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Most Recent Issue
2025
Issue 1
2024
Issue 1
Editor(s)-in-Chief: * Dr. Le Nguyen Tue Hang, * Prof. Trung Q. Duong (IEEE Fellow and Associate Editors-in-Chiefs (AEiCs)

The EAI Endorsed Transactions on Tourism, Technology and Intelligence (TTI) is an interdisciplinary scholarly refereed research journal that aims to promote the theory and practice of tourism by linking tourism, technology, and intelligence disciplines. It addresses the issues involved in intelligent planning, development, and implementation of technological capabilities to shape and accomplish tourism's strategic and operational objectives. It encourages theoretical and practical, policy and empirical contributions in tourism, technology, and intelligence across social science, economy, education, and engineering. It welcomes new theories, techniques, concepts, algorithms, prototypes, and applications impacting the hospitality and tourism sectors.

This journal is founded, co-organised, and managed by Duy Tan University, Vietnam, in collaboration with Passage to ASEAN (P2A), an ASEAN Entity. It is an official refereed publication of Duy Tan University and the publishing services is provided by EAI

  • Editors-in-Chiefs (EiCs)
  • * Dr. Le Nguyen Tue Hang, Director of Passage to ASEAN Association (P2A) Secretariat Vice Provost of Duy Tan University, Vietnam.
  • * Prof. Trung Q. Duong (IEEE Fellow, AAIA Fellow), Canada Excellent Research Chair, Memorial University, Canada/ Adjunct Chair Professor, Queen’s University Belfast / Research Chair of Royal Academy of Engineering, UK.
  • Associate Editors-in-Chiefs (AEiCs)
  • Tourism section:
  • * Dr. Phuong, Bui Le Anh (P2A Research Manager and Vice Dean of Hospitality & Tourism Institute, Duy Tan University, Vietnam)
  • Technology section:
  • * Dr. Antonino Masaracchia (IEEE Senior Member), Queen’s Mary University of London, UK
  • Intelligence section:
  • * Dr. Hien Nguyen, Queen's University Belfast, UK
  • Associate Editors:
  • * Professor George K. Karagiannidis (IEEE Fellow), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
  • * Professor Hyundong Shin (IEEE Fellow), Kyung Hee University, South Korea
  • * Professor Chau Yuen (IEEE Fellow), Nanyang Technological University
  • * Professor Ozgur B. Akan (IEEE Fellow), University of Cambridge, UK
  • * Professor Shirley Guevarra, University of the Philippines, Philippines
  • * Professor Richard Hazenberg, University of Northampton, UK
  • * Professor Jennifer Pasion Loverio, University of the Philippines-Diliman, Philippines
  • * Professor Berk Canberk, Edinburgh Napier University, UK
  • * Professor Zoran Hadzi-Velkov, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Macedonia
  • * Dr Saeed Reza Khosravirad, Nokia Bell Labs, USA
  • * Dr Junaid ur Rehman, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
  • * Dr Nguyen Gia Nhu, Duy Tan University, Vietnam
  • * Dr Haejoon Jung, Kyung Hee University, Korea
  • * Dr Muhammad Fahim, Queen's University Belfast, UK
  • * Dr Lina Mohjazi, University of Glasgow, UK
  • * Dr Bradley D. E. McNiven, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada
  • * Dr Nguyen-Son Vo, Duy Tan University, Vietnam
  • * Dr. Hamed Ahmadi, University of York, UK
  • * Dr. Tuan Vu Cao, Norwegian Institute for Air Research
  • * Dr Adnan Ahmad Cheema, Ulster University, UK
  • * Dr James Adu Ansere, Sunyani Technical University, Ghana
  • * Dr. Zhichao Sheng, Shanghai University, China

  • Improving State Management on Sustainable Tourism Accommodation Development in Vietnam: From a Business Perspective

    Appears in:
    ttti 25(1):

