EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web

EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web is an open access, peer-reviewed scholarly journal focused on topics ranging from ‘smart dust’ to hybrid networks capable of controlling the emergence of dependable and reliable green and energy-efficient ecosystems. The journal publishes research articles, review articles, commentaries, editorials, technical articles, and short communications distributed in six issues per year. Authors are not charged for article submission and processing.

Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ghazanfar Safdar and Iosif Breido

Aims & Scope
Indexing
Editors in Chief
Editorial Board

With ICT pervading everyday objects and infrastructures, the ‘Future Internet’ is envisioned to undergo a radical transformation from how we know it today (a mere communication highway) into a vast hybrid network seamlessly integrating knowledge, people and machines into techno-social ecosystems whose behaviour transcends the boundaries of today’s engineering science. As the internet of things continues to grow, billions and trillions of data bytes need to be moved, stored and shared. The energy thus consumed and the climate impact of data centers are increasing dramatically, thereby becoming significant contributors to global warming and climate change. As reported recently, the combined electricity consumption of the world’s data centers has already exceeded that of some of the world's top ten economies. In the ensuing process of integrating traditional and renewable energy, monitoring and managing various energy sources, and processing and transferring technological information through various channels, IT will undoubtedly play an ever-increasing and central role. Several technologies are currently racing to production to meet this challenge, from ‘smart dust’ to hybrid networks capable of controlling the emergence of dependable and reliable green and energy-efficient ecosystems – which we generically term the ‘energy web’ – calling for major paradigm shifts highly disruptive of the ways the energy sector functions today.

The EAI Transactions on Energy Web are positioned at the forefront of these efforts and provide a forum for the most forward-looking, state-of-the-art research bringing together the cross section of IT and Energy communities. The journal will publish original works reporting on prominent advances that challenge traditional thinking.

The EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web topics include but are not limited to:

Green Data Centres and Data Storage
Greener Smart Homes
Green Smart Cities
Greener Secure Web Transactions
Energy Systems Modelling
Energy Efficient Virtualized Systems
Energy Efficient DSA (for CR Networks, D2D/M2M)
Energy Efficient LAA (Licensed Assisted Access for 5G)
Energy Aware Interference Mitigation in 4G Networks
Energy Conservation and Mangement Strategies
Telemetry and Power Engineering Based on Self-Organising Networks with Combined Information Transmission Channels
Transportation and Electric Vehicles
Green Communication Protocols
Energy Efficient Routing Protocols
Physical Layer Techniques for Energy Efficiency
Energy Efficient Device-to-Device (D2D) Communications
Energy-Aware Design for Small Cells and HetNets
Energy Efficient Algorithms and Scheduling Techniques
Green Massive MIMO Techniques
Cross-Layer Energy Efficiency Optimisation
Standardisation for Green Communications and Networking
Energy Efficient and Secure Implementation of Cryptographic Protocols
Lightweight Cryptography
Monitoring and Management of Energy Supply
Online Learning Technologies in the Energy Sector
Power Systems Regulations
Power Systems Transmission Management
Supply Chain Energy Management

João Luiz Afonso (University of Minho, Portugal)
Chi-Hua Chen (Fuzhou University, China)
Abdul Shabeer (IBM India Pvt Ltd, India)
Baozhi Chen (Rutgers University, USA)
Amando P. Singun, Jr. (Higher College of Technology, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman)
Andrey Mazalov (South Federal University, Russia)
Duckki Lee (Yonam Institute of Technology, South Korea)
H. Anandakumar (Sri Eshwar College of Engineering, India)
Houda Chihi (ISAMM University, Tunisie)
Howard Njoku (University of Nigeria, Nigeria)
José Gabriel Oliveira Pinto (University of Minho, Portugal)
Kale Sandip Achutrao (Trinity College of Engineering and Research, India)
Marta Chinnici (ENEA-Italian National Agency for New technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Italy)
P. Venkata Krishna (Sri Padmavati Mahila University, India)
Vítor Duarte Fernandes Monteiro (University of Minho, Portugal)
S. Karthikumar (Ilahia College of Engineering & Technology, India)
Utku Kose (Süleyman Demirel University, Turkey)
Satish Kumar Kansal (Baba Hira Singh Bhattal Institute of Engineering & Technology, India)
J. Jacinth Poornima (NIIT Qatar, Qatar)
Elena Gebel (Omsk State Technical University, Russia)
Irina Yuryevna Semykina (Kuzbass State Technical University, Kemerovo, Russia)
Manik Sharma (DAV University Jalandhar, India)
Mikhail Medvedev (Southern Federal University, Russia)
Sabu M Thampi (Center for Research and Innovation in Cyber Threat Resilience (CRICTR), India)
Vladimir Dyo (University of Bedfordshire, UK)
Velliangiri. S (CMR Institute of Technology, India)
Vyacheslav Potekhin (Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia)
Shchasiana Arhun (Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University, Ukraine)
Abdelghani Chahmi (University of Science and Technology, Algeria)

Ghazanfar Safdar¹

Ghazanfar A. Safdar received his B.Sc Hons. in Electrical Engineering from University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistan, and his M.Eng in Computer Science and Telecommunications from ENSIMAG, INPG, France. He was awarded a PhD from Queen’s University Belfast, UK, in 2005 for his work in the area of power-saving MAC protocols for the IEEE 802.11 family of wireless LANs. Moreover, he has worked as Research Fellow at Queen’s University Belfast on a project related to Wireless Networks security funded by EPSRC grant EP/C006976/1. Currently, he is working as Senior Lecturer in Computer Networking at the University of Bedfordshire, UK. His research interests mainly include cognitive radio networks, energy saving MAC protocols, security protocols for wireless networks, LTE networks, interference mitigation, device-to-device communications, network modelling and performance analysis. He has also worked as R&D Engineer with Carrier Telephone Industries (SIEMENS), Pakistan, and Schlumberger, France.

Iosif Breido²

Iosif Breido received the engineering degree from the Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute (USSR) in 1971. He served as a navy officer in the Pacific fleet. He worked in the Karaganda Department of the Institute of mining. In 1983 he received the academic degree of candidate of technical sciences for his work in the field of controlled electric drive of conveyors in coal mines. In 1996 he received the degree of doctor of technical Sciences, at the Ural mining and geological Academy (Yekaterinburg, Russia) for research in the field of dynamics of controlled multi-motor electric drives of mining machines, interconnected through the working body. He participated in the creation and modernization of thyristor electric drives of conveyors, coal combines, aggregates of metallurgical production. In recent years, he directs the establishment of systems for protection and diagnostics of electrical equipment and high-voltage transmission lines, including systems remote Internet monitoring with the use of different telemetry channels in the conditions of strong interference from induced electromagnetic fields.

1: University of Bedfordshire, UK
2: Karaganda State Technical University

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Design, Simulation and Economic Analysis of A Rooftop Solar PV System in Vietnam
Appears in:
ew 18: e49

Authors:
Thanh Ba Nguyen, Phuong Hoang Van

Published:
27th Jan 2021

Abstract:
Installing a grid-connected rooftop solar system for a household is an important issue; therefore, there are many factors that need to be considered before the installation is decided. The main factors to be noted are the total cost of the installation, the amount of electricity generated as well a…Installing a grid-connected rooftop solar system for a household is an important issue; therefore, there are many factors that need to be considered before the installation is decided. The main factors to be noted are the total cost of the installation, the amount of electricity generated as well as the government's support policies for the development of solar energy. This article presents the design, simulation and economic analysis of an 8.36kWp grid-connected rooftop solar power project for a household in Thu Dau Mot City, Vietnam. The study calculates the generated electricity, the efficiency of the Photovoltaic(PV) power system, the ability to reduce the amount of CO2 emitted into the environment and the economic indicators of the project. This research is useful for stakeholders investing in residential rooftop solar PV systems and Vietnam’s energy policymakers as well.
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Knowledge Extraction Using Auto Regression Method - A Tourist Information Extraction and Analytics
Appears in:
ew 18: e48

Authors:
Arun Manicka Raja M, Sumitha T, Maria Michael Visuwasam L, Rejin Paul N R

Published:
27th Jan 2021

Abstract:
Data analytics is played a vital role in Information Technology and Information Technology essential services ITeS for making effective decisions. The demand for tourism and prediction of tourist arrivals are important for tourism organisation. In this paper, we analyse tourist and …Data analytics is played a vital role in Information Technology and Information Technology essential services ITeS for making effective decisions. The demand for tourism and prediction of tourist arrivals are important for tourism organisation. In this paper, we analyse tourist and extract information using data analytics process. The web data are processed using travellers’ details and applying an aggregate function to calculate the searching index. Here, we use the autoregression analytics method for accurate prediction. The tourist information is recorded and creates a system log for processing and extracting information. The interaction between each record and their logs are used for data processing and analytics model. This paper uses a recommendation system for the data analytics process and compares the results with existing models. Our proposed method provides good and accurate results for tourism organisation.
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Mathematical Modeling and Kinematic analysis of 3-RRR Planar Parallel Manipulator
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ew 18: e47

Authors:
Shaik Himam Saheb, G. Satish Babu

Published:
27th Jan 2021

Abstract:
Parallel mechanisms are found as positioning platforms in several robot manipulator applications tool manufacturing applications. Today, various types of these mechanisms are classified based on the structure, type of joints, and degree of freedom. An important and basic planar …Parallel mechanisms are found as positioning platforms in several robot manipulator applications tool manufacturing applications. Today, various types of these mechanisms are classified based on the structure, type of joints, and degree of freedom. An important and basic planar mechanism providing three degrees of freedom at the end-effector (movable platform) is a 3-RRR linkage. The forward kinematics in parallel mechanisms is a multi-solution problem and involves cumbersome calculations compared to inverse kinematics. With forward kinematics, the input kinematic parameters for any manipulator are known, and the end effector coordinate must be determined. The kinematic equations are generated with mechanics principles, and Jacobian matrices are formulated, With the Jacobian matrix, the regular workspace and dexterous workspace analysis calculated. The main objective is to fabricate a model of this planar manipulation mechanism with calculated dimensions and observe the practical workspace and dexterous workspace available at the end effector. The practical workspace and calculated workspace is presented in this paper. This final output data is useful for manipulator designers to design manipulators for different applications. In addition to this, the stress analysis is performed with Ansys software’s help to estimate the moving platform’s failure zone.
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Sentence Semantic Similarity Model Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Appears in:
ew 18: e46

Authors:
Karthiga M, Sountharrajan S, Suganya E, Sankarananth S

Published:
25th Jan 2021

Abstract:
In Natural Language Processing, determining the semantic likeness between sentences is an important research area. For example, there exists many possible semantics for a word (polysemy), and the synonym of the word differs. Double LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) working at same time on d…In Natural Language Processing, determining the semantic likeness between sentences is an important research area. For example, there exists many possible semantics for a word (polysemy), and the synonym of the word differs. Double LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) working at same time on double phrase sequences model is projected to overcome the solitary sequence problem. Furthermore, with the goal of overcoming the second issue, as indicated by the qualities of English dialect, we utilized the British corpus semantic similarity datasets structured by specialists to prepare, and validate the technique. During the training process the stopwords were reserved for use. Convolution Neural Network and Semantic Likeness model based on grammar are used to compare the results of our projected representation. The outcomes demonstrate that the proposed methodology is more prominent than the previous approaches by means of precision, recall rate, accuracy etc., along with the enhanced generalization potential of the neural network.
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Top ‘N’ Variant Random Forest Model for High Utility Itemsets Recommendation
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ew 18: e45

Authors:
Pazhaniraja N, Sountharrajan S, Suganya E, Karthiga M

Published:
25th Jan 2021

Abstract:
High-utility based itemset mining is the advancement of recurrent pattern mining that discovers occurrence of frequent transactions from a huge database. The issues in frequent pattern mining involve the elimination of quantities purchased by the customers and cost of purchased prod…High-utility based itemset mining is the advancement of recurrent pattern mining that discovers occurrence of frequent transactions from a huge database. The issues in frequent pattern mining involve the elimination of quantities purchased by the customers and cost of purchased product. This can be resolved by high utility itemset mining which includes quantities and profit of the products in the transactions. The conventional association rule mining algorithms results in huge memory consumption due to the complexity in pruning the search space. In this paper, machine learning based high-utility itemset mining is applied to predict next order in an online grocery store depending on the transactions. The overall goal is to enhance the business profitability by stocking the high utility items in market. The Top ‘N’ variant Random Forest model is proposed to recommend the high utility itemsets, thereby predicting the reordered/next ordered items. The model is evaluated using Instacart market dataset to measure accuracy, precision and recall.
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Hopfield Neural Network-based Security Constrained Economic Dispatch of Renewable Energy Systems
Appears in:
ew 18: e44

