With ICT pervading everyday objects and infrastructures, the ‘Future Internet’ is envisioned to undergo a radical transformation from how we know it today (a mere communication highway) into a vast hybrid network seamlessly integrating knowledge, people and machines into techno-social ecosystems whose behaviour transcends the boundaries of today’s engineering science. As the internet of things continues to grow, billions and trillions of data bytes need to be moved, stored and shared. The energy thus consumed and the climate impact of data centers are increasing dramatically, thereby becoming significant contributors to global warming and climate change. As reported recently, the combined electricity consumption of the world’s data centers has already exceeded that of some of the world's top ten economies. In the ensuing process of integrating traditional and renewable energy, monitoring and managing various energy sources, and processing and transferring technological information through various channels, IT will undoubtedly play an ever-increasing and central role. Several technologies are currently racing to production to meet this challenge, from ‘smart dust’ to hybrid networks capable of controlling the emergence of dependable and reliable green and energy-efficient ecosystems – which we generically term the ‘energy web’ – calling for major paradigm shifts highly disruptive of the ways the energy sector functions today.

The EAI Transactions on Energy Web are positioned at the forefront of these efforts and provide a forum for the most forward-looking, state-of-the-art research bringing together the cross section of IT and Energy communities. The journal will publish original works reporting on prominent advances that challenge traditional thinking.

The EAI Transactions on Energy Web and Information Technologies topics include but are not limited to:

Green Data Centres and Data Storage
Greener Smart Homes
Green Smart Cities
Greener Secure Web Transactions
Energy Systems Modelling
Energy Efficient Virtualized Systems
Energy Efficient DSA (for CR Networks, D2D/M2M)
Energy Efficient LAA (Licensed Assisted Access for 5G)
Energy Aware Interference Mitigation in 4G Networks
Energy Conservation and Mangement Strategies
Telemetry and Power Engineering Based on Self-Organising Networks with Combined Information Transmission Channels
Transportation and Electric Vehicles
Green Communication Protocols
Energy Efficient Routing Protocols
Physical Layer Techniques for Energy Efficiency
Energy Efficient Device-to-Device (D2D) Communications
Energy-Aware Design for Small Cells and HetNets
Energy Efficient Algorithms and Scheduling Techniques
Green Massive MIMO Techniques
Cross-Layer Energy Efficiency Optimisation
Standardisation for Green Communications and Networking
Energy Efficient and Secure Implementation of Cryptographic Protocols
Lightweight Cryptography
Monitoring and Management of Energy Supply
Online Learning Technologies in the Energy Sector
Power Systems Regulations
Power Systems Transmission Management
Supply Chain Energy Management

Guest editor: Manik Sharma (Department of Computer Science and Applications, DAV University, India)

Call for Papers: Special issue on: Design and Analysis of Artificial Intelligent Systems using Machine Learning, IoT and Nature-inspired Computing Systems (Submission of manuscript: August 30, 2019; First notification: October 30, 2019; Submission of revised manuscript: November 20, 2019; Final notification: December 10, 2019; Publication date: January, 2020)

Alexander N. Shpiganovich (Lipetsk State Technical University, Russia)
Álvaro Suárez Sarmiento (University of Las Palmas, Spain)
Amando P. Singun, Jr. (Higher College of Technology, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman)
Andrey Mazalov (South Federal University, Russia)
Assad Abbas (COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan)
Baozhi Chen (Rutgers University, USA)
Bill St. Arnaud (CANARIE Inc., Canada)
Cheng Pang (Lulea University of Technology, Sweden)
Elena Gebel (Omsk State Technical University, Russia)
Geert Deconinck (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium)
Irina Yuryevna Semykina (Kuzbass State Technical University, Kemerovo, Russia)
Joel Kubby (The University of California at Santa Cruz, USA)
Jorge Sa Silva (University of Coimbra, Portugal)
Jose Marti (University of British Columbia, Canada)
Manik Sharma (DAV University Jalandhar, India)
Marija Ilic (Carnegie Melon University, USA)
Mehmet Aydin (University of the West of England, UK)
Mikhail Medvedev (Southern Federal University, Russia)
Nauman Aslam (Northumbria University, UK)
Randy Katz (UC Berkeley, USA)
Richard Somerville (University of California at San Diego, USA)
Roberto Setola (Universita Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Italy)
Sabu M Thampi (Center for Research and Innovation in Cyber Threat Resilience (CRICTR), India)
Sergey Mikhailovich Stazhkov (Baltic State Technical University, St. Petersburg, Russia)
Valeriy Vyatkin (University of Auckland, New Zealand)
Vivek Deshpande (VIT College of Engineering, Pune, India)
Vladimir Dyo (University of Bedfordshire, UK)
Xin Liu (Dalian University of Technology, China)
Zeeshan Shakir (University of the West of Scotland, UK)