    Authors:
    Ha Giang Chu, Nam Vu

    Published:
    11th Apr 2025

    Abstract:
    This study examines the role of state management in promoting sustainable tourism accommodation development in Vietnam, focusing on balancing economic growth, environmental conservation, and social equity. The objectives are to assess the current state of sustainable tourism accommodation, identify challenges and opportunities in implementing sustainable practices, evaluate the effectiveness of existing government policies, and propose strategic recommendations for enhancing state management. Using quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with stakeholders, the research reveals a growing commitment to sustainability among high-end accommodations but also highlights challenges such as high certification costs, inadequate regulatory frameworks, and limited stakeholder engagement. The findings underscore the critical role of government policies in fostering sustainable practices and recommend strengthening policy frameworks, providing financial incentives, enhancing stakeholder collaboration, and offering training programs to improve the skills and knowledge of tourism professionals. These steps are essential for Vietnam to achieve its sustainability goals and enhance the competitiveness of its tourism sector.

  • A Hybrid Approach to On-Grid and Off-Grid Solar Energy with Optimum Investment: A Case Study in Vietnam

    Appears in:
    ttti 25(1):

    Authors:
    Tran Minh Tri, Phan Le Tuan Tu, Long D. Nguyen, Nguyen Kim Hoang Nam

    Published:
    11th Apr 2025

    Abstract:
    Vietnam’s demand for energy has grown significantly due to the country’s economy’s fast development and expansion over the last ten years. The majority of energy in the future will have to come from renewable sources due to the issue of greenhouse gas emissions, which will force a significant transition away from fossil fuels as the primary energy source. In the Power Development Plan VIII with a vision to 2050, Vietnam’s power sector has labored to develop new resources such as solar and wind energies in an effort to build and enhance the nation’s power system. A technical and financial model for the construction of a hybrid grid-connected photovoltaic plant with a battery energy storage system under practical optimization problems is presented in this work. Certain business models link the analysis to hourly irradiation by taking into account the hourly energy demand profile for planned working activities. The suggested hybrid system’s investment, needed power, and capacity are evaluated and optimized using a variety of scenarios. These findings demonstrate the system’s economic viability and technological viability in our suggested approaches.

  • Eco and responsible tourism and effective community engagement: Learnings and considerations from the social enterprise sector in Vietnam

    Appears in:
    ttti 25(1):

    Authors:
    Claire Paterson-Young, Michael Maher

    Published:
    11th Apr 2025

    Abstract:
    INTRODUCTION: In the eco and responsible tourism sector, social enterprises (organisations which fund their social mission through market activities) can meaningfully engage with local communities in their pursuit of social impact. OBJECTIVES: This paper explores the trade-offs social enterprises make to balance market viability and social mission within the eco and responsible tourism context, focusing on how these trade-offs intersect and impact organisational strategies. METHODS: The research adopts a thematic analysis of data collected from nine social enterprise organisations who partook in semi-structured interviews. RESULTS: Two intersecting axes of trade-offs are presented: how beneficiaries are included in the development of market outputs, and the second on how its social value is dispersed. CONCLUSION: A framework is developed to enable self-reflection and evaluation of the trade-offs and risks involved to social mission and market viability.

  • Pro-Poor Tourism as a Mechanism of Social Innovation and Empowerment

    Appears in:
    ttti 25(1):

    Authors:
    Phuong Bui L. A., Richard Hazenberg, Linh Tran Thi My

    Published:
    11th Apr 2025

    Abstract:
    Pro-poor Tourism is a concept that emerged in the early 2000’s as a means of fostering the development of sustainable tourism and as a means of ensuring the benefits of this were felt by local populations. Whilst the efficacy of pro-poor tourism and the impact that it makes for communities has been questioned over the last two decades, with research focus on how its impacts on communities and how it is operationalised, there has been less of a focus on the underpinnings of what pro-poor tourism is (or should be) from a theoretical perspective. In particular, there remains a lack of understanding as to what constitutes pro-poor tourism from a sociological perspective. In this review paper, the concept of social innovation is used to theoretically explain the mechanisms for successful implementation of pro-poor tourism initiatives, as a means of empowerment. The paper illustrates how pro-poor tourism can act as a means for empowering the poor and achieving sustainable development agendas, by utilising ‘strong tradition’ social innovation approaches in order to enable social action that can refigure societal power structures.