Authors:
Shewit Tsegaye, Fekadu Shewarega, Getachew Bekele

Published:
25th Jan 2021

Abstract:
This paper presents Security Constrained Economic Dispatch (SCED) of Renewable Energy Systems (RES) using Hopfield Neural Networks (HNN) to address power mismatch problems of the Ethiopian power grid. The mathematical formulations of SCED for RES comprising biomass, hydro, solar PV, waste to en…This paper presents Security Constrained Economic Dispatch (SCED) of Renewable Energy Systems (RES) using Hopfield Neural Networks (HNN) to address power mismatch problems of the Ethiopian power grid. The mathematical formulations of SCED for RES comprising biomass, hydro, solar PV, waste to energy plant, wind, and geothermal are presented. Each of these sources requires problem formulation and constraint handling mechanisms considering security limits and credible contingencies. This enables renewable energy systems to provide secure and reliable electric service. Modified IEEE 118 bus system and Ethiopian renewable energy systems were used as case studies. Modelling and simulation were conducted on MATLAB. According to the results obtained, it can be deduced that employing HNN based SCED is a promising step in connection to developments needed in the adoption and realization of smarter grids as it reduces execution time, production cost and the number of blackouts while increasing the security level of a power system of RES.
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The Role of the Electric Vehicle in Smart Homes: Assessment and Future Perspectives
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ew 18: e43

Authors:
Vitor Monteiro, Jose A. Afonso, Joao C. Ferreira, Tiago J. C. Sousa, Joao L. Afonso

Published:
25th Jan 2021

Abstract:
The wide spreading of electric mobility is imposing the application of new technologies of hardware and software for supporting new operation paradigms, not only in the perspective of improving smart grids, but also each time more in the perspective of boosting the preponderance of sm…The wide spreading of electric mobility is imposing the application of new technologies of hardware and software for supporting new operation paradigms, not only in the perspective of improving smart grids, but also each time more in the perspective of boosting the preponderance of smart homes. Concretely, nowadays it is clear that the emergent technologiesfor smart homes, targeting power quality and a more efficient power management, are also altering the conventional electrical power grids toward smart grids. In this panorama, by relating the strategic pillars of electric mobility and smart homes, this paper has as main objective the characterization of the role of the electric vehicle (EV) in smart homes, presenting a broad assessment based on the state of the art, as well as creating a link with upcoming advanced operations. From the smart home point of view, since it should be equipped to deal with the requirements of the EV, the assessment of both on-board and off-board EV battery charging systems are considered along the paper. Furthermore, the presence of technologies such as energy storage systems, renewable energy sources and dc electrical appliances in smart homes towards sustainability is also reflected in this paper, but framed from the point of view of an off-board EV battery charging system, since it is more convenient for enabling the interface of these mentioned technologies. Looking the paper as a whole, a relevant contribution is the discussion of future operations for the EV in smart homes, also envisioning the opportunity for ac, dc, or hybrid power grids. Illustrative and strategic results are shown, covering all these features with specific details, not only based on numerical simulations, but also based on experimental results, which were obtained with a proof-of-concept laboratory prototype.
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Experimental Validation of a Three-Phase Induction Motor Operating with a Three-Phase Bidirectional Variable Speed Drive
Appears in:
ew 18: e42

Authors:
Luis Machado, Tiago J. C. Sousa, Delfim Pedrosa, Vitor Monteiro, J. G. Pinto, Joao L. Afonso

Published:
14th Jan 2021

Abstract:
The three-phase induction motor is the main electric motor used in industrial applications, contributing significantly to the industrial electricity consumption. Additionally, the traditional variable speed drivers, due to the internal constitution based on a passive rectifier, c…The three-phase induction motor is the main electric motor used in industrial applications, contributing significantly to the industrial electricity consumption. Additionally, the traditional variable speed drivers, due to the internal constitution based on a passive rectifier, contribute to accentuate power quality problems on the grid side. In this context, this paper presents thesimulation, implementation and subsequent experimental verification of an electronic variable speed drive for three-phase induction motors, which is composed by a three-phase ac-dc converter on the grid side and by a three-phase dc-ac converter on the motor side. With the proposed solution, besides driving the motor, it is possible to mitigate power quality problems on the grid side (e.g., current harmonics and reactive power) associated with the use of diode-bridge ac-dc converters in the conventional variable speed drives. Besides, with the proposed solution, a bidirectional operation is possible, allowing to deliver to the power grid the energy generated in motor braking processes. As demonstrated along the paper, with the proposed variable speed drive it is possible to control the motor speed (including the rotation direction), and to achieve operation with sinusoidal currents and unitary power factor on the grid side. A laboratory prototype was developed, allowing to perform experimental validation and to verify the main functionalities of the variable speed drive.
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Towards Smart Railways: A Charging Strategy for Railway Energy Storage Systems
Appears in:
ew 18: e41

Authors:
Vítor A. Morais, João L. Afonso, António P. Martins

Published:
14th Jan 2021

Abstract:
The huge power requirements of future railways require the usage of energy-efficient strategies towards amore intelligent railway system. The usage of on-board energy storage systems enables better usage of the traction energy with a higher degree of freedom. In this article is proposed a top-level…The huge power requirements of future railways require the usage of energy-efficient strategies towards amore intelligent railway system. The usage of on-board energy storage systems enables better usage of the traction energy with a higher degree of freedom. In this article is proposed a top-level charging controller forthe on-board and wayside railway energy storage systems. Its structure comprehends two processing levels: a real-time fuzzy logic controller for each energy storage system, and a genetic algorithm meta-heuristic, that remotely and automatically tune the fuzzy rules weight. As global results, the reduction of regenerated energy is 22.3% with the fuzzy logic controller. With the optimization strategy, this reduction can be further extendedto 28.7%. The need for a smart railway framework is also discussed towards a realistic implementation of such charging strategy. Thus, with a high degree of flexibility, the efficiency of railway energy systems can be increased with the proposed framework.
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Experimental Validation of a Current-Source Converter with Reduced Dc-link Operating as Shunt Active Power Filter
Appears in:
ew 18: e40

Authors:
Catia F. Oliveira, Luis A. M. Barros, Joao L. Afonso, J. G. Pinto, Bruno Exposto, Vitor Monteiro

Published:
14th Jan 2021

Abstract:
Nowadays, the majority of electronic equipment behaves as nonlinear loads, introducing power quality problems into the power grid, namely, current harmonics and low power factor. These problems contribute to reduce the efficiency of the power grid and can cause malfunctioning of s…Nowadays, the majority of electronic equipment behaves as nonlinear loads, introducing power quality problems into the power grid, namely, current harmonics and low power factor. These problems contribute to reduce the efficiency of the power grid and can cause malfunctioning of sensitive loads connected to the power grid. Therefore, it is important to develop power electronics solutions capable to mitigate these power quality problems. In this context, this paper presents a novel single-phase shunt active power filter (SAPF) based on a current-source converter, where the key differencing factor, when compared with the conventional approach, is the reduced dc-link. As the proposed topology requires a reduced dc-link, it represents a relevant advantage, requiring a less bulky inductance in the dc-link, reducing the losses, cost, and volume. The proposed SAPF with reduced dc-link is introduced in detail along the paper, and a comprehensive comparison with the conventional SAPF is established based on computer simulations. Besides, an experimental validation is carried out with a developed laboratory prototype, validating the main advantages of the proposed SAPF with reduced dc-link.
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A Markov Process-based Opportunistic Trust Factor Estimation Mechanism for Efficient Cluster Head Selection and Extending the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks
Appears in:
ew 18: e39

Authors:
Sengathir Janakiraman, M. Deva Priya, S. Siamala Devi, G. Sandhya, G. Nivedhitha, S. Padmavathi

Published:
13th Jan 2021

Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: The lifetime of a sensor network completely relies on the potentialities of the utilized Cluster Head (CH) selection scheme that aids in building efficient Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Most of the existing CH selection approaches use an impractical condition whi…INTRODUCTION: The lifetime of a sensor network completely relies on the potentialities of the utilized Cluster Head (CH) selection scheme that aids in building efficient Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Most of the existing CH selection approaches use an impractical condition which mainly emphasizes that the nodes that are trustworthy and highly energy competitive have better likelihood of being selected as CHs.

OBJECTIVES: In this paper, a Markov Process-based Opportunistic Trust Factor Estimation Mechanism (MPOTFEM) is proposed for achieving optimal CH selection that enhances the possibility of maintaining network lifetime and energy stability in the network.

METHODS: MPOTFEM is proposed for ensuring efficient CH selection and thereby enhancing the lifetime of WSNs. The proposed MPOTFEM incorporates the merits of Markov process for computing the Opportunistic and Trust factors that assesses the maximum likelihood of nodes with the possibility of being selected as the CH by exploring multiple transition states of nodes in the networks.

RESULTS: The results of the propounded MPOTFEM confirm to be significant in improving the network longevity by 39.21% with minimized energy consumption of 34.82% when compared to the baseline CH election mechanisms taken for analysis.

CONCLUSION: The results prove that MPOTFEM is better when compared to the benchmarked CH selection schemes in terms of network lifespan and energy stability.
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Optimizing Performance Parameters in Wireless Sensor Network using Hybrid Medium Access Control
Appears in:
ew 18: e38

Authors:
Anitha K, Ananda Babu J

Published:
13th Jan 2021

Abstract:
To carry out an efficient data aggregation operation, it is essential to retain the optimal number of nodes for an extensive sensing period in wireless sensor networks. Hybrid Medium Access Control (MAC) uses its contention and scheduling options to offer this feature by facilitating…To carry out an efficient data aggregation operation, it is essential to retain the optimal number of nodes for an extensive sensing period in wireless sensor networks. Hybrid Medium Access Control (MAC) uses its contention and scheduling options to offer this feature by facilitating access over the shared resources and offering better energy efficiency. However, a review of existing approaches highlights that there is still a large scope for improvement. Therefore, the proposed system introduces a model forhybrid MAC that facilitates optimal routine management of states of nodes and offers a dual optimization model by ensuring extensive participation of intermediate nodes. The proposed scheme Simulated in MATLAB, the study outcome shows that it offers a good balance between energy efficiency and communication performance in comparison to existing hybrid MAC schemes.
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Frequent Pattern Retrieval on Data Streams by using Sliding Window
Appears in:
ew 18: e37

Authors:
P. Mahesh Kumar, P. Srinivasa Rao

Published:
13th Jan 2021

Abstract:
In different applications like recommender frameworks and market examination, regular patterns play a significant role in useful mining data. Mining regular patterns from sliding windows over streaming information has become a complex task. In this examination, the sliding window is utilized…In different applications like recommender frameworks and market examination, regular patterns play a significant role in useful mining data. Mining regular patterns from sliding windows over streaming information has become a complex task. In this examination, the sliding window is utilized to build the framework and FP tree applied to mine the dataset's valuable data. The sliding window has the arrangement of patterns put away in the Matrix, which contains the transaction in the sliding information and thenapplied to the FP tree. In this paper, the Frequent Pattern Retrieval strategy is planned by utilizing anFP tree approach and a sliding window model to extract noteworthy examples from data streams. The proposed technique accomplished less runtime with low memory use for the Breast disease dataset and different datasets to run the least utility edge contrasted with different existing procedures.
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Bus Allocation for Voltage Stabilization in Multi-Machine Power System Using GWO
Appears in:
ew 18: e36

