EAI Endorsed Transactions on Smart Cities

Issue 18, 2022

Articles
Information

Predicting Diabetes Disease for healthy smart cities
Appears in:
sc 22(18): e1

Authors:
Hugo Peixoto, Vasco Ramos, Carolina Marques, José Machado

Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects a large portion of the population and is the leading cause of numerous health problems. Its automatic detection could improve the communities’ overall well-being. OBJECTIVES: The primary goal was to introduce advancements to the subject of…INTRODUCTION: Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects a large portion of the population and is the leading cause of numerous health problems. Its automatic detection could improve the communities’ overall well-being.
OBJECTIVES: The primary goal was to introduce advancements to the subject of healthy smart cities by studying an approach for predicting the occurrence of diabetes in the Pima Female Adult Population using data mining.
METHODS: This study uses CRISP-DM to analyze the results of six different models acquired from three different iterations of the same dataset.
DISCUSSION: This study found that the most promising model is k-NN, which obtained results of almost 92% of F1 Score with the third data preparation strategy.
CONCLUSION: Acceptable results were achieved with the k-NN model and the third data preparation strategy, but more research into improving the data preparation processes and their influence on the outputs of each model is needed.
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Cloud-Edge Orchestration for Smart Cities: A Review of Kubernetes-based Orchestration Architectures
Appears in:
sc 22(18): e2

Authors:
Sebastian Böhm, Guido Wirtz

Abstract:
Edge computing offers computational resources near data-generating devices to enable low-latency access. Especially for smart city contexts, edge computing becomes inevitable for providing real-time services, like air quality monitoring systems. Kubernetes, a popular container orchestration platfor…Edge computing offers computational resources near data-generating devices to enable low-latency access. Especially for smart city contexts, edge computing becomes inevitable for providing real-time services, like air quality monitoring systems. Kubernetes, a popular container orchestration platform, is often used to efficiently manage containerized applications in smart cities. Although it misses essential requirements of edge computing, like network-related metrics for scheduling decisions, it is still considered. This paper analyzes custom cloud-edge architectures implemented with Kubernetes. Specifically, we analyze how essential requirements of edge orchestration in smart cities are solved. Also, shortcomings are identified in these architectures based on the fundamental requirements of edge orchestration. We conduct a literature review to obtain the general requirements of edge computing and edge orchestration for our analysis. We map these requirements to the capabilities of Kubernetes-based cloud-edge architectures to assess their level of achievement. Issues like using network-related metrics and the missing topology-awareness of networks are partially solved. However, requirements like real-time resource utilization, fault-tolerance, and the placement of container registries are in the early stages. We conclude that Kubernetes is an eligible candidate for cloudedge orchestration. When the formerly mentioned issues are solved, Kubernetes can successfully contribute latency-critical, large-scale, and multi-tenant application deployments for smart cities.
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Data Fusion and Visualization towards City Disaster Management: Lisbon Case Study
Appears in:
sc 22(18): e3

Authors:
Luís B. Elvas, Sandra P. Gonçalves, João C. Ferreira, Ana Madureira

Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: Due to the high level of unpredictability and the complexity of the information requirements, disaster management operations are information demanding. Emergency response planners should organize response operations efficiently and assign rescue teams to particular catastrophe areas w…INTRODUCTION: Due to the high level of unpredictability and the complexity of the information requirements, disaster management operations are information demanding. Emergency response planners should organize response operations efficiently and assign rescue teams to particular catastrophe areas with a high possibility of surviving. Making decisions becomes more difficult when the information provided is heterogeneous, out of date, and often fragmented.
OBJECTIVES: In this research work a data fusion of different information sources and a data visualization process was applied to provide a big picture about the disruptive events in a city. This high-level knowledge is important for emergency management authorities. This holistic process for managing, processing, and analysing the seven Vs (Volume, Velocity, Variety, Variability, Veracity, Visualization, and Value) in order to generate actionable insights for disaster management.
METHODS: A CRISP-DM methodology over smart city-data was applied. The fusion approach was introduced to merge different data sources.
RESULTS: A set of visual tools in dashboards were produced to support the city municipality management process. Visualization of big picture based on different data available is the proposed work.
CONCLUSION: Through this research, it was verified that there are temporal and spatial patterns of occurrences that affected the city of Lisbon, with some types of occurrences having a higher incidence in certain periods of the year, such as floods and collapses that occur when there are high levels of precipitation. On the other hand, it was verified that the downtown area of the city is the most affected area.
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Raspberry Pi-based Intelligent Cyber Defense Systems for SMEs and Smart-homes: An Exploratory Study
Appears in:
sc 22(18): e4