  • The role of metaverse in training and educational context: Potentialities, use-cases, and research directions

    Appears in:
    ttti 25(1):

    Authors:
    Tinh T. Bui, Antonino Masaracchia

    Published:
    11th Apr 2025

    Abstract:
    The rapid rise of smart devices and advancements in mobile computing, machine learning, and artificial intelligence have set the stage for the metaverse—a shared, immersive virtual world where people can interact through dynamic digital environments and avatars. This innovation is poised to transform various sectors, with education standing out as a key area of impact. In education, the metaverse promises to revolutionize learning by enabling students and instructors to engage in immersive virtual environments. Students can explore historical events, conduct experiments in virtual labs, or develop real-world skills in risk-free simulations. Educators can deliver adaptive and interactive lessons tailored to individual needs, creating more engaging and effective experiences. However, realizing the metaverse’s potential requires overcoming significant challenges, such as improving technology scalability, ensuring seamless user experiences, and addressing data privacy concerns. This paper examines the metaverse’s potential in education, highlights enabling technologies, and outlines key research directions to overcome current barriers.

  • Understanding Visitor Perceptions and Attitudes Towards UNESCO WHS Designation: A Case Study of Hoi An City

    Appears in:
    ttti 25(1):

    Authors:
    Phuong Bui

    Published:
    11th Apr 2025

    Abstract:
    UNESCO is dedicated to identifying, protecting, and preserving global heritage. The designation of a site as a World Heritage Site, recognized as a prestigious brand, significantly enhances its appeal, drawing an increasing number of visitors to these locations. The study sought to determine visitors' perceptions and attitudes of World Heritage emblem, in sync with UNESCO's overall objectives. Concentrating on Hoi An, Vietnam, as a case study, unstructured interviews were conducted with over 30 travelers. The interview sampling was non-probability, using the snowball sampling method to examine awareness amongst visitors’ awareness of the Hoi An WHS emblem and designation, with the goal of providing essential insights for both locals and tourists to help preserve the genuine spirit endorsed by UNESCO regulations. The findings revealed that visitors' impressions were more aligned with the World Heritage Site (WHS) designation than with the emblem itself. Only a small percentage of visitors were aware of Hoi An’s WHS status before their visit and were able to recognize the logo and its association with UNESCO. The concept of a World Heritage site evoked numerous positive product attributes, such as "night, street, friendly people," and some negative associations, such as "river, garbage. crowded". This research idea offers valuable insights for professionals and policymakers in their future applications.

  • The night economy: a novel approach to illuminating city tourism in Vietnam

    Appears in:
    ttti 25(1):

    Authors:
    Phuong Bui, Luan Bui-Kim

    Published:
    11th Apr 2025

    Abstract:
    Danang, a famous coastal city in Vietnam, is considered a global, attractive destination and a relatively safe place, with an annually increasing number of tourists. However, there has been a lack of leisure activities at night for visitors, which limits the city from exploiting its full potential to the degree it could. Policymakers have launched the 3-stages of Night-time economy (3-s NTE) development in 2021-2025 to stimulate tourism in Da Nang in the post pandemic period. Research introduced numerous features to assure the Danang 3-s NTE's smooth functioning from policymakers’ perspectives and to understand citizens' viewpoints on how it affects their daily lives. This study applied an inductive qualitative research method through interviews, sentiment analysis, and text data analysis to understand policymakers’ and citizens' positive and negative viewpoints to provide feedback on ensuring the NTE’s smooth operation. Twelve experts and twelve citizens were invited to the discussion and answered several questions related to Night-time economy elements oriented by city leaders. The data gathered were examined and deeply analyzed to explore interviewees’ reactions to the Night-time economy operation. In a post-pandemic world, issues related to fragility, sensitivity, and responsibility are interesting to Danang policymakers and citizens. The study outcomes explore the Da Nang government and citizens in relation to "landscapes" and "security," followed by the themes "development capability", "efficiency", "infrastructure" and "attractiveness". The results will contribute to managerial and practical implications for city leaders in considering how effective the Night-time economy is during the first phase of the operation process.  