Authors:
Nasser Ali Hasson AL-Zubaydi, Ali Abdulrazzak Jasim

Published:
23rd Dec 2020

Abstract:
Today, power systems are being operated under greatly stressed conditions due to rapidly growing demand for electrical energy, penetration of renewable energy sources, large seasonal load variations, and operation in competitive energy market conditions. The main part of this work involves …Today, power systems are being operated under greatly stressed conditions due to rapidly growing demand for electrical energy, penetration of renewable energy sources, large seasonal load variations, and operation in competitive energy market conditions. The main part of this work involves achieving complete system observability and improving voltage stability level simultaneously by placing a minimal number of PMUs. Initially, weak buses (very sensitive to smaller reactive power variations) are identified by using Fast Voltage Stability Index (FVSI) calculation. In this work, the reliability of observing the weak buses is purposely maximized. Suppose any sudden voltage instability problem occurs on the weak bus. In that case,PMUs can immediately communicate to the operator and prevent the outage of the weak bus, even if one of the PMUs fails. PMUs can maintain the FVSI value of the critical lines, not exceeding their maximum limit, by initiating the remedial actions scheme, such as smart islanding, controlling the transformer tap settings, coordinating between automatic corrective devices, etc. In this system, the positioning of PMUs on poor buses should be favoured over other buses. Improved voltage reliability can be accomplished by effective and accurate control of critical lines and vulnerable buses. This is done by a small rise in the amount of PMUs relative to previous results.
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A Hybrid ACO based Optimized RVM Algorithm for Land Cover Satellite Image Classification
Appears in:
ew 18: e35

Authors:
A. M. A. Akbar Badusha, S. Kother Mohideen

Published:
23rd Dec 2020

Abstract:
The proposed different classification schemes based on modified RVM and Optimized RVM were implemented, and observed the classification outputs. The proposed Optimized RVM classification technique is successfully applied to the classification of the input images. The quantitative and qualit…The proposed different classification schemes based on modified RVM and Optimized RVM were implemented, and observed the classification outputs. The proposed Optimized RVM classification technique is successfully applied to the classification of the input images. The quantitative and qualitative classification results are evaluated and compared. The accuracy of the proposed modified RVM is improved by applying the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) technique. The kernel parameter of the modified RVM is optimized using ACO, and the results got improved a little better than the modified RVM based classifier. The general agreement between all classification techniques discussed in the above sections indicates that the inclusion of ACO for RVM parameter optimization adds very accurate classification in various multispectral satellite images. The performance evaluations confirm that the proposed ACO based Optimized RVM (ACO-RVM) classifier greatly improved the accuracy of final classification outputs.
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A Survey of Architecture, Framework and Algorithms for Resource Management in Edge Computing
Appears in:
ew 18: e34

Authors:
S. Premkumar, A. N. Sigappi

Published:
23rd Dec 2020

Abstract:
Internet-based applications predominantly use the existing method of acquiring the computing resources remotely from the cloud data centers. This method of computation is not applicable in future since it is expected that the latencies in communication tend to expand largely…Internet-based applications predominantly use the existing method of acquiring the computing resources remotely from the cloud data centers. This method of computation is not applicable in future since it is expected that the latencies in communication tend to expand largely due to the internet connectivity among billions of devices. This enormous expansion in latencies induces an adverse impact in the Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE) parameters. Edge computing is an imminent computing methodology that deploys the decentralized resources present at the edge of the network to make data processing within the proximity of user devices like smartphones, sensors or wearables. This approach is contrary to the conventional methods of utilizing centralized and distant cloud data centers. Managing the resources becomes a major challenge to be approached due to the diverse and rapidly evolving resources in comparison with the cloud. The lucrative role of Internet of Things (IoT) and Edge, and the challenges posed by the dynamic technologies are presented. This paper presents a survey of the research publications from edge computing from 2013 to 2020, covering the various architectures, frameworks, and the fundamental algorithms involved in resource management in edge computing.
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Modelling state spaces and discrete control using MILP: computational cost considerations for demand response
Appears in:
ew 18: e33

Authors:
P. L. Magalhães, C. H. Antunes

Published:
23rd Dec 2020

Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: Demand response (DR) has been proposed as a mechanism to induce electricity cost reductions and is typically assumed to require the adoption of time-differentiated electricity prices. Making the most of these requires using automated energy management systems to produce optimised DR p…INTRODUCTION: Demand response (DR) has been proposed as a mechanism to induce electricity cost reductions and is typically assumed to require the adoption of time-differentiated electricity prices. Making the most of these requires using automated energy management systems to produce optimised DR plans. Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) has been used for this purpose, including by modelling dynamic systems (DS).

OBJECTIVES: In this paper, wecompare the computational performance of MILP approaches for modelling state spaces and multi-level discrete control (MLDC) in DR problems involving DSs.

METHODS: A state-of-the-art MILP solver was used to compute solutions and compare approaches.

RESULTS: Modelling state spaces using decision variables proved to be the most efficient option in over 80% of cases. In turn, the new MLDC approaches outperformed the standard one in about 60% of cases despite performing in the same range.

CONCLUSION: We conclude that using state variables is generally the better option and that all MLDC variants perform similarly.
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Dispatch model of Power Systems in Thermal Wind and Pumped Storage Hydro Framework using Hybrid Optimization technique
Appears in:
ew 18: e32

Authors:
R. Soundara Pandian, R. Jayashree

Published:
23rd Dec 2020

Abstract:
An ideal scheduling model of Thermal-Wind and Pumped Storage Hydro framework is introduced in this paper. Thermal-Wind-Pumped store up Generation Scheduling (TWPGS) with practical and natural highlights of a multi-target optimization issue with many figured constraints are proposed. The fundamental…An ideal scheduling model of Thermal-Wind and Pumped Storage Hydro framework is introduced in this paper. Thermal-Wind-Pumped store up Generation Scheduling (TWPGS) with practical and natural highlights of a multi-target optimization issue with many figured constraints are proposed. The fundamental target is to create 60 minutes by-hour ideal schedule of Thermal-wind-Pumped Storage plants to lessen the operating cost of the thermal power plant and fulfilling the system constraints. The paper introduces a point by point structure of the TWPGS issue, and Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) is proposed to formulate the solution. The proposed GSA chooses the ON/OFF situation of the generating unit and resultant power dispatch with least operating expense. To decide the effectiveness of the GSA model, testing is executed in a standard IEEE 6 bus framework utilizing MATLAB programming. The ideal consequences of the proposed model have been confirmed with the current method. The examination results demonstrated the amazingness of the proposed GSA model.
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Day-ahead electricity price forecasting model based on artificial neural networks for energy markets
Appears in:
ew 18: e31

Authors:
S. Anbazhagan, Bhuvaneswari Ramachandran

Published:
23rd Dec 2020

Abstract:
Day-ahead electricity price forecasting is still an open problem in electricity markets. One major method is used in solving this problem is artificial neural networks (ANN). But they are usually trained slowly and need large numbers of patterns. NN trained using Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) learn…Day-ahead electricity price forecasting is still an open problem in electricity markets. One major method is used in solving this problem is artificial neural networks (ANN). But they are usually trained slowly and need large numbers of patterns. NN trained using Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) learning is proposed and partial autocorrelation is applied on time series data to get correct input values. The functionality of the NN-LM is higher than the traditional ANN and some other hybrid approaches. To show the effectiveness and accuracy of the NN-LM method, the Indian and the Austrian energy exchange markets are considered. It is significant to note that for the very first time, the NN-LM based approach is being tested on both the energy markets. Finally, the flexibility of the proposed approach is checked using a 4-fold cross-validation technique. The 4-fold cross-validation strategy is capable of improving the generalization ability of the model and accomplishing higher forecast precision.
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Intelligent Systems of Machine Learning Approaches for Developing E-Services Portals
Appears in:
ew 18: e30

Authors:
Waleed M. Ead, Mohamed M. Abbassy

Published:
2nd Dec 2020

Abstract:
This paper provides a framework for intelligent servers that provide e-services on portals and applications for e-commerce purposes, such as an intelligent server that can dynamically plan and structure to respond to future users' needs and provide the appropriate e-services at the right tim…This paper provides a framework for intelligent servers that provide e-services on portals and applications for e-commerce purposes, such as an intelligent server that can dynamically plan and structure to respond to future users' needs and provide the appropriate e-services at the right time. To figure out how web users learn the log files collected from web users' connections and the internet, we use data mining techniques. In our experimental study, we use real data sets. Different data mining techniques are also used for Developing Intelligent E-Services Portals in future work, and it is a very difficult task in big data to identify regular trends. As the duration of the trends has to be discovered to expand the analytical space thatgrows exponentially.
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Rating Prediction Method for Item-based Collaborative Filtering Recommender Systems Using Formal Concept Analysis
Appears in:
ew 18: e29

Authors:
Chemmalar Selvi G., Lakshmi Priya G.G.

Published:
2nd Dec 2020

Abstract:
The recommender systems are used to mainly suggest recommendations to the online users by utilizing the user preferences recorded during the item purchase. No matter how, the performance of the recommendation quality seems to be inevitable and far satisfactory. In this paper…The recommender systems are used to mainly suggest recommendations to the online users by utilizing the user preferences recorded during the item purchase. No matter how, the performance of the recommendation quality seems to be inevitable and far satisfactory. In this paper, a new approach based on the mathematical model, Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is used to improve the rating prediction of the unknown users which can certainly overcome the issues of the existing approaches like data sparsity, high dimensionality of data, performance of the recommendation generated for top n recommendation. The FCA method is applied using Boolean Matrix Factorization (ie. optimal formal concepts) in predicting the rating of the unknown users in the available user-item interaction matrix which proves to be more efficientin tackling the problem of computational complexity managing the high dimensionality of data. The proposed method is applied using item-based collaborative filtering technique and the experiment is conducted on the Movielens dataset which shows the satisfactory results. The experiments results are evaluated using the related error metrics and performance metrics. The experimental results are also compared with existing item-based Collaborative Filtering techniques which demonstrate that the performance of recommendation quality gradually improved with state-of-the-art existing techniques.
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Design and Experimental Validation of a Compact Low-Cost Weather Station for Solar Photovoltaic Applications
Appears in:
ew 18: e28

Authors:
Jose A. Salgado, Vitor Monteiro, J. G. Pinto, Joao L. Afonso, Jose A. Afonso

Published:
2nd Dec 2020

Abstract:
This paper presents a compact low-cost weather station specially dedicated to renewable energy applications based on solar photovoltaic (PV) technologies. The main objective of the weather station is to verify which technology of solar PV modules would be more suitable for the specific location whe…This paper presents a compact low-cost weather station specially dedicated to renewable energy applications based on solar photovoltaic (PV) technologies. The main objective of the weather station is to verify which technology of solar PV modules would be more suitable for the specific location where the weather station is installed. Therefore, the developed weather station includes three technologies of PV modules (polycrystalline, monocrystalline, and amorphous silicon), each one connected to a dedicated DC-DC power converter with a maximum power point control (MPPC) functionality, as well as a set of sensors (solar irradiance, temperature, humidity, wind speed, and wind direction) used to measure the local weather. The acquired data is processed and stored locally in the weather station and, when necessary, the user can download the data to an Android mobile device through a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) wireless network connection using the developed mobile app, where the transferred data is stored in a SQLite database and can be visualized in graphs. Throughout the paper, the design of the developed weather station and the associated technologies are described, as well as the details of the mobile app. The developed system comprising the weather station and the mobile app was validated through a set of experimental tests ranging from the data acquisition to its visualization, as well as the achieved wireless data transfer performance.
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Design and Analysis of Energy Efficient Domino Logic Architectures with Single Electron Transistors in Pull Down Network and Keeper Topology
Appears in:
ew 18: e27

Authors:
B. AnishFathima, M. Mahaboob

Published:
27th Nov 2020

Abstract:
Nanotechnology and VLSI goes hand in hand. Modernization of electronics and communication systems has demanded for compactness of the devices with low power and high speed. Conventionally CMOS logic is preferred due to its low power and its high speed benefits. Researches demand a new logic style t…Nanotechnology and VLSI goes hand in hand. Modernization of electronics and communication systems has demanded for compactness of the devices with low power and high speed. Conventionally CMOS logic is preferred due to its low power and its high speed benefits. Researches demand a new logic style that can effectively replace conventional CMOS. Many styles including Domino logic are already gaining attention in this regard. The proposed work introduces Single Electron Transistors (SET) instead of NMOS in Pull Down Network and Keeper transistor of Domino Logic. As SETs are predominant in Nanotechnology, when employed in domino logic circuits as a fusion with normal MOS transistors will contribute effectively in terms of area, power and delay. The parameters are estimated with Cadence 45nm (SET- Spice Model) technology. The proposed domino logic architectures come up with an average of 68% energy efficiency when compared with conventional CMOS circuit and its Domino logic predecessors.
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Transmission Congestion Management in Deregulated Electricity Market using Multi-Objective Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm
Appears in:
ew 18: e26

