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Most Recent Issue

2020

Issue 11 Issue 10 Issue 9

Issue 4 Issue 3 Issue 2 Issue 1

EAI Endorsed Transactions on Smart Cities

EAI Endorsed Transactions on Smart Cities is an open access, peer-reviewed scholarly journal focused on applications for Smart Cities with leverage on big-data applications, ICT devices used in the factory of the future, HPC, industrial processes, energy efficiency systems, social platforms and more. The journal publishes research articles, review articles, commentaries, editorials, technical articles, and short communications with a quarterly frequency. Authors are not charged for article submission and processing.

Editor(s)-in-Chief: Henrique Santos and Sara Paiva

Guest Editor(s): Anand Nayyar and Gururaj H L

Aims & Scope
Indexing
Editors in Chief
Editorial Board
Special Issues

Smart Cities are transforming our urban life with digital technologies, offering new citizen-centric public services, optimizing the usage of resources and reducing the impact of service provisioning on the environment. Cities are too big to ignore, they are at the core of our work and leisure lives, hosting the majority of World's population, and the majority of its innovation infrastructure and assets.

Regarding key fundamental dynamics and mobility issues, many cities continue to grow in world-wide while demographic aging will also create pressure of the costs of running staff-intensive mobility infrastructure. It is necessary to improved performance in basic city management areas starting from smart and sustainable mobility, traffic and road networks, to transport systems, but also considering street cleaning to water management, to sustainable energy and affordable low carbon environments.

Generally, a smart city combines legacy networks and new communication architectures in order to achieve compatibility and interoperability among public administrations, operators, companies and population. Then, it goes beyond the use of ICT to provide new advanced services in diverse business and technological domains, such as urban transports, water supply, disposal facilities, lightning, heat buildings and so on. To this aim, the integration of information and communication systems, sensors and data analytics over different systems and infrastructures of a city is necessary.

Topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

Applications for Smart Cities able to leverage Big-Data Applications, ICT devices used in Factory of the Future, HPC, Industrial Processes, Energy Efficiency Systems, Social Platforms, etc.
Building Trust-based communication and computing systems for IoT and Clouds applications being Secure for Citizens
eHealth applications for Citizens.
Connecting in City Buildings for optimizing resources and utilities.
Software engineering methodology for the design of Smart Cities Systems
Energy Efficient and Green Software-defined Infrastructures aimed at Smart Cities facilities.
Re-allocation of resources and services (independently of their location) across distributed computing and geographically separated data storage and processing infrastructures. Inter-Cities along with Federation Services: availability, Disaster recovery, etc.
Federation of Services (IaaS, PaaS and SaaS) aimed at Public Administrations
Service discovery in Smart Cities - device Discovery and Data Discovery.
Easy and Large Deployment and autonomic management of densely interconnected and decentralised Cloud, Networks and IoTs infrastructures aimed at Smart Cities.
Control Architectures/Network Programmability in Smart Cities aimed at mobility, traffic and road networks, transport systems, energy, economy, and so on.
ICT applications enabling Energy-aware, smart and sustainable mobility solutions for Smart Cities.
Verification/Debugging/ Auditing Tools for all Applications in Smart Cities Domains
Energy-aware and sustainable computing solutions for Smart Cities applications

Special issue on Prevention and control of communicable diseases: ICT solutions for smart cities

Important dates:

Manuscript Submission deadline: 2020-06-26

Notification of Acceptance: 2020-07-27

Submission of final revised paper: 2020-08-28

Publication of special issue (Tentative): 2020-09-11

Guest editors:

Dr. Raman Kumar
Prof. Sweta Saraff
Dr. Supratim Gupta
Dr. Ramakrishna Biswal
Dr. Tushar Singh
Nabanita Saha
Dr. Chandana Aditya

Special issue on Sustainable Computing Solutions for Smart Healthcare towards
Smart Cities: With a special focus on COVID-19 Pandemic

Important dates:

Manuscript Submission deadline: 2020-06-15

Notification of Acceptance: 2020-07-15

Submission of final revised paper: 2020-08-17

Publication of special issue (Tentative): 2020-08-21

Guest editors:

Prof. Dr. Sandeep Kautish
Dr. Ahmed J. Obaid
Dr. Rohit Sharma
Dr. Pradeep Kumar
Dr. Korhan Cengiz
Dr. Pradeep N

Call for Papers: Special issue on Social usage of Big Data Application in Smart city

Important dates:

Manuscript Submission deadline: 2020-06-30

Notification of Acceptance: 2020-07-31

Submission of final revised paper: 2020-08-289

Publication of special issue (Tentative): 2020-09-18)

Guest editor:

Dr. Girija Narasimhan (Higher College of Technology-Muscat, Oman)

Call for Papers: Special issue on Digital Systems for Humans

Important dates:

Manuscript Submission deadline: 30th of September 2020

Notification of Acceptance: 10th of November 2020

Submission of final revised paper: 30th of November 2020

Publication of special issue (Tentative): 20th of December 2020)

Guest editors:

Fabien FERRERO (Université Côte d’Azur, France)
Nhan LE THANH (Danang University, Vietnam)
Van Ga BUI (University of Dasang, Vietnam)

Call for Papers: Special issue on Impact of Digital Intelligence, Big data and Data analytics on Smart and Sustainable Cities

Important dates:

Manuscript Submission deadline: 2020-09-25

Notification of Acceptance: 2020-10-25

Submission of final revised paper: 2020-11-25

Publication of special issue (Tentative): 2020-12-15

Guest editors:

Dr. A. Suresh (Nehru Institute of Engineering and Technology, India)
Mr. Udendhran R (Bharathidasan University, India)
Dr. Anantha Raman G R (Malla Reddy Institute of Engineering and Technology, India)

Andrea Prati (University of Parma)
Antonio Celesti (Universitá degli Studi di Messina)
Antonio Jara (University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland)
Bin Guo (Northwestern Polytechnical University)
Burak Kantarci (University of Ottawa)
Dhananjay Singh (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, South Korea)
Luca Foschini (University of Bologna)
Marco Zappatore (University of Salento)
Maria Fazio (Universitá degli Studi di Messina)
Philipp Leitner (University of Zurich)
Rajiv Ranjan (Newcastle University)
Yanmin Zhu (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)
Mohd Abdul Ahad (Jamia Hamdard, India)
Sérgio Adriano Fernandes Lopes (University of Minho Portugal)
Gautami Tripathi (School of Engineering Sciences and technology, Jamia Hamdard, India)
Anand Nayyar (Duy Tan University, Viet Nam)
Yuanqing Zheng (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University)
Nishu Gupta (Vaagdevi College of Engineering, India)

Henrique Santos¹

Henrique M. Dinis Santos received his first degree in Electric and Electronic Engineering, from the University of Coimbra, Portugal, in 1984. In 1996 he received the Ph.D. degree in Computer Engineering, from the University of the Minho, Portugal and the habilitation degree in 2013, by the same institution. Currently, he is an Associate Professor at the Information Systems Department, University of Minho, being responsible for several graduate and postgraduate courses. The research work has been framed within ALGORITMI Research Centre, at the same university, where he is responsible by the supervision of several postgraduate students and the coordination of several R&D projects, mainly in the Information Security area – emphasis on Intrusion Detection, biometrical technologies and Information Security Management – and Computer Architecture area – emphasis on Computer Vision and Cloud Computing. He authored and co-authored several scientific publications in journals, conferences and books within his field of interests and co-authored a patent with an industrial partner, in 2012, in the biometric area. He is also the President of a national Technical Committee (CT 136) for information system security standardization, Vice President for Conferences and Workshops of IEEE Education Society, President of the Portuguese Association for Data Protection (APPD) and integrates frequently advice and scientific committees supporting civil, governmental and military organizations, concerning Information Security subjects. During the second semester of 1990, under an ERASMUS program, he was teaching at the University of Bristol, United Kingdom, where he was recognized as University Academic staff.

Sara Paiva²

Sara Paiva is an Associate Professor at the Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, a PhD in Informatics Engineering from University of Vigo in 2011 and a Postdoctoral Researcher at the University of Oviedo since January 2018, under advanced driving assistants and urban mobility. She is the coordinator of a recently created research centre in the Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo. Her main line of research is mobility solutions with a focus on accessibility and social inclusion and has oriented several final projects of Bachelor and Master in her main line of work. She is frequent book editor of Springer and IGI books, has authored and co-authored several scientific publications in journals and conferences, is a frequent reviewer of international journals and international conferences.

1: University of Minho, Portugal
2: Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Portugal

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Recently Published
Most Popular

Review on Drowsiness Detection
Appears in:
sc 18: e7

Authors:
Apoorva Apoorva, D Khasim Vali, Rakesh K R

Published:
10th Jul 2020

Abstract:
This paper relates the street mishaps that happen because of driver's drowsiness. Recent studies state that more disasters are caused due to doziness. Drivers can feel drowsiness due to sleep deprivation, continuously driving, drugs and medicines, and so on. Accidents caused due to doziness are m…This paper relates the street mishaps that happen because of driver's drowsiness. Recent studies state that more disasters
are caused due to doziness. Drivers can feel drowsiness due to sleep deprivation, continuously driving, drugs and
medicines, and so on. Accidents caused due to doziness are more than drink driving. This paper traces many methods to
detect drowsiness and alerts the driver. There are two approaches to detect drowsiness. First is physiologically based and
another is behavioral-based. Also there are other approached used. Many technologies are used for detecting the weariness
of the driver. It is a review paper of numerous advancements utilized by various scientists. In addition, human conduct can
also be studied. Also, the discovery of drowsiness with eyes open is conceivable. In countenance detection technology,
driver weariness recognition is one of the major possible businesses uses. Here how drivers can be alerted using different
methods is discussed.
more »
A Comprehensive Study on Highly Sensitive Photonics Based Acoustic Sensors for Under Water Applications
Appears in:
sc 18: e6

Authors:
Hareesh Kumar, M. N Sreerangaraju

Published:
10th Jun 2020

Abstract:
By referring few researcher works which is related to the work of optical sensor and able to detect the acoustic signal, this review paper provides the detailed study of acoustic signal in under water. Researchers has worked with the optical sensor and emerged as great promising sensing device. F…By referring few researcher works which is related to the work of optical sensor and able to detect the acoustic
signal, this review paper provides the detailed study of acoustic signal in under water. Researchers has worked
with the optical sensor and emerged as great promising sensing device. From various research papers it is
observed that the detection of acoustic signal is done with the help of various optical sensors. The various
sensors are fiber bragg grating (FBG) sensor, fiber optic interferometric sensor and Mach zehnder
interferometer (MZI) sensor. So this review paper covers all these sensors and their application with a
particular focus on the different structure of optical sensor. The structure of the various sensors and their
application is discussed from the different research paper.
The overall work is reported and corresponding result is demonstrated. From the demonstrated work it has been
observed that with good quality and proper sensitivity in all optical sensors are able to detect the acoustic signal
for under water due to their compact size and able to provide accurate results.
more »
Critical Success Factors of Green Project Management for Sustainable Housing
Appears in:
sc 18: e5