  • Impact of 6G Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks on Hard-to-Reach Areas: Tourism, Agriculture, Education, and Indigenous Communities

    Appears in:
    ttti 25(1):

    Authors:
    Octavia Dobre, Antonino Masaracchia, Vishal Sharma, Trung Q. Duong, Tinh T. Bui

    Published:
    11th Apr 2025

    Abstract:
    Due to low population density, difficult terrain, and insufficient infrastructure, the deployment of wireless communication in hard-to-reach areas has long been a challenge in the perspective of leadership corporations, companies, and governments despite the high demand from many local communities. The birth of space-air-ground integrated networks (SAGINs) which are designed to provide ubiquitous, seamless, and high-throughput connectivity is a promising solution to these challenges. In this paper, we investigate the unique difficulties faced by rural and remote areas without wireless communication in the information era. To address these problems, a general architecture of SAGINs is described with the aim to apply in these regions, following the unprecedented benefits in four key sectors including tourism, agriculture, education, and indigenous communities. Although SAGINs have been proposed recently, they are still in their fancy with a focus on the application in remote areas. Therefore, important open research topics are crucial to be investigated at the beginning of the design process to ensure that their full potential is leveraged to enhance the well-being of local populations and create sustainable development.

  • The Role of Machine Learning in Smart Education: Taxonomy, Challenges, and Use Cases

    Appears in:
    ttti 24(1):

    Authors:
    M. Fahim , Premisha Premananthan

    Published:
    23rd Sep 2024

    Abstract:
    Education is a powerful domain of any country where the changes happened in this domain will reflect all other domains as well. The technical advancement should start with education domain or else there is no strength to that particular advancement. After COVID-19 cause severe upheaval to almost all the industries. In education, the adaptation were significantly impact the development of smart education. Even the developing countries were in the position to adapt the technological advancement through this pandemic. Machine learning plays pivotal role in the technological improvement. The intrusion of smart education fosters an abundance of electronic data and solutions. Machine learning techniques are used to implement models to analyse these larger datasets. In recent years, there have been plenty of studies which address the changes in education and model solutions using various machine learning techniques, such as Supervised, Unsupervised, Semi-supervised, Deep learning and Reinforcement learning techniques. This paper provides an overview, challenges and future directions of research on machine learning techniques applied in education with different levels.

  • Machine Learning Applications in Smart Tourism: Overview, Research Challenges, and the Road Ahead

    Appears in:
    ttti 24(1):

    Authors:
    Trung Q. Duong, Minh-Hien T. Nguyen, Hang Le, Premisha Premananthan, M. Fahim

    Published:
    1st Aug 2024

    Abstract:
    Tourism plays a vital role in stimulating economic growth, creating employment opportunities and facilitating cultural exchange and mutual understanding between people of different backgrounds. However, as an industry facing increasing competition on a global scale, tourism needs to embrace technologies to adapt quickly to changes. The emergence of smart tourism offers a route to achieve a competitive edge. To this end, machine learning techniques are used to analyze the abundant data available, forecast trends and and provide best solutions. This paper provides an overview, challenges and future directions of research on machine learning techniques applied in smart tourism.

  • Machine Learning Applications in Smart Tourism: Overview, Research Challenges, and the Road Ahead

    Appears in:
    ttti 24(1):

    Authors:
    Trung Q. Duong, Minh-Hien T. Nguyen, Hang Le, Premisha Premananthan, M. Fahim

    Downloads:
    24

    Abstract:
    Tourism plays a vital role in stimulating economic growth, creating employment opportunities and facilitating cultural exchange and mutual understanding between people of different backgrounds. However, as an industry facing increasing competition on a global scale, tourism needs to embrace technologies to adapt quickly to changes. The emergence of smart tourism offers a route to achieve a competitive edge. To this end, machine learning techniques are used to analyze the abundant data available, forecast trends and and provide best solutions. This paper provides an overview, challenges and future directions of research on machine learning techniques applied in smart tourism.