Authors:
Benjamin Chatuanramtharnghaka, Subhasish Deb

Published:
27th Nov 2020

Abstract:
In this paper, a study of multi-objective based congestion management is carried out by generator rescheduling with considering generator fuels cost. Due to the rapid growth of electrical load, the pressure in the transmission sector increases to provide transmis…In this paper, a study of multi-objective based congestion management is carried out by generator rescheduling with considering generator fuels cost. Due to the rapid growth of electrical load, the pressure in the transmission sector increases to provide transmission of power in a safe manner. But owing to the load growth, the transmission line power flow reaches beyond thermal limit which results in transmission congestion. The congestion management in the present work has been done in a multi-objective framework considering generator rescheduling method as one of the objectives. A Multi-objective Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (MOGOA) is implemented to perform the optimization for elimination of congested line and minimizing the operational cost of the system. The efficacy of the proposed method has been compared and analyzed with different multi-objective algorithms in IEEE 30 bus test system.
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Development and Evaluation of Smart Home IoT Systems applied to HVAC Monitoring and Control
Appears in:
ew 18: e25

Authors:
Ruben E. Figueiredo, Aníbal A. Alves, Vitor Monteiro, J. G. Pinto, João L. Afonso, José A. Afonso

Published:
19th Nov 2020

Abstract:
This work describes the development and evaluation of two smart home-based Internet of Things (IoT) systems applied to HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) monitoring and control, including parameters such as temperature, humidity, air quality, smoke detection, and…This work describes the development and evaluation of two smart home-based Internet of Things (IoT) systems applied to HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) monitoring and control, including parameters such as temperature, humidity, air quality, smoke detection, and human presence. These systems are based on a flexible hybrid wireless network architecture combining Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and IEEE 802.11/Wi-Fi, in order to adapt to the requirements of different types of sensor and actuator devices. The original implemented network is based on Cypress PSoC 4 BLE boards and HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP), whereas the new network uses ESP32 boards and includes Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT), a lightweight messaging protocol suitable for IoT devices which provides additional quality of service (QoS) mechanisms to guarantee the delivery of messages. A smart temperature control system was implemented in the BLE/Wi-Fi gateway (Raspberry Pi) to keep the room temperature inside a user-defined range. An online database was also developed using the Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud platform, allowing the users to access the HVAC data and control the system parameters, through the Internet, using a mobile app developed for Android devices. Experimental tests were performed to validate the functionalities and performance of the developed systems. The obtained results demonstrate that the new network provides lower delay values compared with the original implementation.
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Text Steganography in Statistically Clustered Iris Image
Appears in:
ew 18: e24

Authors:
Irtefaa A. Neamah, Hind Rustum Mohammed

Published:
18th Nov 2020

Abstract:
The hiding text within the iris to increase the data protection method is discussed in this work. It is impossible to distinguish between the iris image before and after concealment, and the difference between the two images only after using statistical measures such as PSNR and MSR to compare the…The hiding text within the iris to increase the data protection method is discussed in this work. It is impossible to distinguish between the iris image before and after concealment, and the difference between the two images only after using statistical measures such as PSNR and MSR to compare them. The proposed database consists of 500 images with different formats (tif, gif, png, jpg, .bmp) selected for analysis. The proposed method is shown with more accurate results, stronger image encoding, and high-efficiency text protection using performance evaluation factors to assess business standards. The success of hiding high-text ratios proved successful. Experimental results were shown based on a statistical strategy, and that the text was converted into two random variables, X and Y, which were distributed to Asia. Then, the random variables' data were included in the iris segment, cut-off, and iris' clustered image. It appears that the use of our proposed scheme can include sufficient data in the image of the iris that maintains the accuracy of the identification.
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Semantic Web and Web Page Clustering Algorithms: A Landscape View
Appears in:
ew 18: e23

Authors:
Ahmed J. Obaid, Tanusree Chatterjee, Abhishek Bhattacharya

Published:
18th Nov 2020

Abstract:
The major evolution of the semantic web has become exchanging data between applications in all domains of activities. Based on this vision, different applications in recent days, e.g. in the fields of community web portals, social networking, e-learning, multimedia retrieval, etc. have been designe…The major evolution of the semantic web has become exchanging data between applications in all domains of activities. Based on this vision, different applications in recent days, e.g. in the fields of community web portals, social networking, e-learning, multimedia retrieval, etc. have been designed. Due to growing number of web services, clustering of web resources becomes a valuable tool for semantic web mining. Clustering of internet objects like Internet web pages’ intimate new methods for grouping correlated content for better understanding and satisfies massive user query results in web pages’ search. Hence, web pages clustering algorithms should be able to handle massive irregular content and discover knowledge regardless of the web page complexity. These algorithms vary depending on the characteristics and data types. So, choosing the most appropriate algorithm is not an easy process as it should be accurate in terms of time and space complexity. Therefore, this paper rigorously surveys the most important algorithms of different types used for web page clustering. In addition, a comparative analysis of all such algorithms are provided in terms of several parameters. Finally, a brief discussion is provided on why web page clustering isimportant in emerging era of Semantic Web of Thing (SWoT) applications.
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A Survey of Biometric Recognition Using Deep Learning
Appears in:
ew 18: e22

Authors:
Haider Mehraj, Ajaz Hussain Mir

Published:
27th Oct 2020

Abstract:
Biometrics is a technique used to define, assess, and quantify a person's physical and behavioral property. In recent history, deep learning has shown impressive progress in several places, including computer vision and natural language processing for supervised learning. Since biometrics d…Biometrics is a technique used to define, assess, and quantify a person's physical and behavioral property. In recent history, deep learning has shown impressive progress in several places, including computer vision and natural language processing for supervised learning. Since biometrics deals with a person's traits, it mainly involves supervised learning and may exploit deep learning effectiveness in other similar fields. In this article, a survey of more than 60 promising biometric works using deep learning is provided, illustrating their strengths and potential in various applications. The paper starts with biometric basics, transfer learning in deep biometrics, an overview of convolutional neural networks, and then survey work. We address all the strategies and datasets used along with their accuracy. Further, some of the main challenges when utilizing these biometric recognition models and potential future avenues for research into this field are also addressed.
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Wind energy investigation of straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine using computational analysis
Appears in:
ew 18: e21

Author:
Sukanta Roga

Published:
27th Oct 2020

Abstract:
Vertical axis wind turbines received renewed attention for increasing offshore wind energy harvesting and in urban environments. This turbine reflects a specific type of technology that generates electricity from wind, which is renewable sources of energy. This research explores th…Vertical axis wind turbines received renewed attention for increasing offshore wind energy harvesting and in urban environments. This turbine reflects a specific type of technology that generates electricity from wind, which is renewable sources of energy. This research explores the effect of blade profile modifications on the VAWT aerofoil NACA0012 and NACA2415. Analysis of the lift/drag coefficient and calculation of the average torque/self-starting potential of NACA0012 and NACA2415 for NACA0012, as this is a significantly better measure of the power generated at different pitch angles and comparison of both profiles. The dataset is created using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, which were performed in ANSYS-Fluent. Various parameters, such as the number, thickness, and angle of attack of the Reynolds no.were investigated. The aerodynamics of the wind turbine blade is shown to increase the optimized form of the modified aerofoil.
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Performance of Wind Energy Conversion System with Parallel Wind Turbines Topology
Appears in:
ew 18: e20

Authors:
Surinder Singh, Ravi Ravi

Published:
27th Oct 2020

Abstract:
Worldwide, a significant growth has been noticed in wind turbine installed capacity which encourages the exploration of new Wind Turbine topologies and developed it. In this paper, a parallel connected Wind Turbine generation units based on variable speed directly coupled Permanent Magnet Syn…Worldwide, a significant growth has been noticed in wind turbine installed capacity which encourages the exploration of new Wind Turbine topologies and developed it. In this paper, a parallel connected Wind Turbine generation units based on variable speed directly coupled Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (Type-4) system is proposed. The proposed system is connected to grid source via a common back to back DC link connection between generating machine side power converter and grid side inverter. The modeling and control strategies for the proposed system is investigated. The controllers of generating machine-side and grid-side converters worked concurrently to meet unity power factor operation and under grid fault operation along with low voltage ride through capability. Two units of parallel connected Wind Turbine generation system with their respective control strategy and single grid side inverter along with common back to back DC link have been simulated in MATLAB Simulink using SimPowerSystem toolbox. The successfulness of the proposed system and their control strategies is verified by its simulation results.
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Present State-of-the-Art of Continuous Neighbor Discovery in Asynchronous Wireless Sensor Networks
Appears in:
ew 18: e19

Authors:
Sagar Mekala, K Shahu Chatrapati

Published:
27th Oct 2020

Abstract:
In this paper, we reviewed the literature on various techniques found in WSN for neighbor discovery. Neighbor discovery is a fundamental phenomenon in the network in the deployment phase. However, due to the dynamic nature of WSN, and there are possibilities of adding new nodes and removing nodes f…In this paper, we reviewed the literature on various techniques found in WSN for neighbor discovery. Neighbor discovery is a fundamental phenomenon in the network in the deployment phase. However, due to the dynamic nature of WSN, and there are possibilities of adding new nodes and removing nodes from the network, continuous neighbour discovery is needed. It does mean that neighbour discovery is not a one-time task. With neighbour discovery, there are many advantages to WSN. The efficiency of the network is improved besides saving the energy of nodes and increasing the lifetime of nodes. The review of the literature made in this paper provides useful insights on the present state of the art of continuous neighbour discovery in WSN. It also provides research gaps found in the literature.
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DMST Approach for Analysis of 2 and 3 Bladed Type Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Appears in:
ew 18: e18

Authors:
Sukanta Roga, Sudhir Kumar Dubey

Published:
27th Oct 2020

Abstract:
Wind energy has lately been one of the world's leading outlets of clean energy for producing power in potential environments across the globe. Academics currently undertake numerous analysis practices to improve and refine current wind turbine designs by means of advanced and diverse computational …Wind energy has lately been one of the world's leading outlets of clean energy for producing power in potential environments across the globe. Academics currently undertake numerous analysis practices to improve and refine current wind turbine designs by means of advanced and diverse computational techniques. Various computations tools based on Computational fluid dynamics are available. However, these require a lot of computational time and hardware resources. On the other side, readily accessible basic methods like QBlade are computationally cheap and could be used for efficiency and design analysis of wind turbines on the horizontal and vertical axis. The present study is based on the variable pitch study of vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) of straight blade NACA0018 airfoil for low speed utilizing QBlade software. The results are validated and compared with the experimental results and it was found to be in good agreement with them for TSR ranging from 1 to 6.
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Increasing photovoltaic self-consumption with game theory and blockchain
Appears in:
ew 18: e17

Authors:
Matthieu Stephant, Dhaker Abbes, Kahina Hassam-Ouar, Antoine Labrunie, Benoît Robyns

Published:
27th Oct 2020

Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: This paper presents a distributed approach to optimise self-consumption on a local energy community containing photovoltaic generators, electric vehicles, loads and a storage system. OBJECTIVES: The goal is to maximise energy sharing between users while preserving the indivual objecti…INTRODUCTION: This paper presents a distributed approach to optimise self-consumption on a local energy community containing photovoltaic generators, electric vehicles, loads and a storage system. OBJECTIVES: The goal is to maximise energy sharing between users while preserving the indivual objectives of each user. METHODS: Game theory is employed to model users’ behavior and preferences. A distributed algorithm is used to solve the optimisation problem. In addition, a physical model of the grid is built to verify if the solutions respect grid constraints. Finally, a private blockchain environnement is deployed to concretely implement this distributed framework with a smart contract. RESULTS: It is shown that the proposed approach effectively leads to an increase of self-consumption rate on the local grid. CONCLUSION: The proposed distributed framework, combining game theory and blockchain, shows real potential to improve energy sharing on energy communities.
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Design and Implementation of a Hybrid Neuro-Fuzzy Corrector for DC Bus Voltage Regulation
Appears in:
ew 18: e16