Authors:
Dina Khater, A. Samer Ezeldin, Medhat Elshazly

Published:
3rd Jun 2020

Abstract:
The growing demand for green construction, which is associated with increased perceptions of the risks associated with going green, highlights the need for a standard or benchmark that should be identified for project management practices to ensure successful sustainable urban development, assess i…The growing demand for green construction, which is associated with increased perceptions of the risks associated with going green, highlights the need for a standard or benchmark that should be identified for project management practices to ensure successful sustainable urban development, assess its progress and report the results. The article argues that this would require a rephrasing of the project management processes as the execution of green building projects requires changes to the traditional project management aspects. Therefore, the article will address the significant changes needed for project management practices that are appropriate to provide procedural parameters to a green building project. Based on this perspective, the article explores the integration of concepts of sustainability into knowledge areas and processes of project management and how it can be used as a tool to sustainably implement the construction projects. The article results to reach the critical success factors of a work plan which is introduced as a Guide Model. The introduced Guide Model was validated to ensure the integration of sustainability into the management of sustainable development and fast track mega projects, called Green Project Management (GPM) with Egyptian sustainable development in the housing sector as the case study.
more »
A Proposed Methodology for Integrated Architectural Design of Smart Hospitals
Appears in:
sc 18: e4

Author:
Mohamed Helmy Elhefnawy

Published:
28th May 2020

Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: Urgent need has recently emerged to transform hospitals from buildings that not only achieve functional requirements, but also comply with modern technologies. This is so that they are able to self-adapt to external conditions and change their behavior according to users. This is comp…INTRODUCTION: Urgent need has recently emerged to transform hospitals from buildings that not only achieve functional requirements, but also comply with modern technologies. This is so that they are able to self-adapt to external conditions and change their behavior according to users. This is compatible with emerging trends to convert cities and buildings in developing countries to smart.

OBJECTIVES: To develop a comprehensive methodology for proper dealing with smart materials & systems when constructing and finishing hospitals, leading to defining principles of an integrated architectural design for smart hospitals.

METHODS: The descriptive analytical approach included theoretical background on concept of smart hospitals, types of smart materials & systems and their role in hospital design.

RESULTS: An integrated methodology for proper architectural dealing with hospitals to allow them to be smart, which the study recommends to follow and complement between smart materials and systems.

CONCLUSION: The research conceived a proposed methodology for the architectural design of smart hospitals and identified mechanisms for utilizing smart materials and systems in developing hospital designs.
more »
Wheelchair Control and Home Automation Using Hand Gestures
Appears in:
sc 18: e3

Authors:
Nithya BG, Sanjay S, Thanush R, Thejas BK, Venugeetha Y

Published:
21st May 2020

Abstract:
With the advancement of technology in recent times, mobility is one field which is not left behind. The difficulty and dependency for mobility is the major drawback of mechanical wheelchair. But in recent decades, there are many technologies which have been implemented to overcome different disabil…With the advancement of technology in recent times, mobility is one field which is not left behind. The difficulty and dependency for mobility is the major drawback of mechanical wheelchair. But in recent decades, there are many technologies which have been implemented to overcome different disabilities of people. The proposed system uses air gesture to control both home automation and wheelchair movement. Arduino UNO controls the movement of the wheelchair and to control specific electrical appliances at home. The video of hand gesture by user will be processed to obtain the input for Arduino board. The proposed system is aimed at providing ease of use for disabled with minimal hand movement.
more »
Smart Cities: Sustainable and Safety Roads Study Model
Appears in:
sc 18: e2

Authors:
R. M. Kamal, N. A. Elsayed, N. G. Gado

Published:
21st May 2020

Abstract:
Sustainable Satisfaction in Smart Cities has been discussed extensively within the academic context, however; it is argued the fast-urban development and technology, strong trend towards facilitating of urban communities through achieving user’s satisfaction. Consequently, urban planners have had t…Sustainable Satisfaction in Smart Cities has been discussed extensively within the academic context, however; it is argued the fast-urban development and technology, strong trend towards facilitating of urban communities through achieving user’s satisfaction. Consequently, urban planners have had to work hard to raise awareness and increase the quality of life among with future development, global goals, which are easily adopted in new cities which includes tools and mechanisms to achieve such goals . This research aims to respond to the hypothesis by answering the following question: What are the sustainability road elements would that enable achieving a good quality of life and user’s satisfaction in smart new cities??? Hence, the challenges of implementing a maximum level of satisfaction to improve smart new cities’ performance to meet resident expectation and keep it ahead. This paper pinpoints through applying various methods, concepts and practices. Using mixed methods offers a sharper insight into the research question and problems than a single methodology approach, theoretical studies includes articles that address relevant subjects. Moreover, by analyse and compare the performance of the chosen international European smart city case studies in terms of pros and cons methods and efficiency. The researchers plan to apply their research techniques, by suggesting a check list to reach a comparative analysis for improving the current situation, raise life standards in a sustainable manner, which may help the New Egyptian cities those based on the principle of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to face any challenges and improve their opportunities, through a comprehensive and effective management system.
more »
A Methodical Plan Towards Smart Economy in New Egyptian Cities
Appears in:
sc 18: e1

Author:
Reham M. Hafez

Published:
21st May 2020

Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: Initial patterns of urbanization world demonstrate differing scenarios in different continents, requiring diverse methodologies, policies, and strategies. The information & communication technology (ICT) leads to the development of the city management and smart economy which does not …INTRODUCTION: Initial patterns of urbanization world demonstrate differing scenarios in different continents, requiring diverse methodologies, policies, and strategies. The information & communication technology (ICT) leads to the development of the city management and smart economy which does not adhere to borders and nationalities. The Egyptian economy passed through various stages of development in the last few years, the government policy has National Egyptian initiatives towards the Smart Economy.