  • Pro-Poor Tourism as a Mechanism of Social Innovation and Empowerment

    Appears in:
    ttti 25(1):

    Authors:
    Phuong Bui L. A., Richard Hazenberg, Linh Tran Thi My

    Downloads:
    23

    Abstract:
    Pro-poor Tourism is a concept that emerged in the early 2000’s as a means of fostering the development of sustainable tourism and as a means of ensuring the benefits of this were felt by local populations. Whilst the efficacy of pro-poor tourism and the impact that it makes for communities has been questioned over the last two decades, with research focus on how its impacts on communities and how it is operationalised, there has been less of a focus on the underpinnings of what pro-poor tourism is (or should be) from a theoretical perspective. In particular, there remains a lack of understanding as to what constitutes pro-poor tourism from a sociological perspective. In this review paper, the concept of social innovation is used to theoretically explain the mechanisms for successful implementation of pro-poor tourism initiatives, as a means of empowerment. The paper illustrates how pro-poor tourism can act as a means for empowering the poor and achieving sustainable development agendas, by utilising ‘strong tradition’ social innovation approaches in order to enable social action that can refigure societal power structures.

  • The role of metaverse in training and educational context: Potentialities, use-cases, and research directions

    Appears in:
    ttti 25(1):

    Authors:
    Tinh T. Bui, Antonino Masaracchia

    Downloads:
    23

    Abstract:
    The rapid rise of smart devices and advancements in mobile computing, machine learning, and artificial intelligence have set the stage for the metaverse—a shared, immersive virtual world where people can interact through dynamic digital environments and avatars. This innovation is poised to transform various sectors, with education standing out as a key area of impact. In education, the metaverse promises to revolutionize learning by enabling students and instructors to engage in immersive virtual environments. Students can explore historical events, conduct experiments in virtual labs, or develop real-world skills in risk-free simulations. Educators can deliver adaptive and interactive lessons tailored to individual needs, creating more engaging and effective experiences. However, realizing the metaverse’s potential requires overcoming significant challenges, such as improving technology scalability, ensuring seamless user experiences, and addressing data privacy concerns. This paper examines the metaverse’s potential in education, highlights enabling technologies, and outlines key research directions to overcome current barriers.

  • The night economy: a novel approach to illuminating city tourism in Vietnam

    Appears in:
    ttti 25(1):

    Authors:
    Phuong Bui, Luan Bui-Kim

    Downloads:
    23

    Abstract:
    Danang, a famous coastal city in Vietnam, is considered a global, attractive destination and a relatively safe place, with an annually increasing number of tourists. However, there has been a lack of leisure activities at night for visitors, which limits the city from exploiting its full potential to the degree it could. Policymakers have launched the 3-stages of Night-time economy (3-s NTE) development in 2021-2025 to stimulate tourism in Da Nang in the post pandemic period. Research introduced numerous features to assure the Danang 3-s NTE's smooth functioning from policymakers’ perspectives and to understand citizens' viewpoints on how it affects their daily lives. This study applied an inductive qualitative research method through interviews, sentiment analysis, and text data analysis to understand policymakers’ and citizens' positive and negative viewpoints to provide feedback on ensuring the NTE’s smooth operation. Twelve experts and twelve citizens were invited to the discussion and answered several questions related to Night-time economy elements oriented by city leaders. The data gathered were examined and deeply analyzed to explore interviewees’ reactions to the Night-time economy operation. In a post-pandemic world, issues related to fragility, sensitivity, and responsibility are interesting to Danang policymakers and citizens. The study outcomes explore the Da Nang government and citizens in relation to "landscapes" and "security," followed by the themes "development capability", "efficiency", "infrastructure" and "attractiveness". The results will contribute to managerial and practical implications for city leaders in considering how effective the Night-time economy is during the first phase of the operation process.  

  • Eco and responsible tourism and effective community engagement: Learnings and considerations from the social enterprise sector in Vietnam

    Appears in:
    ttti 25(1):

    Authors:
    Claire Paterson-Young, Michael Maher

    Downloads:
    22

    Abstract:
    INTRODUCTION: In the eco and responsible tourism sector, social enterprises (organisations which fund their social mission through market activities) can meaningfully engage with local communities in their pursuit of social impact. OBJECTIVES: This paper explores the trade-offs social enterprises make to balance market viability and social mission within the eco and responsible tourism context, focusing on how these trade-offs intersect and impact organisational strategies. METHODS: The research adopts a thematic analysis of data collected from nine social enterprise organisations who partook in semi-structured interviews. RESULTS: Two intersecting axes of trade-offs are presented: how beneficiaries are included in the development of market outputs, and the second on how its social value is dispersed. CONCLUSION: A framework is developed to enable self-reflection and evaluation of the trade-offs and risks involved to social mission and market viability.