Authors:
El hadji Mbaye NDiaye, Alphousseyni Ndiaye, Mactar Faye

Published:
8th Oct 2020

Abstract:
The pursuit of the MPP and the control of the inverter play a very important role in a PV system connected to the utility grid. In this paper, an intelligent method is used to regulate the DC bus voltage. The hybrid neuro-fuzzy algorithm HNFtype is used. The latter is a combination of fuzzy logic a…The pursuit of the MPP and the control of the inverter play a very important role in a PV system connected to the utility grid. In this paper, an intelligent method is used to regulate the DC bus voltage. The hybrid neuro-fuzzy algorithm HNFtype is used. The latter is a combination of fuzzy logic and neural networks. The PV chain, dependent on climatic conditions needs mechanisms to optimize the power it delivers, but also the injection of good quality energy to the utility grid. Among these mechanisms, there is the control of the three-phase inverter: grid currents control and DC bus voltage regulation which is based on the HNF. The implementation of the model and its simulation under Matlab/Simulink indicates that only the active power is injected into the grid. They also reveal that the HNF has a response time (Rt) of 0.097 s, a rise time (rt) of 4.30610-3s and a THD of 0.85% compared to the modified PID which has a response time of 0.659 s, a rise time of 0.156 s and a THD of 2.74%.
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Design Issues of Wireless Sensor Network and Open Research Challenges
Appears in:
ew 18: e15

Author:
Mininath K. Nighot

Published:
6th Oct 2020

Abstract:
WSN is becoming more popular day by day among researchers due to its vast real-time applications. Various design parameters directly affect the overall performance and lifetime of the network. The design of WSN system is depends upon application. Many paramete…WSN is becoming more popular day by day among researchers due to its vast real-time applications. Various design parameters directly affect the overall performance and lifetime of the network. The design of WSN system is depends upon application. Many parameters need to consider to design WSN system such as number of nodes, types of nodes, routing strategies, way of communication among the nodes and in the network, etc. The network structure and its operations categorize the WSN into flat-based and cluster-based systems. At present, the major challenge is designing and deploying the WSN system. The objective of the paper is to study and analyze all the essential parameters to overcome the challenge. The paper also critically reviews the literature. Finally, the paper is summarized and concluded with open research issues to design robust, low cost, energy-aware WSN systems.
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Energy-Aware Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Network Based on Fuzzy Logic: A 10-Years Analytical Review
Appears in:
ew 18: e14

Authors:
Anshu Kumar Dwivedi, A. K. Sharma, Pawan Singh Mehra

Published:
6th Oct 2020

Abstract:
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have limited storage capacity, communication bandwidth, processing speed, and battery issues. All these factors affect the lifespan of a WSN. Solving all these issues and increasing the lifespan of the WSN. Energy optimization in WSNs is a …Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have limited storage capacity, communication bandwidth, processing speed, and battery issues. All these factors affect the lifespan of a WSN. Solving all these issues and increasing the lifespan of the WSN. Energy optimization in WSNs is a demanding issue that drives a huge effort in research and various standardization procedures have been undertaken in this area for the past several years. To deal with the reduction of energy consumption issues in WSNs, various clustering protocols have evolved. In this context, some protocols select an appropriate node as the cluster head to extend the lifespan of the network and also clustering reviewed techniques. In this paper, different fuzzy-based clustering methods are discussed which is helpful in designing novel energy-efficient fuzzy-based routing protocols for WSN. The main purpose of this article is to review different types of routing protocols with their advantages and limitations. In addition, various protocols have been compared graphically with their lifetimes. Various tables are depicted which are helpful for extended studies, graphical comparison between the latest clustering techniques shows the most suitable clustering technique for improving network lifetime.
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A Review on Security Constrained Economic Dispatch of Integrated Renewable Energy Systems
Appears in:
ew 18: e13

Authors:
Shewit Tsegaye, Fekadu Shewarega, Getachew Bekele

Published:
25th Sep 2020

Abstract:
This paper presents a selective survey of papers, books, and reports that articulate recent trends of Security Constrained Economic Dispatch (SCED) of integrated renewable energy systems (IRES). The time-period under consideration is 2008 through 2020. This is done to…This paper presents a selective survey of papers, books, and reports that articulate recent trends of Security Constrained Economic Dispatch (SCED) of integrated renewable energy systems (IRES). The time-period under consideration is 2008 through 2020. This is done to provide an up-to-date review of the recent, major advancements in the SCED, and state-of-the-art since 2008. This helps identify further challenges needed in adopting smarter grids, and indicate ways to address these challenges. The study was conducted in three areas of interest that are relevant for articulating the recent trends of SCED. These areas are (i) SCED of power systems with IRES, (ii) SCED mathematical formulation and solution methods, and (iii) SCED challenges. The review results and research directions deduce that the state of the art research is not enough and needs special attention on following the path of artificial intelligence-based optimization.
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Comparative investigation of Savonius and hybrid H-Savonius wind rotor - an energy and exergy analysis
Appears in:
ew 18: e12

Authors:
Shikha Bhuyan, Agnimitra Biswas

Published:
25th Sep 2020

Abstract:
Exergy analysis is a vital tool for wind power development apart from energy analysis. The present study is based on a comparative energy and exergy analysis of Savonius wind rotor and hybrid H-Savonius wind rotor based on the parameters- power coefficient, …Exergy analysis is a vital tool for wind power development apart from energy analysis. The present study is based on a comparative energy and exergy analysis of Savonius wind rotor and hybrid H-Savonius wind rotor based on the parameters- power coefficient, power output and exergy efficiency, by using an experimental approach. For this the performances of a two-bladed Savonius rotor, a three bladed Savonius rotor, and a hybrid two-bladed Savonius and three-bladed H-rotor (H-Savonius rotor) are analyzed at four different wind velocities (7.5, 8.5, 10.5 and 12.5 m/s). The results show that power coefficient for the two-bladed Savonius rotor is higher than the three-bladed Savonius rotor with a maximum power coefficient of 0.18 at 10m/s wind velocity. The two-bladed Savonius rotor is then attached with the H-rotor having unsymmetrical S818 airfoil blades for which the maximum power coefficient of the hybrid turbine is creased to 0.197. The exergy efficiency of the H-Savonius rotor is found higher than any other rotor, which is increased by 8.5% compared to the two-bladed Savonius rotor and which is also higher than published result. The novelty of the present study is that it analyses the work potential of some prominent vertical axis wind turbines under varying wind speed conditions.
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The Key Managerial Competencies Tendencies Application in the Business Environment in Slovakia within the Context of Industry 4.0
Appears in:
ew 18: e11

Authors:
Z. Stacho, K. Stachová, D. Cagáňová, J. Blštáková

Published:
28th Aug 2020

Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: With the arrival of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the business environment in Slovakia, as well as abroad, determines enormous increase in the number and intensity of changes. In order to remain competitive, it is necessary to respond adequately to this situation. The key to the s…INTRODUCTION: With the arrival of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the business environment in Slovakia, as well as abroad, determines enormous increase in the number and intensity of changes. In order to remain competitive, it is necessary to respond adequately to this situation. The key to the survival in such environment is the preparation of businesses, and especially the available managers to these changes.
OBJECTIVES: In this paper, the authors of the paper focus on identifying the tendencies of applying selected key managerial competencies, such as a strategic approach to human resources development, effective in-formation sharing or management engagement in the creation of the business innovative organizational culture, within the businesses operating in Slovakia over the past five years. METHODS: Several research statistical methods were used to achieve the aim of the paper. A questionnaire with 90 questions focused on formal human resource management issues was used. RESULTS: In the overall assessment of the key managerial competencies analysis, such as the strategic approach to human resources development, effective information sharing or engagement in the creation of innovative organizational culture in enterprises operating in Slovakia over the past five years, a positive trend can be observed. CONCLUSION: In order to remain competitive, it is necessary to respond adequately to changes of situation. The key to the survival in such environment is the preparation of the managers to these changes. Results point to a positive trend and hope that the unflattering situation of managers’ preparation to the beginnings of the Fourth Industrial Revolution will improve in the future.
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A Contemplative Analysis of Thyroid Disorders based on ECG Signal and Thyroid Test Measure
Appears in:
ew 18: e10

Authors:
M. Deepika, K. Kalaiselvi

Published:
26th Aug 2020

Abstract:
Hypothyroidism can influence the heart and circulatory framework in various manners. Inadequate thyroid hormone eases back the pulse. With the goal of forecasting hypothyroid, by utilizing thyroid measures turns out to be high intricacy in order of Hypothyroid and Hyperth…Hypothyroidism can influence the heart and circulatory framework in various manners. Inadequate thyroid hormone eases back the pulse. With the goal of forecasting hypothyroid, by utilizing thyroid measures turns out to be high intricacy in order of Hypothyroid and Hyperthyroid. Some of the common clinically most relevant findings explaining hyperthyroidism as well as hypothyroidism are the anatomic symptoms of the disease of Thyroid disease. Data Mining plays a vital role in the process of prediction and classification. The proposed work utilizes the information mining methods, such as the characterization and expectation by adopting parallel tree calculation. A Trust Region method for Nonlinear Minimization streamlining calculation is incorporated in the count of QRS point discovery in electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. This proposed model is re-enacted on the MATLAB R2014b. This analysis is used to assess the relationship among outright thyroxine (T4) and thyrotropin (TSH) levels with ECG parameters.
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Sustainability of Trucks Parking in European Union
Appears in:
ew 18: e9

Authors:
M. Poliak, A. Poliakova

Published:
26th Aug 2020

Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: Parking in road freight transport has been a problem for a long time. Several EU legislative decisions have contributed to reducing the sustainability of the parking system in recent times. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this paper is to point out the negative impact of social law requirement…INTRODUCTION: Parking in road freight transport has been a problem for a long time. Several EU legislative decisions have contributed to reducing the sustainability of the parking system in recent times. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this paper is to point out the negative impact of social law requirements on the parking of freight vehicles. The aim is also to propose the methodology of determining the necessary number of parking spaces for possible compliance with the requirements of social law. METHODS: Own research is realized by the numbering of parking spaces on selected routes in the EU and comparing with the number of freight vehicles on the route. RESULTS: We have shown that there are not enough parking areas for current transport flows in frame of whole EU. In assessing of the requirement of EU social law to prohibit weekly rest in the cab of a vehicle, we have come the conclusion that in current capacity of hotels in highway resting areas, it is not possible to meet this requirement of social law. CONCLUSION: The proposed methodology defines the needed number of parking places for a specific area. From the point of view of the sustainability of road freight transport, it is essential that parking areas are planned in accordance with regulatory requirements. Otherwise, drivers are forced to cheat, what leads to distortion of the whole road freight transport market.
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Particulate matter measurement by using the particle sizers APS and SMPS
Appears in:
ew 18: e8

Authors:
M. Holubčík, J. Jandačka, P. Ďurčanský, A. Čaja

Published:
24th Aug 2020

Abstract:
Currently, there is an increasing trend in the use of biomass for energy purposes, due to global pressure on the use of renewable energy sources and a gradual decline in fossil fuel stocks. However, biomass combustion can be considered as a significant source of particulate concentrations in the…Currently, there is an increasing trend in the use of biomass for energy purposes, due to global pressure on the use of renewable energy sources and a gradual decline in fossil fuel stocks. However, biomass combustion can be considered as a significant source of particulate concentrations in the atmosphere. Measurement of particles from biomass combustion plants is very demanding; the particle size range is large, usually ranging from a few nanometers (nm) to a few micrometers (μm). The measurement of the particles is carried out in terms of mass concentrations, numerous concentrations and their particle size distribution. The selection of metering devices for measuring particulate matter and their size distribution is important because different devices differ in their characteristics and have specific advantages and disadvantages. The large particle number concentrations in the flue gas after biomass combustion exceed the detection capacity of some plants, therefore they are used for measurement with flue gas diluents for measurement. At present, the gravimetric method, the method of particulate matter measuring using an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) or a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) is often used. The cascade impactor gravimetric method is based on comparing particles basedon their aerodynamic diameter. APS is a spectrometer that measures particles between 0.5 and 20 μm in size. The working principle is based on the acceleration of aerosol sample flow through an accelerating orifice. SMPS measures the size distribution and concentration of particles in the size range of 1 nm to 1 μm using differential mobility analysis. When the device SMPS is used with the APS, the range increases to 20 μm. This paper focuses on the measurement of particulate matter by tandem connection of APS and SMPS particle sizers using dilution. Dilution is used to eliminate the mechanisms that arise when sampling particles that may affect their properties. These are nucleation, condensation, evaporation and coagulation. The results are then compared with gravimetric measurements.
more »
Choosing the method for determining angular motions of motor vehicle electromechanical subassemblies
Appears in:
ew 18: e7