OBJECTIVES: Stand on the structure of the smart economy to draw the path for Egypt's local economy to evaluate the existing economic state and conclude to a guiding methodology towards the smart economy in new Egyptian cities.

METHODS: Analytical approach to investigate "concepts, the smart economy as a pillar of smart city, urban entities, examples of smart economy projects around the world". Cross-analysis between national governmental initiatives in Egypt to support the smart economy and some development indicators in the new cities.

RESULTS: The difference in the locations, inhabitants' nature of new cities, requires various and varied approaches to process towards the smart economy.

CONCLUSION: The research proposes an adaptation methodical plan for developing the smart economy concept in New Egyptian cities, this plan depends on the constants, variables, policies on both national & local levels.
more »

Consociate Healthcare System through Biometric Based Internet of Medical Things (BBIOMT) Approach
Appears in:
sc 20(10): e5

Authors:
Sherin Zafar, Samia Khan, Nida Iftekhar, Siddharta Sankar Biswas

Published:
23rd Jun 2020

Abstract:
Internet of Medical Things (IOMT) or healthcare Internet of Thing (IOT) is a collection of medical devices and applications that connect the various healthcare systems based on IT through online computer networks. The devices are connected the output Wi-Fi allowing the M-M (machine to machine) co…Internet of Medical Things (IOMT) or healthcare Internet of Thing (IOT) is a collection of medical devices and
applications that connect the various healthcare systems based on IT through online computer networks. The devices are
connected the output Wi-Fi allowing the M-M (machine to machine) communication through IOMT. IOMT provides
various applications including remote patient monitoring (RPM), wearable fitness bands (WFB), hospital beds that are
sensor equipped and many-more. IOMT allows communication of medical devices without the intervention of human. The
widespread deployment of IOMT faces challenges of security, privacy, connectivity as well as compatibility. IOMT based
systems suffer from various security breaches and hacking attacks. Traditional security measures of login/password do not
compliment IOT based systems. So this research chapter proposes a novel Biometric Based Internet of Medical Things
(BBIOMT) technology that is unique and spoof free. The BBIOMT approach eliminates shortcomings of traditional
password schemes and offer a much superior authentication solution.
more »
Big Data in Telecom Industry: Eﬀective Predictive Techniques on CDRs
Appears in:
sc 20(11): e1

Authors:
Sara ElElimy, Samir Moustafa

Published:
4th Jun 2020

Abstract:
Mobile network operators start to face many challenges in the digital era, especially with high demands from customers. Since the mobile network operators have considered a source of big data traditional techniques are not eﬀective with new era big data, internet of things (IoT) and 5G, as a result…Mobile network operators start to face many challenges in the digital era, especially with high demands from customers. Since the mobile network operators have considered a source of big data traditional techniques are not eﬀective with new era big data, internet of things (IoT) and 5G, as a result handling eﬀectively diﬀerent big datasets becomes a vital task for operators with the continuous growth of data and moving from long term evolution(LTE) to 5G therefore, there is an urgent need for suﬃcient big data analytic to predict future demands, traﬃc, and network performance to fulﬁll the requirements of the ﬁfth generation of mobile network technology. In this paper, we introduce data science techniques using machine learning and deep learning algorithms: the auto-regressive integrated moving average(ARIMA) Bayesian-based curve ﬁtting, and recurrent neural network(RNN) is employed for a data-driven application to mobile network operators. The main framework included in models is an identiﬁcation parameter of each model, estimation, prediction, and ﬁnal data-driven application of this prediction from business and network performance applications. These models are applied to Telecom Italian Big Data challenge call detail records (CDRs) datasets. The performance of these models is found out using speciﬁc well-known evaluation criteria that show that ARIMA (machine learning-based model) is more accurate as a predictive model in such a dataset as the RNN (deep learning model).
more »
Implementation of Decentralized Blockchain E-voting
Appears in:
sc 20(10): e4

Authors:
Saad Moin Khan, Aansa Arshad, Gazala Mushtaq, Aqeel Khalique, Tarek Husein

Published:
3rd Jun 2020

Abstract:
E-voting reduced the cost of election and provided convenience to some extent as compared to the traditional approach of pen and paper but it was considered to be unreliable as anyone having access to the machine physically can obstruct the machine and alter the votes. Also in order to control the …E-voting reduced the cost of election and provided convenience to some extent as compared to the traditional approach of pen and paper but it was considered to be unreliable as anyone having access to the machine physically can obstruct the machine and alter the votes. Also in order to control the entire procedure from electronic voting to electoral results and tracking the outcomes, a central system is required. Voters are not completely secure as vote can be targeted easily. It also possesses a great threat to the right to vote and transparency. This paper provides a solution for removing inconveniences from conventional elections using blockchain that has emerged as an exciting technology for various application due to its unique characteristics that outperform other technologies. The goal of this research is to establish a system for e-voting that is decentralized rather than centralized by using blockchain technology that guarantees protection to electorate’s identity, data transfer privacy and verifiability by an open and transparent voting process.
more »
Blockchain: A detailed survey to explore innovative implementation of disruptive technology
Appears in:
sc 20(10): e3