Ghazanfar Safdar¹

Ghazanfar A. Safdar received his B.Sc Hons. in Electrical Engineering from University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistan, and his M.Eng in Computer Science and Telecommunications from ENSIMAG, INPG, France. He was awarded a PhD from Queen’s University Belfast, UK, in 2005 for his work in the area of power-saving MAC protocols for the IEEE 802.11 family of wireless LANs. Moreover, he has worked as Research Fellow at Queen’s University Belfast on a project related to Wireless Networks security funded by EPSRC grant EP/C006976/1. Currently, he is working as Senior Lecturer in Computer Networking at the University of Bedfordshire, UK. His research interests mainly include cognitive radio networks, energy saving MAC protocols, security protocols for wireless networks, LTE networks, interference mitigation, device-to-device communications, network modelling and performance analysis. He has also worked as R&D Engineer with Carrier Telephone Industries (SIEMENS), Pakistan, and Schlumberger, France.

Iosif Breido²

Iosif Breido received the engineering degree from the Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute (USSR) in 1971. He served as a navy officer in the Pacific fleet. He worked in the Karaganda Department of the Institute of mining. In 1983 he received the academic degree of candidate of technical sciences for his work in the field of controlled electric drive of conveyors in coal mines. In 1996 he received the degree of doctor of technical Sciences, at the Ural mining and geological Academy (Yekaterinburg, Russia) for research in the field of dynamics of controlled multi-motor electric drives of mining machines, interconnected through the working body. He participated in the creation and modernization of thyristor electric drives of conveyors, coal combines, aggregates of metallurgical production. In recent years, he directs the establishment of systems for protection and diagnostics of electrical equipment and high-voltage transmission lines, including systems remote Internet monitoring with the use of different telemetry channels in the conditions of strong interference from induced electromagnetic fields.

1: University of Bedfordshire, UK
2: Karaganda State Technical University

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Estimation of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) combustion enthalpy for energy recovery
Appears in:
ew 19(23): e9

Authors:
Obafemi Olatunji, Stephen Akinlabi, Nkosinathi Madushele, Paul A. Adedeji

Published:
11th Jun 2019

Abstract:
The global challenges of climate change have been compounded by an unprecedented level of environmental pollution consequent upon the municipal solid waste, MSW generation. Recent advances by researchers and policymakers are focused on sustainable and renewable energy sources which are technologica…The global challenges of climate change have been compounded by an unprecedented level of environmental pollution consequent upon the municipal solid waste, MSW generation. Recent advances by researchers and policymakers are focused on sustainable and renewable energy sources which are technologically feasible, environmentally friendly, and economically viable. Waste-to-fuel initiative is therefore highly beneficial to our environment while also improves the socio-economic well-being the nations. This current study introduces an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) model optimised with Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) algorithm aimed at predicting the enthalpy of combustion of MSW fuel based on the moisture content (H2O), Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulphur, and Ash contents. This model was trained with 86 MSW biomass data and further tested with a new 37 data points. The developed model was observed to performed better in term of the accuracy when compared with other existing models in the literature. The model was evaluated based on some known error estimation. The values of Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Log Accuracy ratio (LAR), Coefficient of Correlation (CC) were 3.6277, 22.6202, 0.0337, 0.8673 respectively at computation time (CT) of 36.96 secs. Regression analysis was also carried out to determine the level of correlation between the experimental and predicted high heating values (HHV).
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The overview of green building sector in Slovakia
Appears in:
ew 19(23): e8