Authors:
O. Dziubenko, Shch. Arhun, A. Hnatov, S. Ponikarovska

Published:
24th Aug 2020

Abstract:
The most common methods and devices for determining the rotational angle of electromechanical subassemblies (RAEMSA) of motor vehicles were analyzed. The analysis showed that the incremental method proves to be the most favorable for automobiles involving a sync…The most common methods and devices for determining the rotational angle of electromechanical subassemblies (RAEMSA) of motor vehicles were analyzed. The analysis showed that the incremental method proves to be the most favorable for automobiles involving a synchronization disk and a digital Hall sensor for mechanisms that make a full rotational movement, AMR sensors for mechanisms operating in a limited sector of the rotational angle. An algorithm for processing the sensor signals to expand the measuring range for the angle of the operating mechanism position has been developed. This algorithm allows doubling the measuring range for the angle of the working mechanism position.
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Energy accumulation system based on gas hydrates
Appears in:
ew 18: e6

Authors:
Peter Durcansky, Jozef Jandacka, Milan Malcho, Michal Holubcik

Published:
21st Aug 2020

Abstract:
Accumulation of primary energy of natural gas is a perspective option to store natural gas as artificially created hydrate, where this matter can be stored and, if necessary, can be released to cover energy peaks. Gas can be stored this way at partially higher temperatures and low pressures compare…Accumulation of primary energy of natural gas is a perspective option to store natural gas as artificially created hydrate, where this matter can be stored and, if necessary, can be released to cover energy peaks. Gas can be stored this way at partially higher temperatures and low pressures compared to other storage technologies. The technique of rapidly and continuously producing hydrates of gas could compete with the existing means for storing and transporting these energy reserves in more than an economically efficient aspect, but again these new technologies need development. Transporting and storage of natural gas is economically and technologically demanding, which is always reflected in the resulting price. Natural gas hydrates allow transport and storage at low pressures and relatively favorable temperatures. Presented article deals with design of new energy accumulation system based on gas hydrates. In article is presented the main design and also a numerical model, where the parameters of created hydrate are qualified.
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SRR Slotted Multiband Antenna in Sub 6-GHz for Futuristic Communication
Appears in:
ew 18: e5

Authors:
Ranjan Mishra, Rajeev Dandotia, Raj Gaurav Mishra, Piyush Kuchhal, Rupendra Kumar Pachauri

Published:
21st Aug 2020

Abstract:
Futuristic communication in sub 6-GHz demands a compact antenna with multi-band resonance. This would be necessary to cater to the need in LTE, Wireless Fidelity, and 5G applications. A compact microstrip inverted slotted antenna for the future sub 6 -GHz wireless and mobile applications employs an…Futuristic communication in sub 6-GHz demands a compact antenna with multi-band resonance. This would be necessary to cater to the need in LTE, Wireless Fidelity, and 5G applications. A compact microstrip inverted slotted antenna for the future sub 6 -GHz wireless and mobile applications employs an important role in the present scenario. In this investigation, a slotted antenna especially for multi-band mobile applications in sub 6-GHz is presented. The slotted rectangular patch is matched with a microstrip offset feed line and stub matching. The performance of the single-layer slotted antenna is significantly improved using a slotted SRR structure. The designed antenna shows good reflections co-efficient at 3 GHz and 4 GHz with good return loss. The antenna exhibits impedance bandwidth up to 200 MHz and peak gain up to 4 dBi. It finds its application at the precise frequency for mobile wireless communication in LTE and sub 6-GHz for future 5G applications.
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A Multi Criteria Decision Making Approach for the Selection of Optimum Location for Wind Power Project in India
Appears in:
ew 18: e4

Authors:
V. Manoj, V. Sai Sravani, A. Swathi

Published:
21st Aug 2020

Abstract:
This study tried to find out the selection of site for the wind turbine in India. We have chosen six wind power projects which are located different places in India. Wind power, Hub height, Distance, Cost, CO2, Wind speed and Blade height are the seven criteria had taken for the selection of best l…This study tried to find out the selection of site for the wind turbine in India. We have chosen six wind power projects which are located different places in India. Wind power, Hub height, Distance, Cost, CO2, Wind speed and Blade height are the seven criteria had taken for the selection of best location.The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is integrated with technique for order reference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) to meet the objective of this study. Firstly, the weights of each criterionare to determine using AHP. These weights will be used in TOPSIS method to select the best project. A case study is performed to exhibit the application of the methods was conducted to evaluate six types of wind power projects. The AHP-TOPSIS result showed that the Muppandal wind farm, Kanyakumariis the best wind power project among the six projects.
more »
Using Resonance and Soft-Switching to Enhance Efficiency of Underwater Vehicle's Contactless Charge System
Appears in:
ew 18: e3

Authors:
V. A. Gerasimov, A. V. Komlev, A. Yu. Filozhenko

Published:
4th Aug 2020

Abstract:
The contactless battery charge system of the autonomous underwater vehicle allows to significantly increase the device operating time in automatic mode under water. Using a transformer with a non-magnetic gap in such a system leads to an increased load on the inverter's power switches.…The contactless battery charge system of the autonomous underwater vehicle allows to significantly increase the device operating time in automatic mode under water. Using a transformer with a non-magnetic gap in such a system leads to an increased load on the inverter's power switches. The article presents a solution to the problem of unloading switches using resonant circuits in combination with the "soft switching" mode of the inverter. It is proposed to use a serial LC-circuit connected in parallel to the transformer primary winding, and a capacitor on its secondary side. Recommendations are given for selecting parameters of resonant elements that minimize the charge time of the underwater vehicle's batteries. The using of research results allows to significantly reduce heat loss while maintaining the transmitted active power. The losses in the inverter were reduced from 130 W to 12 W for the transformer idle mode, and from 170 W to 25 W for the transformer short-circuit mode.
more »
Survey Based on Security Aware Caching Scheme for IoT Based Information Centric Networking
Appears in:
ew 18: e2

Authors:
M. Sakthivanitha, S. Saradha

Published:
4th Aug 2020

Abstract:
Information-Centric Networking (ICN) empowered by information-centric paradigm takes popular paradigm place of host-centric networking of communication networks, which in turn helps prioritizing the labeled content delivery, with no information on the origin of the conte…Information-Centric Networking (ICN) empowered by information-centric paradigm takes popular paradigm place of host-centric networking of communication networks, which in turn helps prioritizing the labeled content delivery, with no information on the origin of the contents. Security of client and content, originating place, and identity privacy are inherent in ICN paradigm design in contrast to present host centric concept where they are introduced as a second-thought. But, with its genesis, the ICN paradigm exhibits different unresolved challenges in privacy and security. In this work, current literature in ICN privacy and security are explored and open challenges are presented. Especially, three extensive subjects: security threats, risks involved with privacy, access control management techniques are explored. Primary objective of ICN is to modify the present location-based IP network architecture to location-free and content-oriented network framework. ICN can satisfy the demands for caching to the neighbouring edge devices with no more storage deployed. In this work, an several architecture for effective caching at the edge devices for data-centric IoT applications and a rapid content access that depends on novel deep learning techniques and caching processes in ICN. The novel learning-oriented effective caching technique yields the solution to the problem involving the available hash and on-path caching techniques, and the newly introduced content popularity scheme improves the availability content at the devices in the vicinity for minimizing the content transfer time and packet loss ratio.
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Mathematical puzzle based PV array configuration for GMP enhancement under non-uniform irradiation
Appears in:
ew 18: e1

Authors:
Isha Kansal, Rupendra Pachauri

Published:
4th Aug 2020

Abstract:
The performance exploration of the proposed PV array configurations is analysed during the shadowing conditions. The performance evaluation of total-cross-tied (TCT) and symmetric matrix-total-cross-tied (SM-TCT) pattern based electrical connections are assessed according to distinguish…The performance exploration of the proposed PV array configurations is analysed during the shadowing conditions. The performance evaluation of total-cross-tied (TCT) and symmetric matrix-total-cross-tied (SM-TCT) pattern based electrical connections are assessed according to distinguish shadow test cases. The PV system's non-linear conduct is noted in terms ofI-V and P-V curves. During partial shading conditions (PSCs), multiple power points (MPP) are observed such as local MPP and global MPP. Both TCT and SM-TCT configurations are compared in terms of parameters Global MPP, fill factor (FF) and performance enhancement (PE) under the three distinct shadow test cases as (i) lamp post (ii) three cornered shading or structure shadow (iii) single vertex shading respectively.
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IoT-Chain: Security of things for Pervasive, Sustainable and Efficient Computing using Blockchain
Appears in:
ew 20: e7

Authors:
Mohd Majid Akhtar, Danish Raza Rizvi

Published:
20th May 2020

Abstract:
This paper unfolds the infancy of the exquisite experience of the ‘Internet of Things’. It will address the thrilling potential of the looming opportunity of IoT & will echo the integration of things when harnessed with the bubble of internet. The topic is vulnerable due to handful factors but chie…This paper unfolds the infancy of the exquisite experience of the ‘Internet of Things’. It will address the thrilling potential of the looming opportunity of IoT & will echo the integration of things when harnessed with the bubble of internet. The topic is vulnerable due to handful factors but chiefly improves the insights and will observe exponential rise in the ‘Next generation’. The new rule enchanted for future will be “Anything that can be connected will be connected”. Moreover, cognitive consciousness of people will understand that IoT is the next big thing without procrastinating, in particular. This paradigm will review the implementation and challenges of several domotics technologies and others in general within the communication field and its contribution to the ‘Smart World’, exploring supplementary in fields of healthcare, living culture, transportation and furthermore that collectively rise for the world of Ubiquitous computing or Pervasive computing around us. Pervasive computing in short serves as a meaning where smart devices are connected as network and available all time. By scratching past, we have seen DDoS attack happening in 2016 via botnet attacks & malware from the devices such as IP security cameras, routers, printers. IoT as of now, have taken steps for the security but still lacks for the major part. Blockchain, the revolutionary technology behind the famous Bitcoin, which is cryptographically secured and decentralized, hence, can act as the liberator for the security of IoT devices. Blockchain in short are distributed immutable ledger that maintains the integrity of the network by achieving consensus algorithms like Proof of Work or Proof of Stake. Hence, an attacker won’t be able to take down the IoT devices as easy as it was taken down before and eventually, harder to attack or hack the network. This manuscript discusses the use of Blockchain technology implementation for the security of IoT devices along with the sustainable and energy efficient solution towards the problem stated and addresses the limitations, if any. We also discuss the future prospect for IoT, blockchain and other possible architectures.
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Experimental Study of the Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Building Blocks Used in Hot Desert Arid Climate
Appears in:
ew 21(31): e15

Authors:
Miloud Hatia, Abdelouahed Kriker, Djamel Belatrache

Published:
27th Jul 2020

Abstract:
The desert areas in countries are characterized by their high heat, dry climate in summer and a very cold in winter. Currently, the building blocks used in the construction of slabs are found in concrete blocks, which are characterized by poor thermal performance. In the past, traditional gypsum …The desert areas in countries are characterized by their high heat, dry climate in summer and a very cold in winter.
Currently, the building blocks used in the construction of slabs are found in concrete blocks, which are characterized by
poor thermal performance. In the past, traditional gypsum was used to ensure that the stones used in the roof, which are
shaped as domes, gave a significant thermal performance. In recent years, with the development of construction, other
blocks have emerged in the market, such as scorched soil and polyester. The aim of this study is to determine the
mechanical and thermal properties of the tested brick by laboratory experiments, as well as to make recommendations in
line with the desert climatic conditions. The results show that the use of natural materials found in Sidi Khouield is highly
efficient in reducing the internal temperature of studied houses. A maximal difference in the temperature between the
inside and outside reaches 15 °C in P3.
more »
Method of Calculating the Main Parameters of the Generator in Various Modes of the Car Regenerative Braking
Appears in:
ew 21(31): e14

