Abstract:
Nowadays, implementing the IT management in Indonesia Higher Education (HE) has been an integral part of institution management and all business functions, starting from teaching & learning, academic information system, administration & payment system, registration of student’s admission and so on.…Nowadays, implementing the IT management in Indonesia Higher Education (HE) has been an integral part of institution management and all business functions, starting from teaching & learning, academic information system, administration & payment system, registration of student’s admission and so on. Handling incident response is an IT management and evaluation activity that must be done by the HE in Indonesia. Because, this activity is used to control the business sustainability and help perform attempts of betterment. To this matter, a standardized guideline is required so that the management of handling incidents in the HE environment can be performed effectively and efficiently. COBIT framework version 4 has four domains with 34 processes, while the version 5 has five domains with 37 processes. The process of handling incidents in COBIT 5 is discussed in the DSS02 process, namely Manage Service Request, and Incident of DSS domain. Meanwhile, COBIT 4 is discussed in the DS8 process, namely Manage Service Desk and Incidents. This paper reviews the status of management of handling IT incidents in Indonesia HE limited from 2010 to 2016.
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MAC Layer Design for Network-Enabled Visible Light Communication Systems Compliant with IEEE 802.15.7
Appears in:
ew 17(14): e5

Authors:
Trio Adiono, Syifaul Fuada, Muhamad Luthfi, Rosmianto Aji Saputro

Downloads:
1388

Abstract:
The design and implementation of medium access control (MAC) layer for network-enabled visible light communication (VLC) system is presented in this paper. The point-to-point link was chosen because of its simple in configuration as well as implementation. Whereas the FPGA Zybo Zynq-7000 is employe…The design and implementation of medium access control (MAC) layer for network-enabled visible light communication (VLC) system is presented in this paper. The point-to-point link was chosen because of its simple in configuration as well as implementation. Whereas the FPGA Zybo Zynq-7000 is employed for prototyping the hardware of VLC system because of it serve a Linux operating system (OS), i.e. Xillinux. Our MAC layer has been realized in Python programming and running above the Zynq-7000 processor. The designed MAC Layer is adapted from IEEE 802.15.7 standard, specifically for delivering and receiving the MAC frames from the coordinator to the device or vice versa, wrapping the IP packets and unwrapping the MAC Frames with MAC headers and trailers, and performing the error detection in which the cyclic redundant check 16 (CRC-16) was selected. According to the functionality test, our proposed VLC system can perform to send the multimedia contents (video and image) as well as data packet for internet accessing purpose like a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) connectivity. Thus, it can be concluded that the implemented MAC layer has met the functionality specifications referred to the IEEE 802.15.7 standard. We also provide the Pseudo-code of designed MAC layer and its Python script (source-code) implementation that can be found in the Appendix section.
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Green Communications: Techniques and Challenges
Appears in:
ew 17(14): e4

Authors:
Nabeel Ahmed Malik, Masood Ur-Rehman

Downloads:
1364

Abstract:
Green technology has drawn a huge amount of attention with the development of the modern world. Similarly with the development in communication technology the industries and researchers are focusing to make this communication as green as possible. In cellular technology the evolution of 5G is the n…Green technology has drawn a huge amount of attention with the development of the modern world. Similarly with the development in communication technology the industries and researchers are focusing to make this communication as green as possible. In cellular technology the evolution of 5G is the next step to fulfil the user demands and it will be available to the users in 2020. This will increase the energy consumption by which will result in excess emission of co2. In this paper different techniques for the green communication technology and some challenges are discussed. These techniques include device-to-device communication (D2D), massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems, heterogeneous networks (HetNets) and Green Internet of Things (IoT).
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Real-Time Simulation Technique of a Microgrid Model for DER Penetration
Appears in:
ew 14(2): e2

Authors:
Konstantina Mentesidi, Evangelos Rikos, Vasilis Kleftakis

Downloads:
1255

Abstract:
Comprehensive analysis of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) integration requires tools that provide computational power and flexibility. In this context, throughout this paper PHIL simulations are performed to emulate the energy management system of a real microgrid including a diesel synchronous …Comprehensive analysis of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) integration requires tools that provide computational power and flexibility. In this context, throughout this paper PHIL simulations are performed to emulate the energy management system of a real microgrid including a diesel synchronous machine and inverter-based sources. Moreover, conventional frequency and voltage droops were incorporated into the respective inverters. The results were verified at the real microgrid installation in the Centre for Renewable Energy Sources (CRES) premises. This research work is divided into two steps: A) Real time in RSCAD/RTDS and Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) simulations where the diesel generator´s active power droop control is evaluated, the battery inverter´s droop curves are simulated and the load sharing for parallel operation of the system´s generation units is examined. B) microgrid experiments during which various tests were executed concerning the diesel generator and the battery inverters in order to examine their dynamic operation within the LV islanded power system.
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A Wearable Vibration Glove for Improving Hand Sensation in Persons with Spinal Cord Injury Using Passive Haptic Rehabilitation
Appears in:
ew 15(6): e2

Authors:
Tanya Estes, Deborah Backus, Thad Starner

Downloads:
1140

Abstract:
We define Passive Haptic Rehabilitation (PHR) as an improvement in haptic sensations or abilities using methods which require little or no attention on the part of the user. We present a study that suggests improvement in hand sensation in participants with partial Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) in C4 - …We define Passive Haptic Rehabilitation (PHR) as an improvement in haptic sensations or abilities using methods which require little or no attention on the part of the user. We present a study that suggests improvement in hand sensation in participants with partial Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) in C4 - T1 after use of our Mobile Music Touch (MMT) glove. The MMT glove is designed to teach piano melodies passively. It stimulates the participant's fingers repeatedly in the order of notes in the songs to be learned. In a study of ten hands, seven people with incomplete SCI participate in simple piano lessons three times a week for thirty minutes a session for eight weeks. The experimental group also attends these lessons but also wear our Mobile Music Touch (MMT) glove for two hours a day, five times a week to reinforce these lessons passively. Participants were injured over a year before the beginning of the study. The Semmes-Weinstein test is used to measure sensation at eight points on the hand before and after the piano lessons. The mean improvements between the experimental group and control group show a difference that is statistically significant. All hand areas in the experimental group show an improvement in average Semmes-Weinstein scores.
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Publisher: EAI
ISSN: 2032-944X
Number of Volumes: 9

Last Published: 2022-01-01

EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web

Ghazanfar Safdar1

Albert Lam2

Ghazanfar Safdar¹

Albert Lam²