Authors:
Julius Golej, Andrej Adamuscin

Published:
13th May 2019

Abstract:
Green buildings have become a global trend in recent years, reflecting a social order for sustainable development from the sides of all stakeholders. This is confirmed by the fact that the global construction of green buildings comprises for almost a quarter of the total production of all buildings…Green buildings have become a global trend in recent years, reflecting a social order for sustainable development from the sides of all stakeholders. This is confirmed by the fact that the global construction of green buildings comprises for almost a quarter of the total production of all buildings. Buildings generally represent a huge sector of energy consumers, so it is
now necessary to reduce this consumption through smart design solutions and an appropriate building management system that will ensure efforts to achieve sustainable and smart urban requirements for the use of intelligent technologies. Regarding to the development of green buildings, Slovakia belongs to developing countries. The term "green building" is
slowly becoming familiar in Slovakia, although it should be noted that the green building certification systems are only at the beginning. Also, the legislative and other financial support instruments for green buildings in Slovakia are under the phase of consideration and do not exist in practice. In the following paper, the authors explore green building sector in Slovakia. They present their development and overview, rating systems and analyses the most important investors and key local companies related to green buildings in Slovakia.
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Solar Tilt Angle Optimization of PV Systems for Different Case Studies
Appears in:
ew 19(23): e7

Author:
Hasan N. Muslim

Published:
21st Mar 2019

Abstract:
The evolution of solar photovoltaic systems (PV) in the last decade has been marvellous around the world. This growing in using of PV technique hinge on the electrical load profile that required to be covered and the rate of the electricity that can be generated from the areas where the solar cells…The evolution of solar photovoltaic systems (PV) in the last decade has been marvellous around the world. This growing in using of PV technique hinge on the electrical load profile that required to be covered and the rate of the electricity that can be generated from the areas where the solar cells to be installed. The production of PV systems is based on the fuel which is represented by the solar radiation. In this study, an algorithm has been proposed to optimize the solar tilt angle based on MATLAB software (m-file) in order to maximize the PV generation. Monthly and annually optimal tilt angles are suggested for different case studies those are: Najaf, California and New Delhi. Also, the estimation of solar radiation for each month is calculated according to their optimal tilt angles. The obtained results indicate that the yearly gain of solar radiation from orientation solar panels is approximately 18% for Najaf city and a high gain values for winter months with very small energy gains for summery months, and so on for other case studies. This proposed algorithm is general program and can be applied for any site on the earth by changing the latitude and longitude of the desired area.
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Smart Grid Security with Cryptographic Chip Integration
Appears in:
ew 19(23): e6

Authors:
Adesh Kumar, Priyanshi Vishnoi, Shimi S. L.

Published:
21st Mar 2019

Abstract:
Smart grid is the modern digital electricity delivery system based on duplex communication between electrical grid and consumers. The smart grid includes several operations and energy measures comprising renewable energy sources, smart meters, smart devices, and energy efficient resources. The pr…Smart grid is the modern digital electricity delivery system based on duplex communication between electrical grid and consumers. The smart grid includes several operations and energy measures comprising renewable energy sources, smart meters, smart devices, and energy efficient resources. The presence of all smart and efficient components on the smart grid involves the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) layer in order to meet the requirements of grid monitoring, control and information interchange for smooth operation of grid. The duplex communication flows conveys cyber security concerns to the smart grid. It is required to countermeasures different cyber security algorithms to the heterogeneous smart grid based on computational resources availability, confidentiality and integrity. The paper proposed the cryptographic based encryption and decryption approach could be employed in smart grid distribution system hardware. A new TACIT algorithm hardware chip is proposed for secured grid communication. The chip design is carried in Xilinx ISE 14.2 software and verified on SPARTAN-3E FPGA hardware. The functional simulation is also done for 64 bit and 128-bit key size on Modelsim 10.0 software. The hardware parameters, memory and timing parameters are extracted directly form Xilinx Software and compared with the existing security protocols. The projected research work will be the advantage for the power industries working on the concerns about the integration of smart grid security concerns with FPGA based systems.
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Control law synthesis of the wind-driven power-plant with variable geometry
Appears in:
ew 19(23): e5