Authors:
Sreenivas Sremath Tirumala, Narayan Nepal, Sayan Kumar Ray

Abstract:
Ongoing ransomware attacks have forced business to think about security of their resources. Recently, small- to-medium enterprises (SMEs) and Smart-homes have become easy targets for attackers since they don’t have cyber defense mechanism in place other than simple firewall systems which are quite …Ongoing ransomware attacks have forced business to think about security of their resources. Recently, small- to-medium enterprises (SMEs) and Smart-homes have become easy targets for attackers since they don’t have cyber defense mechanism in place other than simple firewall systems which are quite vulnerable. Cyber defense systems are costly and often not within the budget of SMEs or families which inspired to think about low cost yet highly efficient cyber defense solutions. Regular individuals and families who use internet for day to day use often end-up becoming a possible resource for using them as Trojan or bitcoin nodes. This research explores the prospects of implementing a Raspberry Pi (Raspberry Pi)-based intelligent cyber- defense system (iCDS) for SME networks and Smart-homes to filter malicious contents from incoming traffic and detect malware using artificial intelligence.
Primarily, the work presented in this paper tries to evaluate the hardware capability of network interfaces (both internal, and attached) of Raspberry Pi for handle high volumes of incoming traffic. For this, we measure the network performance of the Raspberry Pi using the speed test software and try to explore the possibility of a light weight machine learning (ML) based malware detection. The results show that the built in Ethernet interface outperforms the built in WiFi and external attached USB to Ethernet Adapter in terms of latency, download and upload throughput. Also, a new DNA based ML approach was successfully able to produce over 19.5% better accuracy rates of over classifier trained with hash-sequence. The experiment results further emphasise on the importance of generating complex malware signatures with variety to face existing threats which has taken a new form due to increase in malware based attacks, particularly for ransomware. The complexity of the generated malware is based on generic yet strong encryption principles which produced good results which is quite encouraging at this stage.
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Comprehensive Survey on Smart Cities Architectures and Protocols
Appears in:
sc 22(18): e5

Authors:
Ahthasham Sajid, Syed Waqar Shah , Tahira Magsi

Abstract:
The world has advanced more than two centuries in the last 20 years in every aspect of existence. Every day, new inventions are made that improve our quality of life and make our lives easier. One aspect of contemporary innovation is the idea of the smart city. Many businesses and governments are e…The world has advanced more than two centuries in the last 20 years in every aspect of existence. Every day, new inventions are made that improve our quality of life and make our lives easier. One aspect of contemporary innovation is the idea of the smart city. Many businesses and governments are embracing the idea of the "smart city" to improve quality of life for citizens while cutting costs. This model is made up of a variety of different technologies. Internet of Things, cloud and fog computing, UAV, and other technologies are among them. On the other hand, in order to achieve these important goals, it is necessary to provide the multiple system components with the necessary synchronisation and mechanism, which calls for well-organized interaction and communication protocols. In this study, we categorise the networking requirements and characteristics of smart.
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Scope

EAI Endorsed Transactions on Smart Cities is open access, peer-reviewed scholarly journal focused on applications for Smart Cities with leverage on big-data applications, ICT devices used in the factory of the future, HPC, industrial processes, energy efficiency systems, social platforms, and more. The journal publishes research articles, review articles, commentaries, editorials, technical articles, and short communications with a quarterly frequency (four issues per year). Authors are not charged for article submission and processing.

Topics

Topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

Applications for Smart Cities able to leverage Big-Data Applications, ICT devices used in Factory of the Future, HPC, Industrial Processes, Energy Efficiency Systems, Social Platforms, etc.
Building Trust-based communication and computi…

Topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

Applications for Smart Cities able to leverage Big-Data Applications, ICT devices used in Factory of the Future, HPC, Industrial Processes, Energy Efficiency Systems, Social Platforms, etc.
Building Trust-based communication and computing systems for IoT and Clouds applications being Secure for Citizens
eHealth applications for Citizens.
Connecting in City Buildings for optimizing resources and utilities.
Software engineering methodology for the design of Smart Cities Systems
Energy Efficient and Green Software-defined Infrastructures aimed at Smart Cities facilities.
Re-allocation of resources and services (independently of their location) across distributed computing and geographically separated data storage and processing infrastructures. Inter-Cities along with Federation Services: availability, Disaster recovery, etc.
Federation of Services (IaaS, PaaS and SaaS) aimed at Public Administrations
Service discovery in Smart Cities - device Discovery and Data Discovery.
Easy and Large Deployment and autonomic management of densely interconnected and decentralised Cloud, Networks and IoTs infrastructures aimed at Smart Cities.
Control Architectures/Network Programmability in Smart Cities aimed at mobility, traffic and road networks, transport systems, energy, economy, and so on.
ICT applications enabling Energy-aware, smart and sustainable mobility solutions for Smart Cities.
Verification/Debugging/ Auditing Tools for all Applications in Smart Cities Domains
Energy-aware and sustainable computing solutions for Smart Cities applications