Authors:
Tabish Mufti, Nudrat Saleem, Shahab Saquib Sohail

Published:
3rd Jun 2020

Abstract:
Blockchain technology is a major disruptive technology breakthroughs in the past two decade. This technology can be easily understood as a ledger of records which are irreversible and verifiable. The greatest impact of this application is in the massive generation of crypto-currencies. Over the yea…Blockchain technology is a major disruptive technology breakthroughs in the past two decade. This technology can be easily understood as a ledger of records which are irreversible and verifiable. The greatest impact of this application is in the massive generation of crypto-currencies. Over the years, block chain has proved to be more comprehensive and beneficial in more ways than one; not just as an archive of records or virtual currency domain. This paper comes up with a survey done to bring out the key developments of block chain into other domains of practice. Despite the most prevalent adoption of block chain happened to be financial and banking sector but there are researches and trials been done in many other sector by technology game changers. This paper will explore and present diverse uses of block chain in other domains, its impacts and the future course of implementation practices that may be tested.
more »
Secured Authentication Systems for Internet of Things
Appears in:
sc 20(11): e3

Authors:
Gowtham M, M. K. Banga, Mallanagouda Patil

Published:
21st Apr 2020

Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: In these days, an enormous extent of contraptions are interconnected with the remote advances which gave the principal light to the front line development of Internet of Things (IoT). Different quick contraptions and machines are by and by watched and controlled using IoT convention…INTRODUCTION: In these days, an enormous extent of contraptions are interconnected with the remote advances which
gave the principal light to the front line development of Internet of Things (IoT). Different quick contraptions and
machines are by and by watched and controlled using IoT conventions. The developments of IoT are by and by spread to
the entire sphere by which there is superb system in the devices related using IoT. From the assessment reports of
Statista.com, The closeout of splendid home contraptions raised from 1.2 billion dollars to 4.4 billion dollars from year
2015 to year 2019 in the United States. As indicated by the report from Economics Times, there will connect with more
than 2 billion units of ESIM based contraptions by year 2024. With the use of ESIM, the endorsers can use the progressed
SIM card for the astute contraptions and the organizations can be activated without need of the physical SIM card. It is one
of the progressing and confirmed employments of Internet of Things (IoT).

OBJECTIVES: The presented research manuscript is presenting an outline of the present state of IoT security.

METHODS: Past the standard applications, IoT is under research for the earth watching and prior notification to the
coordinating workplaces so the fitting moves can be made. As per the news report by Grand View Research Inc., the
overall IoT marketplace size is shown to contact more than 5,000 million dollars by year 2025. The presented IoT suggests
the radio advancement standard with LPWAN so the enormous consideration of sharp devices should be conceivable with
more significant level of execution in the system.

RESULTS: The key positive of the paper integrates the evaluation of Internet of Things with the assorted dimensions in
addition to the cavernous analytics with the implementation aspects towards the security mechanism. The paper is having
the focus and goals towards the association of security aware mechanism for the cumulative performance of IoT based
environment.

CONCLUSION: With the gigantic utilization of IoT, there is have to incorporate the higher level of security and honesty
for the protection mindful system condition.
more »
Protecting and Securing Sensitive Data in a Big Data Using Encryption
Appears in:
sc 20(11): e5

Authors:
Praveen S. Banasode, Sunita Padmannavar

Published:
17th Apr 2020

Abstract:
The Transaction data which contains a sensitive data, a program like a android app or a browser, does not adequately protect information such as unique values or related payment information, more or likely a privacy concern. In most of the cases, security breaches, which involve the unstructured …The Transaction data which contains a sensitive data, a program like a android app or a browser, does not adequately
protect information such as unique values or related payment information, more or likely a privacy concern. In most of the
cases, security breaches, which involve the unstructured data like documents and files, will reveal all sensitive information.
To address this issue the transaction data can be processed across the nodes based on Advanced Encryption Standard(AES)
algorithm for generating keys and also by using MapReduce algorithm to check number of sensitive data, where we will
partition the data based on set key value pairs, whereby protecting the raw data using real-time security monitoring. The
data, which requires an extra protection, needs to be identified, based on that data can be encrypted.
more »
An Application of IOT and WSN to Monitor the Temperature of AC Transmission Line
Appears in:
sc 20(11): e4

Authors:
Rashmi S, Shankariah Shankariah, Pooja H K, Upanya M

Published:
17th Apr 2020

Abstract:
With the increase in demand for power with population, power quality issue is one of the challenging areas which needs utmost attention. It is a known fact that the transmission of power takes place through transmission lines which are bare conductors and are prone to many natural situations, whi…With the increase in demand for power with population, power quality issue is one of the challenging areas which needs
utmost attention. It is a known fact that the transmission of power takes place through transmission lines which are bare
conductors and are prone to many natural situations, which degrade the quality of power and also leads to sagging of
conductors. Variation in temperature is a commonly affecting parameter over these transmission lines and leads to
deviation in the power flow affecting ampacity of the conductors and over a period of time leads to unwanted sag.
Monitoring the temperature of transmission lines is done continuosly using LM35 temperature sensor and an application of
Internet Of Things (IOT) through thingspeak application platform to track the variations. An Wireless Sensor Network
(WSN) environment is created to transmit the temperature data from one node to another using NS-2 platform.
more »
Energy efficient Technique for Cluster-head Selection in IoT Network
Appears in:
sc 20(11): e2

Authors:
Vishwas D B, Gowtham M, Gururaj H L

Published:
17th Apr 2020

Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: Wireless sensor systems (WSN) clusters specific transducers that give detecting services to Internet of Things (IoT) devices with limited energy and capacity assets. Clustering calculation assumes a significant job in control preservation for the energy compelled organizes. OBJEC…INTRODUCTION: Wireless sensor systems (WSN) clusters specific transducers that give detecting services to Internet of
Things (IoT) devices with limited energy and capacity assets. Clustering calculation assumes a significant job in control
preservation for the energy compelled organizes.