Authors:
V.A. Kostjukov, M.Y. Medvedev, N.K. Poluyanovich, M.N. Dubyago, D.I. Bulanovich, D.D. Pavlenko

Published:
21st Mar 2019

Abstract:
The analysis and synthesis of aerodynamic properties of the wind-driven power-plant (WP) construction with a vertical axis of rotation and useful interference of the stator and the rotor, that exceeds classical type analogues on energy characteristics, were conducted. The required functional depend…The analysis and synthesis of aerodynamic properties of the wind-driven power-plant (WP) construction with a vertical axis of rotation and useful interference of the stator and the rotor, that exceeds classical type analogues on energy characteristics, were conducted. The required functional dependence of the rotor rotative moment of WP on the angular speed of its rotation and the wind speed on the basis of aerodynamic optimization and researches of optimal shape and construction of WP was obtained. Respective aerodynamic power was calculated. The example of frequency stabilization of the rotor rotation through control of variable element of optimized form WP construction was considered. Method of maintaining the given angular speed of the rotor with a given deviation for a given time was proposed.
more »
Robust controller design for speed regulation of a flexible wind turbine
Appears in:
ew 19(23): e4

Authors:
N.V.A. Ravikumar, G. Saraswathi

Published:
21st Mar 2019

Abstract:
The complexity of large wind turbines increases due to fatigue, aerodynamics, structural flexibility and wind turbulence which lead to uncertainties in the wind turbine model. Hence, a robust controller is necessary to deal with these uncertainties. The uncertainties are represented in the wind tur…The complexity of large wind turbines increases due to fatigue, aerodynamics, structural flexibility and wind turbulence which lead to uncertainties in the wind turbine model. Hence, a robust controller is necessary to deal with these uncertainties. The uncertainties are represented in the wind turbine model by variations in the elements of the state space matrix comprising of mass, stiffness and damping elements. The generator speed is regulated with changes in the rotor collective blade pitch angle and disturbances in wind speeds. In this paper, we propose to design an H∞ controller which qualifies to regulate the generator speed of an uncertain wind turbine. The proposed H∞ controller demonstrates robust performance and stability on system with ±20% uncertainty. The obtained 14th order H∞ controller is reduced to 7th order by using a balanced truncation model order reduction method. The performances of the designed H∞ controller and the reduced controller are compared.
more »
Capacity Enhancement and Voltage Stability Improvement of Power Transmission Line by Series Compensation
Appears in:
ew 19(23): e3

Authors:
Md. Raihan-Al-Masud, Md. Minarul Islam, Md. Shahriar Hasan, Prajoy Podder

Published:
21st Mar 2019

Abstract:
To install a new infrastructure of a power transmission line is not only costly but also time-consuming, and it also have some harmful impact on our environment and therefore existing transmission infrastructure is important to use effectively. FACTS is a popular solution to utilize this existing p…To install a new infrastructure of a power transmission line is not only costly but also time-consuming, and it also have some harmful impact on our environment and therefore existing transmission infrastructure is important to use effectively. FACTS is a popular solution to utilize this existing power transmission system by using series compensation by means of the series capacitor to enhance the power transmission capacity as well as voltage stability. This paper explores the utilization of series capacitor applying to the power grid of Eastern part of Bangladesh. For doing this we have considered the analytical calculation of 10% to 85% compensation of that power line. As a result, we have observed that the power transfer capacity has been enhanced about 37 times and it also improve the voltage stability, when the compensation ration is 85%. We consider our calculation mathematically and represent the load curve and voltage profile by plotting in Matlab.
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Improved Prediction of Wind Speed using Machine Learning
Appears in:
ew 19(23): e2