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Special Issues

Call for Papers: Special issue on: Smart Tourism: Tourism in Smart Cities (Manuscript submission deadline: 2022-03-31; Notification of acceptance: 2022-04-15; Submission of final revised paper: 2022-05-15; Publication of special issue (tentative): 2022-0…

Guest Editor: Tiago C. Pereira (IESF's Research, Development and Innovation Centre-CIDI, Portugal)

Call for Papers: Special issue on: Smart Technologies: Applied Technology in Smart Cities (Manuscript submission deadline: 2022-06-30; Notification of acceptance: 2022-07-21; Submission of final revised paper: 2022-08-30; Publication of special issue (tentative): 2022-10-21)

Guest Editor: Tiago C. Pereira (IESF's Research, Development and Innovation Centre-CIDI, Portugal) Guest Editor: Antonio Abreu Silva (Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Portugal) Guest Editor: João Vidal de Carvalho (Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal)

Editors-in-Chief
Hiep Xuan Huynh, Can Tho University, Vietnam
Fabien Ferrero, Université de Côte d'Azur (UCA), France
Associate Editors
Vincent Rodin, Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), France
Serge Stinckwich, United Nations University (UNU), Macau
Thanh-Nghi Do, C…

Editors-in-Chief
Hiep Xuan Huynh, Can Tho University, Vietnam
Fabien Ferrero, Université de Côte d'Azur (UCA), France
Associate Editors
Vincent Rodin, Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), France
Serge Stinckwich, United Nations University (UNU), Macau
Thanh-Nghi Do, Can Tho University (CTU), Vietnam
Jean-François Dorville, The University of the West Indies, Jamaica / Université des Antilles Guyanes, Guadeloupe
Mahamadou Traore, Université Gaston Berger Saint-Louis, Senegal
Onil Goubier, CIRELA, Indonesia
Tsimitomby Briand, Institut Supérieur de Technologie d'Antsiranana (IST-ANTSIRANANA), Madagascar
Nghia Duong-Trung, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Germany
Mansha Swami, Morgan State University, USA
Area Editors
Sergei Gorlatch, University of Muenster, Germany
Bao Hoai Lam, Can Tho University, Vietnam
Dung Van Hoang, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education (HCMUTE), Vietnam
Nguyen Nhat Vo, University of Michigan, USA
Nhat Minh Viet Vo, Hue University, Vietnam
Angelo Martella, University of Salento, Italy
Khoi Tan Nguyen, University of Science and Technology - The University of Da Nang (DUT-UDN), Vietnam
Marco Zappatore, University of Salento, Italy
Thang Cong Pham, University of Science and Technology - The University of Da Nang (DUT-UDN), Vietnam
Duy Khanh Ninh, University of Science and Technology - The University of Da Nang (DUT-UDN), Vietnam
Thuy Thu Thi Pham, Nha Trang University (NTU), Vietnam
Yen-Wen Chen, National Central University, Taiwan
Anh Viet Nguyen, Institute of Information Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Vietnam
Nghia Quoc Phan, Tra Vinh University, Vietnam
Vu Tran Pham, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam National University (Ho Chi Minh City), Vietnam
Xia Wang, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Germany
Anand Nayyar, Duy Tan University, Viet Nam
Sheikh Faisal Rashid, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Germany
Tung Kieu, Aalborg University, Denmark
Chinh Quoc Bui, Elsevier, Netherlands
Binh Thanh Nguyen, Monash University, Australia
Viet Xuan Le, Quy Nhon University, Vietnam
Lang Van Tran, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Vietnam
Son Hoang Le, Information Technology Institute, Vietnam National University (Hanoi), Vietnam
Vinh Quoc Tran Nguyen, University of Science and Education, The University of Da Nang (DUT-UDN), Vietnam
Toan Nang Do, Vietnam National University - Hanoi, Vietnam
Son Xuan Ha, RMIT University Vietnam
Hanh Hong Thi Nguyen, Can Tho University of Technology, Vietnam
Eloi Keita, Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), France
Congduc Pham, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour (UPPA), France
An Cong Tran, Can Tho University (CTU), Vietnam
Duong Ngoc Vo, University of Science and Technology - The University of Da Nang (DUT-UDN), Vietnam
Hanh Huu Hoang, Ministry of Information and Communications, Vietnam

Journal Blurb

Visit the new journal website to submit and consult our contents: https://publications.eai.eu/index.php/sc/index

Publisher: EAI
ISSN: 2518-3893
Volume: 6

Published: 2022-04-22

Predicting Diabetes Disease for healthy smart cities

Cloud-Edge Orchestration for Smart Cities: A Review of Kubernetes-based Orchestration Architectures

Data Fusion and Visualization towards City Disaster Management: Lisbon Case Study

Raspberry Pi-based Intelligent Cyber Defense Systems for SMEs and Smart-homes: An Exploratory Study

Comprehensive Survey on Smart Cities Architectures and Protocols

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