Authors:
V. Dvadnenko, Shch. Arhun, A. Bogajevskiy, S. Ponikarovska

Published:
27th Jul 2020

Abstract:
Improving the method of regenerative braking of a car with a start-stop system by installing an additional generator is offered. An option of the optimal control of the brake torque of an additional generator is offered. The regenerative braking under consideration required an appropriate method …Improving the method of regenerative braking of a car with a start-stop system by installing an additional generator is
offered. An option of the optimal control of the brake torque of an additional generator is offered. The regenerative
braking under consideration required an appropriate method of calculation. This technique makes possible to obtain the
dependence of the braking moment on the angular velocity of the generator in various modes, the dependence of the
allowable maximum generator power on the speed and load, the dependence of efficiency and the braking moment on the
speed. Redistribution of energy generated by an additional generator for charging the battery and heating the engine
coolant has been introduced. The brake torque of the electric machine G290 is calculated in the mode of regenerative
braking. The obtained results are of practical importance for the transport industry. Calculated N at which the current 150
А is reached. According to factory data the ultimate current is reached at 1450 rpm (discrepancy of less than 3%). So, there
is a good coincidence of calculated data. This method does not require a great number of experimental points. The
obtained results are of practical importance for the transport industry.
more »
A Hybrid Elephant Optimization Algorithm-based Cluster Head Selection to Extend Network Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)
Appears in:
ew 21(31): e13

Authors:
S. Prahadeeshwaran, G. Maria Priscilla

Published:
27th Jul 2020

Abstract:
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) comprise of a number of sensor nodes that are capable of sensing and aggregating the data from the monitoring environment. However, the process of recharging the limited energy sensor node batteries are highly difficult during adverse situations. This limitation of…Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) comprise of a number of sensor nodes that are capable of sensing and aggregating the data
from the monitoring environment. However, the process of recharging the limited energy sensor node batteries are highly
difficult during adverse situations. This limitation of sensor nodes greatly crumbles the network lifetime to a maximum degree
and degrades the level of reliable data dissemination. In this paper, a Novel Individual Updating Strategies-based Hybrid
Elephant Herding Optimization Algorithm (NIUS-HEHOA) is planned for facilitating energy balanced cluster head selection
for the objective of extending the network lifetime. It included energy-aware optimization process during the clustering
schemes, since it is considered as a solution to the significant NP complete optimization problem. It is propounded as a swarm
intelligent algorithms are identified to be the most applicable candidate for energy optimization that leads to significant
improvement in network lifetime. It is contributed to maintain the deviation between exploitation and exploration such that
least potential sensor nodes are prevented from being chosen as cluster heads. The simulation experiments confirmed that the
proposed NIUS-HEHOA scheme is better than the benchmarked schemes in terms of alive nodes, dead nodes, residual energy,
network lifetime and throughput.
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Target Coverage and Network Connectivity Challenges in Wireless Sensor Networks
Appears in:
ew 21(31): e12

Authors:
Deepa R, Revathi Venkataraman

Published:
23rd Jul 2020

Abstract:
Target Coverage and Network Connectivity in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) plays a momentous role in the field of monitoring environment, habitant observing, disaster recovery, surveillance, etc. Coverage and Network Connectivity collectively can be considered as a proportion of Quality of Servi…Target Coverage and Network Connectivity in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) plays a momentous role in the field of
monitoring environment, habitant observing, disaster recovery, surveillance, etc. Coverage and Network Connectivity
collectively can be considered as a proportion of Quality of Service (QoS) in a sensor network. It implies the coverage of
each point in the detecting field while in the meantime fulfilling the measure that each node is surrounded by the
equivalent neighbourhood of at least one other node. Many primary issues influence the outline and performance of WSN.
A Comprehensive survey is made based on the scheduling algorithm and set cover approach, in which we analyze various
approaches and their algorithm complexity. Firstly, the scheduling algorithm intermittently provides the required data
service with guaranteed efficiency. This methodology can efficiently reduce the entire number of active nodes in the
network, resulting in maximizing the network lifetime. Secondly, the set cover approach plays a major role in solving
target coverage problem which group sensors into each cover set thereby, target coverage was achieved. Typical issues and
open research challenges are addressed by classifying the approaches available in literature into three broad categories
namely, adaptable coverage radius, coverage deployment strategy, and sleep scheduling. This survey aims to provide a
better perceptive of the existing open challenges and possible futuristic approaches for target coverage and network
connectivity in wireless sensor networks.
more »
A Genetic Programming Approach to Binary Classification Problem
Appears in:
ew 21(31): e11

Authors:
Leo Willyanto Santoso, Bhopendra Singh, S. Suman Rajest, R. Regin, Karrar Hameed Kadhim

Published:
17th Jul 2020

Abstract:
The Binary classification is the most challenging problem in machine learning. One of the most promising technique to solve this problem is by implementing genetic programming (GP). GP is one of Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) that used to solve problems that humans do not know how to solve it direct…The Binary classification is the most challenging problem in machine learning. One of the most promising technique to solve
this problem is by implementing genetic programming (GP). GP is one of Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) that used to solve
problems that humans do not know how to solve it directly. The objectives of this research is to demonstrate the use of
genetic programming in this type of problems; that is, other types of techniques are typically used, e.g., regression, artificial
neural networks. Genetic programming presents an advantage compared to those techniques, which is that it does not need
an a priori definition of its structure. The algorithm evolves automatically until finding a model that best fits a set of training
data. Feature engineering was considered to improve the accuracy. In this research, feature transformation and feature
creation were implemented. Thus, genetic programming can be considered as an alternative option for the development of
intelligent systems mainly in the pattern recognition field.
more »
Energy-aware and Bandwidth Allocation for Air Pollution Monitoring System using Data Analytics
Appears in:
ew 21(31): e10

Authors:
Murali Subramanian, Jaisankar Natarajan, Rajkumar Rajasekaran

Published:
17th Jul 2020

Abstract:
The most debated phenomena of the 21st century which might change the global landscape for living organisms. The same phenomena could even threaten climate pattern. Because of this, the earth may experience a highly unstable natural disaster like flooding, cyclone, earthquake, tsunami, severe dro…The most debated phenomena of the 21st century which might change the global landscape for living organisms. The same
phenomena could even threaten climate pattern. Because of this, the earth may experience a highly unstable natural disaster
like flooding, cyclone, earthquake, tsunami, severe drought and inhabitant environment like the highly polluted atmosphere,
intolerable rise in temperature, acid rain, etc, This issue is solved in this research work by the introduction of the technique
referred to as the Air pollution monitoring system with Swarm Intelligence (CASI-CSA-IAFSA) that will do the clustering
of sensor nodes and the assortment of sensor nodes. Then the aggregated data would transmit the optimal route to the base
station designated employing the artificial fish swarm technique. The proposed research technique by the introduction of the
strategy referred to as the bandwidth allocation aware Air pollution monitoring system with cuckoo and fish swarm approach
(BA-APMS-CSFSO).
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A Proposal on Techno-Financial Design aspects of Photovoltaic System for the Twin Districts of Rajouri and Poonch (Jammu & Kashmir)
Appears in:
ew 21(31): e9

Authors:
Shafqat Nabi Mughal, Yog Raj Sood, R.K. Jarial

Published:
17th Jul 2020

Abstract:
In this paper, a procedural analysis involved in the optimal design of the photovoltaic system (PV) is thoroughly described. The study has been carried out by following a proposed design procedure, involving different types of photovoltaic panels and their tracking mechanisms. The proposed method…In this paper, a procedural analysis involved in the optimal design of the photovoltaic system (PV) is thoroughly described.
The study has been carried out by following a proposed design procedure, involving different types of photovoltaic panels
and their tracking mechanisms. The proposed methodology is implemented in the twin districts of jammu & kashmir union
territory (rajouri & poonch). The feasibility of the photovoltaic system has been made based on power output and the cost
of generation. A detailed financial analysis is also carried out to find the levelised cost of electricity, amortisation time, and
internal rate of return. This study will help the power utilities to mitigate their energy issues, by installing a photovoltaic
system based on the proposed design methodology.
more »
Experimental analysis of solar water heater with compound parabolic concentrator
Appears in:
ew 21(31): e8

Authors:
Dikshita Nath, Danish Ansar, Biswajit Das, Shikha Bhuyan

Published:
8th Jul 2020

Abstract:
Among all the non-conventional energy sources, solar energy is one of the most promising and renewable alternative source. Solar water heater can be one of the medium to make best use of this renewable energy for human betterment. The current work is targeted to examine the performance of solar w…Among all the non-conventional energy sources, solar energy is one of the most promising and renewable alternative
source. Solar water heater can be one of the medium to make best use of this renewable energy for human betterment. The
current work is targeted to examine the performance of solar water heater with different absorber plates viz flat plate, VTrough and compound parabolic concentrator. The developed system is intended to supply hot water for a family at a low
cost. This is regional study and illustrates how selecting a proper concentrator can increase the thermal efficiency of this
solar based system. It was experimentally found that, the solar water heater with compound parabolic concentrator profile
as absorber outshines over other two models giving 20.58% more efficient results than V Trough whereas V Trough gives
us 20.37% more efficient results than Flat plate. Also, it is found that, less mass flow rate is required for obtaining higher
degree of temperature in case of solar water heater with compound parabolic concentrator.
more »
A Novel Hybrid Watermarking scheme with Image authentication based on frequency domain, 2- Level SVD using chaotic map
Appears in:
ew 21(31): e7

Authors:
Shahzad Alam, Tanvir Ahmad, M. N. Doja

Published:
7th Jul 2020

Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: In order to protect the owner’s visual multimedia data, various watermarking methods have introduced in the last few years. In image watermarking techniques, a secret watermark image inserted into another image. OBJECTIVES: The main aim of this paper is to implement an image waterma…INTRODUCTION: In order to protect the owner’s visual multimedia data, various watermarking methods have introduced
in the last few years. In image watermarking techniques, a secret watermark image inserted into another image.
OBJECTIVES: The main aim of this paper is to implement an image watermarking technique having high security from
stealing the information hidden in image and make the resultant image more robust against various attacks.
METHODS: In this paper, frequency domain based techniques like DWT, DCT has used with 2 Level SVD and a new 3D
discrete hyper chaotic map. The digital signature and other image parameters have appends in the watermark image to
ensure the security and copyright protection of the original image using RSA, Arnold transforms, and SHA-1, techniques.
At the receiver side, digital signature and information parameters have retrieved from the watermark image and identify to
detect whether an unauthorized person attacks the watermark image or not. To verify the originality of image, the extracted
information parameter, and the hash value of the extracted watermark have compared with the original value of the
parameters and source hash value of the watermark image, respectively. The secret key used in the proposed scheme that
makes the system more robust and adds security to the system. It helps to authenticate the originality of the received
image.
RESULTS: We compare the result with the present scheme proposed by Lin at el. The experiments have conducted to
check various standard image processing attacks, and the watermark extraction process generates a high-quality image
after different attacks. The primary purpose of the suggested watermarking scheme is to ensure reversibility and high
security.
CONCLUSION: The experimental outcomes confirmed that not only the recommended scheme attained higher robustness
and imperceptibility in comparison to our earlier scheme. The Watermark image also recovered successfully with the
known secret key.
more »
Priority-based Routing Framework for VANETs
Appears in:
ew 21(31): e6

Authors:
Emad Felemban, Atif Naseer, Adil Amjad

Published:
7th Jul 2020

Abstract:
Vehicular ad hoc Network (VANET) is a collection of vehicles and associated roadside infrastructure which provide mobile wireless communication services. One of the significant use-cases is to transmit the images using VANET during emergencies like road accidents, traffic congestion, fire, or tra…Vehicular ad hoc Network (VANET) is a collection of vehicles and associated roadside infrastructure which provide mobile
wireless communication services. One of the significant use-cases is to transmit the images using VANET during
emergencies like road accidents, traffic congestion, fire, or traffic hazards. Priority-based routing allows the network to
route critical data on priority. This paper proposes a Priority-based Routing Framework for Image Transmission (PRoFIT)
for VANETs. PRoFIT for VANETs delivers critical image features at high priority to the sink node for early processing.
Simulations were carried out that use PRoFIT for VANETs during the mobility of vehicles in emergency scenarios. The
detailed experiments show the impact of priority-based routing during the mobility of vehicles. Both grid topology and
vehicular topology were simulated. Packet end-to-end delay and delivery ratios were analyzed. A comparison of results of
critical image information delivery with PRoFIT and without PRoFIT shows the impact of using PRoFIT for VANETs.
more »