Author:
Senthil Kumar P

Published:
21st Mar 2019

Abstract:
The prediction of wind speed plays a significant role in wind energy systems. An accurate prediction of wind speed is more important for wind energy systems, but it is difficult due to its uncertain nature. This paper presents three artificial neural networks namely, Back Propagation Network (BPN),…The prediction of wind speed plays a significant role in wind energy systems. An accurate prediction of wind speed is more important for wind energy systems, but it is difficult due to its uncertain nature. This paper presents three artificial neural networks namely, Back Propagation Network (BPN), Radial Basis Function (RBF) and Nonlinear AutoRegressive model process with eXogenous inputs (NARX) with Mutual Information (MI) feature selection for wind speed prediction. The MI feature selection identifies the significant features and reduces the complexity of wind speed prediction model without loss of information content. The performance of prediction model is evaluated in terms of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The results show that the performance of all three neural network models are highly satisfied. Moreover, NARX model with mutual information feature selection is more accurate in dealing with wind speed prediction.
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Search and research of energy-efficient configuration of the power supply network
Appears in:
ew 19(23): e1

Author:
V.A. Negadaev

Published:
21st Mar 2019

Abstract:
Model of main structure of power-supply is considered for research of states of working collections of induction motors. Model consists of separate electromechanic modules, which can contain different amount of motors. Modules are connected in different points to main cable, laid from transformer b…Model of main structure of power-supply is considered for research of states of working collections of induction motors. Model consists of separate electromechanic modules, which can contain different amount of motors. Modules are connected in different points to main cable, laid from transformer before remoted module. On base of this model is developed software program, intended for finding of optimum parameters of structure of network of power-supply with use the genetic algorithm.
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A percolation model of semiconductor gas sensors with a hierarchical pore structure
Appears in:
ew 19(22): e10

Authors:
I.A. Pronin, N.D. Yakushova, I.A. Averin, V.A. Moshnikov, B.V. Donkova, D.Tz. Dimitrov, A.Ts. Georgieva, S.S. Nalimova

Published:
5th Feb 2019

Abstract:
A percolation model of gas sensors is proposed, on the basis of which the effect of material porosity, pore size and pore size distribution on the gas detection threshold is analyzed. It is shown that micropores exert the greatest influence on gas sensitive properties. An increase in the percolatio…A percolation model of gas sensors is proposed, on the basis of which the effect of material porosity, pore size and pore size distribution on the gas detection threshold is analyzed. It is shown that micropores exert the greatest influence on gas sensitive properties. An increase in the percolation threshold leads to an increase in the detection threshold of reducing gases. The developed percolation model is used to explain high sensitivity values of sensor structures obtained by the chemical co-precipitation method.
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Classification of Vehicle Types in Car Parks using Computer Vision Techniques
Appears in:
ew 15(7): e5

Authors:
Chadly Marouane, Lorenz Schauer, Philipp Bauer

Downloads:
623

Abstract:
The growing population of big cities has led to certain issues, such as overloaded car parks. Ubiquitous systems can help to increase the capacity through an efficient usage of existing parking slots. In this case, cars are recognized during the entrance phases in order to guide them automatically …The growing population of big cities has led to certain issues, such as overloaded car parks. Ubiquitous systems can help to increase the capacity through an efficient usage of existing parking slots. In this case, cars are recognized during the entrance phases in order to guide them automatically to a proper slot for space-saving reasons. Prior to this step, it is necessary to determine the size of vehicles. In this work, we analyze different methods for vehicle classification and size measurement using the existing hardware of car parks. Computer vision techniques are applied for extracting information out of video streams of existing security cameras. For streams with lower resolution, a method is introduced figuring out width and height of a car with the help of reference objects. For streams with a higher resolution, a second approach is applied using face recognition algorithms and a training database in order to classify car types. Our evaluation of a real-life scenario at a major German airport showed a small error deviation of just a few centimeters for the fist method. For the type classification approach, an applicable accuracy of over 80 percent with up to 100 percent in certain cases have been achieved. Given these results, the performed methods show high potentials for a suitable determination of vehicles based on installed security cameras.
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MAC Layer Design for Network-Enabled Visible Light Communication Systems Compliant with IEEE 802.15.7
Appears in:
ew 17(14): e5