OBJECTIVES: Picking a cluster head can suitably adjust the load in the network in this way increasing strength utilization
and improving lifetime. Since substitution or energizing of batteries nodes is very difficult, control utilization becomes one
of the critical plan issues in WSN.

METHODS: The paper focus around an effective cluster head selection decision that rotates the cluster head position among
the nodes with higher energy level when compared with other. The calculation thinks about beginning strength, unwanted
energy and an ideal estimation of cluster heads to choose the following gathering of cluster sets out toward the system that
suits for IoT applications, for example, ecological examination, smart city communities.

RESULTS: Reproduction examination shows the better altered version algorithm to anything the LEACH.

CONCLUSION: V-LEACH Clustering algorithm improves network lifetime, packet throughput and Average Residual
energy compare to LEACH.
more »
Blockchain Technology and Smart Cities - A Review
Appears in:
sc 20(10): e2

Authors:
Shilpi Shilpi, Mohd Abdul Ahad

Published:
27th Mar 2020

Abstract:
Blockchain technology can be termed as a revolutionary innovation that has transformed the manner of data sharing by making it more secure and immutable. The existence of a mutual trust model which includes every participating entity makes it a widespread adopted technology in recent years. Due to …Blockchain technology can be termed as a revolutionary innovation that has transformed the manner of data sharing by making it more secure and immutable. The existence of a mutual trust model which includes every participating entity makes it a widespread adopted technology in recent years. Due to its impeccable application domains the blockchain technology is slowly becoming an essential enabling technology of modern day. Smart cities ecosystem is one such domain wherein blockchain is finding numerous application and implementation avenues. Due to the diverse nature of devices and heterogeneity of data involved in smart cities ecosystem blockchain is considered an apt technology. In this paper, the current status of “blockchain based smart cities” is discussed. The paper further systematically reviews the various existing proposals, frameworks and architectures which were developed by researchers in order to mitigate the issues and challenges in the implementation of smart cities by utilizing the blockchain innovation.
more »
A Systematic Review of Blockchain-based Services for Security Upgradation of a Smart City
Appears in:
sc 20(10): e1

Author:
Noushaba Feroz

Published:
24th Mar 2020

Abstract:
The concept of smart city has gained popularity in recent years. The elementary concept refers to promoting the uninterrupted sharing of data and services within and across communities by the application of emerging technologies. Smart cities strive for cost reduction, optimal use of resources and …The concept of smart city has gained popularity in recent years. The elementary concept refers to promoting the uninterrupted sharing of data and services within and across communities by the application of emerging technologies. Smart cities strive for cost reduction, optimal use of resources and the development of a more sustainable environment. Considerable advances in modern technologies such as IoT and wireless communication have enabled sharing of data between remote devices which are geared with open data, hence a smart city is susceptible to a number of security threats. It is important to identify these threats, analyze IoT data to improve privacy and security and identify the corresponding consequences. Blockchain has emerged as a promising solution to resolve these challenges. Blockchain is a peer-to-peer shared database technology that cannot be modified once a transaction is recorded and validated. This study explores the contribution of blockchain to smart cities in terms of decentralized security, immutability, transparency and privacy to provide intelligent, customized and context-aware services to smart city dwellers. A brief overview of this novel technology has been given along with its deployment in a smart city setting, the open issues discussed and prospective scope of blockchain application has been presented.
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Emulating Vehicular Ad hoc Networks for Evaluation and Testing of Automotive Embedded Systems
Appears in:
sc 16(2): e2

Authors:
Manuel Schiller, Alois Knoll

Downloads:
881

Abstract:
The evaluation and testing of cooperative applications based on Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) in real testbeds is difficult due to the need for repeatable scenarios and large-scale experiments. Therefore a novel virtualization-based framework is presented to evaluate automotive software in the…The evaluation and testing of cooperative applications based on Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) in real testbeds is difficult due to the need for repeatable scenarios and large-scale experiments. Therefore a novel virtualization-based framework is presented to evaluate automotive software in the context of emulated VANETs. The approach enables the precise and large-scale evaluation of real-world implementations through the synchronized execution of network and vehicle simulators as well as the applications encapsulated in virtual Electronic Control Units. This paper provides a detailed description of the framework's structure and its components as well as an validation of the proposed synchronization algorithm. The performance comparison with pure network simulation indicates that despite additional overhead large-scale experiments can be conducted without loss of accuracy.
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IoT Applications to Smart Campuses and a Case Study
Appears in:
sc 17(5): e4