Calculation of the Levelised Cost of Electrical Energy Storage for Short-Duration Application. LCOS Sensitivity Analysis
Appears in:
ew 19(21): e2

Authors:
Vikenty Melnikov, Gleb Nesterenko, Anton Potapenko, Dmitry Lebedev

Downloads:
2259

Abstract:
This paper research the issues of economic comparison of electrical energy storage systems based on the levelised cost of storage (LCOS). One of the proposed formulas for LCOS calculation was given, the parameters to be considered and the basic principles of their calculation were examined in detai…This paper research the issues of economic comparison of electrical energy storage systems based on the levelised cost of storage (LCOS). One of the proposed formulas for LCOS calculation was given, the parameters to be considered and the basic principles of their calculation were examined in detail. The LCOS was calculated for an electrical energy storage system, whose main function is to compensate for rapid changes in load power. LCOS sensitivity to changes in variables was analysed. The scope of potential application of the formula under consideration was specified, and the limitations preventing its wider use were indicated.
more »
Capacity Enhancement and Voltage Stability Improvement of Power Transmission Line by Series Compensation
Appears in:
ew 19(23): e3

Authors:
Md. Raihan-Al-Masud, Md. Minarul Islam, Md. Shahriar Hasan, Prajoy Podder

Downloads:
1716

Abstract:
To install a new infrastructure of a power transmission line is not only costly but also time-consuming, and it also have some harmful impact on our environment and therefore existing transmission infrastructure is important to use effectively. FACTS is a popular solution to utilize this existing p…To install a new infrastructure of a power transmission line is not only costly but also time-consuming, and it also have some harmful impact on our environment and therefore existing transmission infrastructure is important to use effectively. FACTS is a popular solution to utilize this existing power transmission system by using series compensation by means of the series capacitor to enhance the power transmission capacity as well as voltage stability. This paper explores the utilization of series capacitor applying to the power grid of Eastern part of Bangladesh. For doing this we have considered the analytical calculation of 10% to 85% compensation of that power line. As a result, we have observed that the power transfer capacity has been enhanced about 37 times and it also improve the voltage stability, when the compensation ration is 85%. We consider our calculation mathematically and represent the load curve and voltage profile by plotting in Matlab.
more »
Improved Prediction of Wind Speed using Machine Learning
Appears in:
ew 19(23): e2

Author:
Senthil Kumar P

Downloads:
1654

Abstract:
The prediction of wind speed plays a significant role in wind energy systems. An accurate prediction of wind speed is more important for wind energy systems, but it is difficult due to its uncertain nature. This paper presents three artificial neural networks namely, Back Propagation Network (BPN),…The prediction of wind speed plays a significant role in wind energy systems. An accurate prediction of wind speed is more important for wind energy systems, but it is difficult due to its uncertain nature. This paper presents three artificial neural networks namely, Back Propagation Network (BPN), Radial Basis Function (RBF) and Nonlinear AutoRegressive model process with eXogenous inputs (NARX) with Mutual Information (MI) feature selection for wind speed prediction. The MI feature selection identifies the significant features and reduces the complexity of wind speed prediction model without loss of information content. The performance of prediction model is evaluated in terms of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The results show that the performance of all three neural network models are highly satisfied. Moreover, NARX model with mutual information feature selection is more accurate in dealing with wind speed prediction.
more »
Solar Tilt Angle Optimization of PV Systems for Different Case Studies
Appears in:
ew 19(23): e7

Author:
Hasan N. Muslim

Downloads:
1492

Abstract:
The evolution of solar photovoltaic systems (PV) in the last decade has been marvellous around the world. This growing in using of PV technique hinge on the electrical load profile that required to be covered and the rate of the electricity that can be generated from the areas where the solar cells…The evolution of solar photovoltaic systems (PV) in the last decade has been marvellous around the world. This growing in using of PV technique hinge on the electrical load profile that required to be covered and the rate of the electricity that can be generated from the areas where the solar cells to be installed. The production of PV systems is based on the fuel which is represented by the solar radiation. In this study, an algorithm has been proposed to optimize the solar tilt angle based on MATLAB software (m-file) in order to maximize the PV generation. Monthly and annually optimal tilt angles are suggested for different case studies those are: Najaf, California and New Delhi. Also, the estimation of solar radiation for each month is calculated according to their optimal tilt angles. The obtained results indicate that the yearly gain of solar radiation from orientation solar panels is approximately 18% for Najaf city and a high gain values for winter months with very small energy gains for summery months, and so on for other case studies. This proposed algorithm is general program and can be applied for any site on the earth by changing the latitude and longitude of the desired area.
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Classification of Vehicle Types in Car Parks using Computer Vision Techniques
Appears in:
ew 15(7): e5

Authors:
Chadly Marouane, Lorenz Schauer, Philipp Bauer

Downloads:
1124

Abstract:
The growing population of big cities has led to certain issues, such as overloaded car parks. Ubiquitous systems can help to increase the capacity through an efficient usage of existing parking slots. In this case, cars are recognized during the entrance phases in order to guide them automatically …The growing population of big cities has led to certain issues, such as overloaded car parks. Ubiquitous systems can help to increase the capacity through an efficient usage of existing parking slots. In this case, cars are recognized during the entrance phases in order to guide them automatically to a proper slot for space-saving reasons. Prior to this step, it is necessary to determine the size of vehicles. In this work, we analyze different methods for vehicle classification and size measurement using the existing hardware of car parks. Computer vision techniques are applied for extracting information out of video streams of existing security cameras. For streams with lower resolution, a method is introduced figuring out width and height of a car with the help of reference objects. For streams with a higher resolution, a second approach is applied using face recognition algorithms and a training database in order to classify car types. Our evaluation of a real-life scenario at a major German airport showed a small error deviation of just a few centimeters for the fist method. For the type classification approach, an applicable accuracy of over 80 percent with up to 100 percent in certain cases have been achieved. Given these results, the performed methods show high potentials for a suitable determination of vehicles based on installed security cameras.
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Green Communications: Techniques and Challenges
Appears in:
ew 17(14): e4

Authors:
Nabeel Ahmed Malik, Masood Ur-Rehman

Downloads:
1105

Abstract:
Green technology has drawn a huge amount of attention with the development of the modern world. Similarly with the development in communication technology the industries and researchers are focusing to make this communication as green as possible. In cellular technology the evolution of 5G is the n…Green technology has drawn a huge amount of attention with the development of the modern world. Similarly with the development in communication technology the industries and researchers are focusing to make this communication as green as possible. In cellular technology the evolution of 5G is the next step to fulfil the user demands and it will be available to the users in 2020. This will increase the energy consumption by which will result in excess emission of co2. In this paper different techniques for the green communication technology and some challenges are discussed. These techniques include device-to-device communication (D2D), massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems, heterogeneous networks (HetNets) and Green Internet of Things (IoT).
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MAC Layer Design for Network-Enabled Visible Light Communication Systems Compliant with IEEE 802.15.7
Appears in:
ew 17(14): e5

Authors:
Trio Adiono, Syifaul Fuada, Muhamad Luthfi, Rosmianto Aji Saputro

Downloads:
1039

Abstract:
The design and implementation of medium access control (MAC) layer for network-enabled visible light communication (VLC) system is presented in this paper. The point-to-point link was chosen because of its simple in configuration as well as implementation. Whereas the FPGA Zybo Zynq-7000 is employe…The design and implementation of medium access control (MAC) layer for network-enabled visible light communication (VLC) system is presented in this paper. The point-to-point link was chosen because of its simple in configuration as well as implementation. Whereas the FPGA Zybo Zynq-7000 is employed for prototyping the hardware of VLC system because of it serve a Linux operating system (OS), i.e. Xillinux. Our MAC layer has been realized in Python programming and running above the Zynq-7000 processor. The designed MAC Layer is adapted from IEEE 802.15.7 standard, specifically for delivering and receiving the MAC frames from the coordinator to the device or vice versa, wrapping the IP packets and unwrapping the MAC Frames with MAC headers and trailers, and performing the error detection in which the cyclic redundant check 16 (CRC-16) was selected. According to the functionality test, our proposed VLC system can perform to send the multimedia contents (video and image) as well as data packet for internet accessing purpose like a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) connectivity. Thus, it can be concluded that the implemented MAC layer has met the functionality specifications referred to the IEEE 802.15.7 standard. We also provide the Pseudo-code of designed MAC layer and its Python script (source-code) implementation that can be found in the Appendix section.
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Real-Time Simulation Technique of a Microgrid Model for DER Penetration
Appears in:
ew 14(2): e2

Authors:
Konstantina Mentesidi, Evangelos Rikos, Vasilis Kleftakis

Downloads:
1009

Abstract:
Comprehensive analysis of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) integration requires tools that provide computational power and flexibility. In this context, throughout this paper PHIL simulations are performed to emulate the energy management system of a real microgrid including a diesel synchronous …Comprehensive analysis of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) integration requires tools that provide computational power and flexibility. In this context, throughout this paper PHIL simulations are performed to emulate the energy management system of a real microgrid including a diesel synchronous machine and inverter-based sources. Moreover, conventional frequency and voltage droops were incorporated into the respective inverters. The results were verified at the real microgrid installation in the Centre for Renewable Energy Sources (CRES) premises. This research work is divided into two steps: A) Real time in RSCAD/RTDS and Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) simulations where the diesel generator´s active power droop control is evaluated, the battery inverter´s droop curves are simulated and the load sharing for parallel operation of the system´s generation units is examined. B) microgrid experiments during which various tests were executed concerning the diesel generator and the battery inverters in order to examine their dynamic operation within the LV islanded power system.
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Incident Management of Information Technology in the Indonesia Higher Education based on COBIT Framework: A Review
Appears in:
ew 19(22): e3

Author:
Syifaul Fuada

Downloads:
924

Abstract:
Nowadays, implementing the IT management in Indonesia Higher Education (HE) has been an integral part of institution management and all business functions, starting from teaching & learning, academic information system, administration & payment system, registration of student’s admission and so on.…Nowadays, implementing the IT management in Indonesia Higher Education (HE) has been an integral part of institution management and all business functions, starting from teaching & learning, academic information system, administration & payment system, registration of student’s admission and so on. Handling incident response is an IT management and evaluation activity that must be done by the HE in Indonesia. Because, this activity is used to control the business sustainability and help perform attempts of betterment. To this matter, a standardized guideline is required so that the management of handling incidents in the HE environment can be performed effectively and efficiently. COBIT framework version 4 has four domains with 34 processes, while the version 5 has five domains with 37 processes. The process of handling incidents in COBIT 5 is discussed in the DSS02 process, namely Manage Service Request, and Incident of DSS domain. Meanwhile, COBIT 4 is discussed in the DS8 process, namely Manage Service Desk and Incidents. This paper reviews the status of management of handling IT incidents in Indonesia HE limited from 2010 to 2016.
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Consensus-based distributed control for economic dispatch problem with comprehensive constraints in a smart grid
Appears in:
ew 14(2): e3

Authors:
J. Cao, M. Yu, J. Tung

Downloads:
880

Abstract:
Economic dispatch problem (EDP) has become more complex and challenging in power systems due to the introduction of smart grids. In a smart grid, it’s expensive and unreliable for the existing centralized controller to achieve a minimum cost when generating a certain amount of power. In this work…Economic dispatch problem (EDP) has become more complex and challenging in power systems due to the introduction of
smart grids. In a smart grid, it’s expensive and unreliable for the existing centralized controller to achieve a minimum cost
when generating a certain amount of power. In this work, we define a quadratic cost function and comprehensive
constraints to improve the consensus algorithm. We propose a distributed control approach based on the improved
consensus algorithm to solve the EDP in a smart grid. Different from the centralized approach, the proposed approach
enables each generator to collect the mismatch between power demands and generations in a distributed manner. The
mismatch in power is used as a feedback for each generator to adjust its power generation. The incremental cost of the
generator is selected as the consensus quantity that converges to a common value eventually. Simulation results of
different case studies are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The comparisons between
the proposed approach and the existing ones are also presented.
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Publisher: EAI
ISSN: 2032-944X
Number of Volumes: 8

Last Published: 2021-01-20

EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web

Ghazanfar Safdar1

Iosif Breido2

Ghazanfar Safdar¹

Iosif Breido²