Authors:
Trio Adiono, Syifaul Fuada, Muhamad Luthfi, Rosmianto Aji Saputro

Downloads:
580

Abstract:
The design and implementation of medium access control (MAC) layer for network-enabled visible light communication (VLC) system is presented in this paper. The point-to-point link was chosen because of its simple in configuration as well as implementation. Whereas the FPGA Zybo Zynq-7000 is employe…The design and implementation of medium access control (MAC) layer for network-enabled visible light communication (VLC) system is presented in this paper. The point-to-point link was chosen because of its simple in configuration as well as implementation. Whereas the FPGA Zybo Zynq-7000 is employed for prototyping the hardware of VLC system because of it serve a Linux operating system (OS), i.e. Xillinux. Our MAC layer has been realized in Python programming and running above the Zynq-7000 processor. The designed MAC Layer is adapted from IEEE 802.15.7 standard, specifically for delivering and receiving the MAC frames from the coordinator to the device or vice versa, wrapping the IP packets and unwrapping the MAC Frames with MAC headers and trailers, and performing the error detection in which the cyclic redundant check 16 (CRC-16) was selected. According to the functionality test, our proposed VLC system can perform to send the multimedia contents (video and image) as well as data packet for internet accessing purpose like a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) connectivity. Thus, it can be concluded that the implemented MAC layer has met the functionality specifications referred to the IEEE 802.15.7 standard. We also provide the Pseudo-code of designed MAC layer and its Python script (source-code) implementation that can be found in the Appendix section.
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Real-Time Simulation Technique of a Microgrid Model for DER Penetration
Appears in:
ew 14(2): e2

Authors:
Konstantina Mentesidi, Evangelos Rikos, Vasilis Kleftakis

Downloads:
548

Abstract:
Comprehensive analysis of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) integration requires tools that provide computational power and flexibility. In this context, throughout this paper PHIL simulations are performed to emulate the energy management system of a real microgrid including a diesel synchronous …Comprehensive analysis of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) integration requires tools that provide computational power and flexibility. In this context, throughout this paper PHIL simulations are performed to emulate the energy management system of a real microgrid including a diesel synchronous machine and inverter-based sources. Moreover, conventional frequency and voltage droops were incorporated into the respective inverters. The results were verified at the real microgrid installation in the Centre for Renewable Energy Sources (CRES) premises. This research work is divided into two steps: A) Real time in RSCAD/RTDS and Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) simulations where the diesel generator´s active power droop control is evaluated, the battery inverter´s droop curves are simulated and the load sharing for parallel operation of the system´s generation units is examined. B) microgrid experiments during which various tests were executed concerning the diesel generator and the battery inverters in order to examine their dynamic operation within the LV islanded power system.
more »
Complex Systems Engineering: designing in sociotechnical systems for the energy transition
Appears in:
ew 17(11): e1

Authors:
J. A. Moncada, E. H. Park Lee, G.D.C. Nava Guerrero, O. Okur, S.T. Chakraborty, Z. Lukszo

Downloads:
522

Abstract:
The EU has set ambitious targets for an energy transition. While research often focuses on technology, institutions or actors, a transition requires complex coordination and comprehensive analysis and design. We propose a framework accounting for technology, institutions and actors’ perspective to …The EU has set ambitious targets for an energy transition. While research often focuses on technology, institutions or actors, a transition requires complex coordination and comprehensive analysis and design. We propose a framework accounting for technology, institutions and actors’ perspective to design in socio-technical systems. We present its application, firstly, to biodiesel production in Germany; secondly, to vehicle-to-grid contracts in a Car as a Power Plant microgrid. We show how using the framework as the core in modelling can contribute to the performance improvement of these systems. Future work will elaborate on the next generation of thermal energy systems, coordination control of microgrids and implementing flexibility through demand response aggregation. Overall, designing solutions to the problems described calls for comprehensive engineers who look beyond the technical design and deal with multi actor socio-political processes including institutional consideration.
more »
Consensus-based distributed control for economic dispatch problem with comprehensive constraints in a smart grid
Appears in:
ew 14(2): e3