Author:
D. Minoli

Downloads:
730

Abstract:
Internet of Things (IoT) concepts are now being broadly investigated for actual deployment initiatives. Although ecosystem-wide architectures and standards are still slowly evolving and/or still lacking, some progress is being made; standardization fosters flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and ubiqu…Internet of Things (IoT) concepts are now being broadly investigated for actual deployment initiatives. Although ecosystem-wide architectures and standards are still slowly evolving and/or still lacking, some progress is being made; standardization fosters flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and ubiquitous deployment. Applications range from infrastructure and critical-infrastructure support (for example smart grid, smart city, smart building, and transportation), to end-user applications such as e-health, crowdsensing, and further along, to a multitude of other applications where only the imagination is the limit. This article discusses a specific example of an IoT application supporting Smart Campuses. Smart Campuses are part of a continuum that spans cities at the large-scale end to smart buildings at the small-scale end, and encompass universities, business parks, hospitals, housing developments, correctional facilities, and other real estate environments. The specific Use Case example covered in this article relates to an actual project to automate some key functions at a set of large campuses, but the nature of the campus is not directly revealed. After a review of the applicable IoT and control technologies, this Best Practices article describes technological solutions that were employed to support the requisite control functions and serves as an example for the applicability of IoT to Smart Campus applications.
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An Open Agent-Based Model to Simulate the Effect of WOM Marketing Campaigns
Appears in:
sc 16(4): e3

Authors:
Paul Leger, Manuela López, Carmen Hidalgo-Alcázar, Hiroaki Fukuda

Downloads:
696

Abstract:
Word-Of-Mouth (WOM) is the opinion of consumers about a product. There is currently a clear trend in the use of WOM to diffuse information about a new product, known as WOM marketing campaigns. Marketing researchers are studying the impact of the different types of these campaigns has. The difficul…Word-Of-Mouth (WOM) is the opinion of consumers about a product. There is currently a clear trend in the use of WOM to diffuse information about a new product, known as WOM marketing campaigns. Marketing researchers are studying the impact of the different types of these campaigns has. The difficulty in getting data and isolating the effect that is analyzed limits the research of marketers in this topic. Lastly, some simulation models based on agents have overcome previous difficulty. However, these models are ad-hoc and specific solutions for every study. This poster proposes an open implementation of an agent-based model to simulate different scenarios of WOM marketing campaigns. Through customizations, this proposal will allow marketing researchers to test WOM marketing campaigns in different scenarios.
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Evaluation of LPWAN technology for Smart City
Appears in:
sc 17(6): e3

Authors:
Hussein Mroue, Guillaume Andrieux, Eduardo Motta Cruz, Gilles Rouyer

Downloads:
689

Abstract:
In this paper, we explore technologies for low power wide area networks (LPWAN) serving the Internet of Things (IoT). These networks are ded-icated to long-range and low-speed communication to ensure a good autonomy up to 10 years and a budget link up to tens of kilometers. The performance of two …In this paper, we explore technologies for low power wide area networks (LPWAN) serving the Internet of
Things (IoT). These networks are ded-icated to long-range and low-speed communication to ensure a good autonomy up to 10 years and a budget link up to tens of kilometers. The performance of two LPWA technologies is investigated, where the well known LoRa and Sigfox technologies are evaluated according to their sensitivity to the interference and the impact of the spreading spectrum technique on the receptor sensitivity. Numerical results are presented and discussed.
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Multi Agent System Optimization in Virtual Vehicle Testbeds
Appears in:
sc 16(2): e1

Authors:
Patrick Lange, Rene Weller, Gabriel Zachmann

Downloads:
661

Abstract:
Modelling, simulation, and optimization play a crucial role in the development and testing of autonomous vehicles. The ability to compute, test, assess, and debug suitable configurations reduces the time and cost of vehicle development. Until now, engineers are forced to manually change vehicle…Modelling, simulation, and optimization play a crucial role in the development and testing of autonomous vehicles. The ability to compute, test, assess, and debug
suitable configurations reduces the time and cost of vehicle development.
Until now, engineers are forced to manually change vehicle configurations in virtual testbeds in order to react to inappropriate simulated vehicle performance.
Such manual adjustments are very time consuming and are also often made ad-hoc, which decreases the overall quality of the vehicle engineering process.
In order to avoid this manual adjustment as well as to improve the overall quality of these adjustments, we present a novel comprehensive approach to modelling, simulation, and optimization of such vehicles.
Instead of manually adjusting vehicle configurations, engineers can specify simulation goals in a domain specific modelling language. The simulated vehicle performance
is then mapped to these simulation goals and our multi-agent system computes for optimized vehicle configuration parameters in order to satisfy these goals.
Consequently, our approach does not need any supervision and gives engineers visual feedback of their vehicle configuration expectations.
Our evaluation shows that we are able to optimize vehicle configuration sets to meet simulation goals while maintaining real-time performance of the overall simulation.
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Computational Viability of Fog Methodologies in IoT Enabled Smart City Architectures-A Smart Grid Case Study
Appears in:
sc 18(7): 3

Authors:
Md. Muzakkir Hussain, Mohammad Saad Alam, M.M. Sufyan Beg

Downloads:
653

Abstract:
The gradual evolution in the Information Communication Technology (ICT) support of Smart City (SC) architecture leveraged with meshes of Internet of Things (IoT) creates and welcomes research and investment efforts from academia, R&Ds and policymakers. The IoT utilities are being deployed at eve… The gradual evolution in the Information Communication Technology (ICT) support of Smart City (SC) architecture leveraged with meshes of Internet of Things (IoT) creates and welcomes research and investment efforts from academia, R&Ds and policymakers. The IoT utilities are being deployed at every layers of a typical SG backbone namely Application layer, Energy layer and Communication layer. The geo-distributed clusters of IoT “objects” produce galactic volume of data that exacerbates the need to make a paradigm shift from centralized data center based processing to a hybrid model that supports both in situ as well as cloud based storage and computational resources. To combat such SC issues, Fog Computing (FC) emerges as a promising solution, which pushes the computation resources onto the network edge nodes. This work investigates the high performance of Fog Computing over generic cloud computing in terms of metrics viz. latencies, power consumption etc, through a Smart Grid (SG) use-case. Through an operational cost optimization framework, the work comprehends the suitability of fog methodologies to make a synergistic interplay with the core centered clouds thus empowering a wide breed of real-time and latency free services. Finally, an overview of the core orchestration issues, challenges, and future research directions are presented for FC enabled SCs.
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Sophisticated Route Calculation Approaches for Microscopic Trafﬁc Simulations
Appears in:
sc 16(2): e3