Authors:
J. Cao, M. Yu, J. Tung

Downloads:
516

Abstract:
Economic dispatch problem (EDP) has become more complex and challenging in power systems due to the introduction of smart grids. In a smart grid, it’s expensive and unreliable for the existing centralized controller to achieve a minimum cost when generating a certain amount of power. In this work…Economic dispatch problem (EDP) has become more complex and challenging in power systems due to the introduction of
smart grids. In a smart grid, it’s expensive and unreliable for the existing centralized controller to achieve a minimum cost
when generating a certain amount of power. In this work, we define a quadratic cost function and comprehensive
constraints to improve the consensus algorithm. We propose a distributed control approach based on the improved
consensus algorithm to solve the EDP in a smart grid. Different from the centralized approach, the proposed approach
enables each generator to collect the mismatch between power demands and generations in a distributed manner. The
mismatch in power is used as a feedback for each generator to adjust its power generation. The incremental cost of the
generator is selected as the consensus quantity that converges to a common value eventually. Simulation results of
different case studies are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The comparisons between
the proposed approach and the existing ones are also presented.
more »
Transmission Policies for Energy Harvesting Sensors Based on Markov Chain Energy Supply
Appears in:
ew 16(8): e4

Authors:
Wenxiang Zhu, Pingping Xu, Maozong Zheng, Guilu Wu, Honglei Wang

Downloads:
489

Abstract:
Due to the small energy harvesting rates and stochastic energy harvesting processes, energy management of energy harvesting senor is still crucial for body network. Transmission polices for energy harvesting sensors with Markov chain energy supply over time varying channels is formulated as an …Due to the small energy harvesting rates and stochastic energy
harvesting processes, energy management of energy harvesting
senor is still crucial for body network. Transmission
polices for energy harvesting sensors with Markov chain energy
supply over time varying channels is formulated as an
infinite discounted reward Markov Decision Problem under
the assumption of geometric distribution of sensors’ lifetime.
In this paper, we firstly propose a low-storage transmission
policy based on probability of successful transmission for
body network. Then we narrow the feasible region of parameters
in our policies from the real domain to a discrete set
with limited number, which makes the method of combing
optimal equations and enumeration algorithm to obtain optimal
parameters workable. Finally, numerical results show
that our presented transmission policies can achieve a good
approximated performance of optimal policies, which can be
derived by policy iteration algorithm. Compared with the
optimal policies, our presented policies has the advantage of
low storage.
more »
Green Communications: Techniques and Challenges
Appears in:
ew 17(14): e4

Authors:
Nabeel Ahmed Malik, Masood Ur-Rehman

Downloads:
479

Abstract:
Green technology has drawn a huge amount of attention with the development of the modern world. Similarly with the development in communication technology the industries and researchers are focusing to make this communication as green as possible. In cellular technology the evolution of 5G is the n…Green technology has drawn a huge amount of attention with the development of the modern world. Similarly with the development in communication technology the industries and researchers are focusing to make this communication as green as possible. In cellular technology the evolution of 5G is the next step to fulfil the user demands and it will be available to the users in 2020. This will increase the energy consumption by which will result in excess emission of co2. In this paper different techniques for the green communication technology and some challenges are discussed. These techniques include device-to-device communication (D2D), massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems, heterogeneous networks (HetNets) and Green Internet of Things (IoT).
more »
Calculation of the Levelised Cost of Electrical Energy Storage for Short-Duration Application. LCOS Sensitivity Analysis
Appears in:
ew 19(21): e2