Authors:
Karl Huebner, Bjoern Schuenemann, Ilja Radusch

Downloads:
650

Abstract:
In order to implement meaningful microscopic traffic simulations, a sophisticated calculation of the vehicle routes is essential. In this paper, different route calculation approaches for microscopic traffic simulators are analysed and compared. Various simulations are performed to detect traffic d…In order to implement meaningful microscopic traffic simulations, a sophisticated calculation of the vehicle routes is essential. In this paper, different route calculation approaches for microscopic traffic simulators are analysed and compared. Various simulations are performed to detect traffic distribution and traffic flow resulting from the used route calculation approaches. To have simulations as realistic as possible, real OD matrices of the city of Fulda (Germany) were used for the evaluation of the different approaches. The results show that simple route calculation algorithms are not appropriate for microscopic traffic simulations. However, approaches that are more sophisticated and that integrate additional heuristics produce good results regarding traffic distribution and traffic flow and can improve iterative techniques to find a user equilibrium.
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Road Traffic RFID Pedestrians Detecting System for Vehicles
Appears in:
sc 20(9): e2

Authors:
Michal Balog, Angelina Iakovets, Stella Hrehova

Downloads:
643

Abstract:
Safe road traffic, clean environment, environmentally friendly vehicles and eco-buildings are components of the world’s vision of immediate future supported by scientists and statesmen. Aspiration for healthy environment and sustainable development of technologies give life for idea of smart cities…Safe road traffic, clean environment, environmentally friendly vehicles and eco-buildings are components of the world’s vision of immediate future supported by scientists and statesmen. Aspiration for healthy environment and sustainable development of technologies give life for idea of smart cities which consist of all these visions towards modern world.
The aim of research was connection pedestrians and alarm system of the vehicle to prevent road incidents with the help of RFID technology. There were proposed vehicle RFID system and tags for pedestrians. System was designed on the basis of scientists’ research in this area. The main factors influencing the construction of proposed system were working range of the system and coverage width of the reading devices. Further were compared existent subsidiary systems for drivers
versus designed system. The study represents the expected effectiveness of the proposed RFID system as well as the ability to implement it even in old vehicle control systems.
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Smartphone Application for Self Blood Glucose Monitoring & Disease Management- A Case Report
Appears in:
sc 16(4): e2

Author:
Moshe Kamar

Downloads:
633

Abstract:
Self-management of blood sugar glucose, diet and control of daily activities are crucial in overall management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). In order to better adjust insulin type and dosage, educate for better diet patients are seldom requested to conduct a diary of their glucose measurements …Self-management of blood sugar glucose, diet and control of daily activities are crucial in overall management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). In order to better adjust insulin type and dosage, educate for better diet patients are seldom requested to conduct a diary of their glucose measurements and meals. In today’s era of smartphone widespread use, it has been suggested that using mobile technology for self-blood glucose measurement together with the ability to automatically capture other factors important to control DM, may be an important method for enhancing disease self-management.
The Dario™ device and mobile application, is a self-blood glucose monitoring device using smartphone interface. The application accumulates data of measurements, insulin intake, meals and physical activity. Users are also members of an electronic DM support group. We present a case of a 55 y.o. type 2 DM patient who reported using the device over a year period. The patient baseline HbA1c before using the Dario program was 7.4. He started using the Dario device and application and over a period of one year he managed to gradually reduce HbA1c to 6.2 by keeping his glucose measurements in range from 20% a week to 100%.
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Evaluating urban neighbourhoods in terms of mobility performances, using open data and GPS tracks to assess actual people travel behaviour
Appears in:
sc 17(6): e1

Authors:
Matilde Oliveti, Stefan van der Spek

Downloads:
609

Abstract:
Managing urban areas has become one of the most important development challenges of the 21st century. Building sustainable cities is a major factor nowadays. In this context, the advent of technologies such as GPS (Global Positioning System) and GIS (Geographical Information Systems) enables to bet…Managing urban areas has become one of the most important development challenges of the 21st century. Building sustainable cities is a major factor nowadays. In this context, the advent of technologies such as GPS (Global Positioning System) and GIS (Geographical Information Systems) enables to better address the relationship between urban form and people travel behaviour. Spatial and temporal data can be collected at once, giving an insight into the actual movement
pattern of people. In this paper we make a contribution to the existing literature in mobility and urban studies by
comparing a series of GIS-based neighbourhood indicators with the actual people travel behaviour detected by GPS survey. Information about built environment characteristics is retrieved by OpenStreetMap and other datasets. 10 different neighbourhoods in The Netherlands are compared and in the end the main features that characterize efficient
neighbourhoods in terms of sustainable mobility patterns are identified.
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Publisher: EAI
ISSN: 2518-3893
Number of Volumes: 4

Last Published: 2020-07-21

EAI Endorsed Transactions on Smart Cities

Henrique Santos1

Sara Paiva2

Henrique Santos¹

Sara Paiva²