Authors:
Vikenty Melnikov, Gleb Nesterenko, Anton Potapenko, Dmitry Lebedev

Downloads:
472

Abstract:
This paper research the issues of economic comparison of electrical energy storage systems based on the levelised cost of storage (LCOS). One of the proposed formulas for LCOS calculation was given, the parameters to be considered and the basic principles of their calculation were examined in detai…This paper research the issues of economic comparison of electrical energy storage systems based on the levelised cost of storage (LCOS). One of the proposed formulas for LCOS calculation was given, the parameters to be considered and the basic principles of their calculation were examined in detail. The LCOS was calculated for an electrical energy storage system, whose main function is to compensate for rapid changes in load power. LCOS sensitivity to changes in variables was analysed. The scope of potential application of the formula under consideration was specified, and the limitations preventing its wider use were indicated.
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A Middleware for Power Management in Multicore Smartphones
Appears in:
ew 15(4): e4

Authors:
Shaosong Li, Shivakant Mishra

Downloads:
418

Abstract:
Increased power consumption is a critical concern for smartphone users. While multi-core processors in smartphones have already emerged in market, current applications are yet to take full advantage of this new architecture, particularly in the area of managing power consumption. This paper address…Increased power consumption is a critical concern for smartphone users. While multi-core processors in smartphones have already emerged in market, current applications are yet to take full advantage of this new architecture, particularly in the area of managing power consumption. This paper addresses the issue of managing power consumption in multicore smartphones via a middleware layer that schedules optimal number of cores for currently running applications taking into account the tradeoff between power consumption, performance and user experience. The paper first describes a simple and accurate method to measure the overall power consumption and then studies the impact of scheduling seven different popular applications over one to four cores on the overall power consumption. Based on this study, the paper proposes three new power-aware scheduling algorithms that dynamically schedule optimal number of cores as well as dynamically adjust the voltage frequency of each online core to achieve the best tradeoff between power consumption, application performance and user experience under the current context. Evaluation from a prototype implementation of the middleware on a quad-core HTC One shows that these algorithms result in significant reduction in power consumption while ensuring good performance and user experience.
more »
A Wearable Vibration Glove for Improving Hand Sensation in Persons with Spinal Cord Injury Using Passive Haptic Rehabilitation
Appears in:
ew 15(6): e2

Authors:
Tanya Estes, Deborah Backus, Thad Starner

Downloads:
406

Abstract:
We define Passive Haptic Rehabilitation (PHR) as an improvement in haptic sensations or abilities using methods which require little or no attention on the part of the user. We present a study that suggests improvement in hand sensation in participants with partial Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) in C4 - …We define Passive Haptic Rehabilitation (PHR) as an improvement in haptic sensations or abilities using methods which require little or no attention on the part of the user. We present a study that suggests improvement in hand sensation in participants with partial Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) in C4 - T1 after use of our Mobile Music Touch (MMT) glove. The MMT glove is designed to teach piano melodies passively. It stimulates the participant's fingers repeatedly in the order of notes in the songs to be learned. In a study of ten hands, seven people with incomplete SCI participate in simple piano lessons three times a week for thirty minutes a session for eight weeks. The experimental group also attends these lessons but also wear our Mobile Music Touch (MMT) glove for two hours a day, five times a week to reinforce these lessons passively. Participants were injured over a year before the beginning of the study. The Semmes-Weinstein test is used to measure sensation at eight points on the hand before and after the piano lessons. The mean improvements between the experimental group and control group show a difference that is statistically significant. All hand areas in the experimental group show an improvement in average Semmes-Weinstein scores.
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Publisher: EAI
ISSN: 2032-944X
Number of Volumes: 6

Last Published: 11th Jun 2019

EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web

An open access journal abstracted/indexed in Scopus, DOAJ, DBLP, CrossRef, EBSCO, and WorldCat. It focuses on topics ranging from ‘smart dust’ to hybrid networks capable of controlling the emergence of dependable and reliable green and energy-efficient ecosystems, with no publishing fees.

Ghazanfar Safdar1

Iosif Breido2

Ghazanfar Safdar¹

Iosif Breido²