  • Impact of 6G Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks on Hard-to-Reach Areas: Tourism, Agriculture, Education, and Indigenous Communities

    Appears in:
    ttti 25(1):

    Authors:
    Octavia Dobre, Antonino Masaracchia, Vishal Sharma, Trung Q. Duong, Tinh T. Bui

    Downloads:
    20

    Abstract:
    Due to low population density, difficult terrain, and insufficient infrastructure, the deployment of wireless communication in hard-to-reach areas has long been a challenge in the perspective of leadership corporations, companies, and governments despite the high demand from many local communities. The birth of space-air-ground integrated networks (SAGINs) which are designed to provide ubiquitous, seamless, and high-throughput connectivity is a promising solution to these challenges. In this paper, we investigate the unique difficulties faced by rural and remote areas without wireless communication in the information era. To address these problems, a general architecture of SAGINs is described with the aim to apply in these regions, following the unprecedented benefits in four key sectors including tourism, agriculture, education, and indigenous communities. Although SAGINs have been proposed recently, they are still in their fancy with a focus on the application in remote areas. Therefore, important open research topics are crucial to be investigated at the beginning of the design process to ensure that their full potential is leveraged to enhance the well-being of local populations and create sustainable development.

  • Understanding Visitor Perceptions and Attitudes Towards UNESCO WHS Designation: A Case Study of Hoi An City

    Appears in:
    ttti 25(1):

    Authors:
    Phuong Bui

    Downloads:
    19

    Abstract:
    UNESCO is dedicated to identifying, protecting, and preserving global heritage. The designation of a site as a World Heritage Site, recognized as a prestigious brand, significantly enhances its appeal, drawing an increasing number of visitors to these locations. The study sought to determine visitors' perceptions and attitudes of World Heritage emblem, in sync with UNESCO's overall objectives. Concentrating on Hoi An, Vietnam, as a case study, unstructured interviews were conducted with over 30 travelers. The interview sampling was non-probability, using the snowball sampling method to examine awareness amongst visitors’ awareness of the Hoi An WHS emblem and designation, with the goal of providing essential insights for both locals and tourists to help preserve the genuine spirit endorsed by UNESCO regulations. The findings revealed that visitors' impressions were more aligned with the World Heritage Site (WHS) designation than with the emblem itself. Only a small percentage of visitors were aware of Hoi An’s WHS status before their visit and were able to recognize the logo and its association with UNESCO. The concept of a World Heritage site evoked numerous positive product attributes, such as "night, street, friendly people," and some negative associations, such as "river, garbage. crowded". This research idea offers valuable insights for professionals and policymakers in their future applications.

  • Improving State Management on Sustainable Tourism Accommodation Development in Vietnam: From a Business Perspective

    Appears in:
    ttti 25(1):

    Authors:
    Ha Giang Chu, Nam Vu

    Downloads:
    18

    Abstract:
    This study examines the role of state management in promoting sustainable tourism accommodation development in Vietnam, focusing on balancing economic growth, environmental conservation, and social equity. The objectives are to assess the current state of sustainable tourism accommodation, identify challenges and opportunities in implementing sustainable practices, evaluate the effectiveness of existing government policies, and propose strategic recommendations for enhancing state management. Using quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with stakeholders, the research reveals a growing commitment to sustainability among high-end accommodations but also highlights challenges such as high certification costs, inadequate regulatory frameworks, and limited stakeholder engagement. The findings underscore the critical role of government policies in fostering sustainable practices and recommend strengthening policy frameworks, providing financial incentives, enhancing stakeholder collaboration, and offering training programs to improve the skills and knowledge of tourism professionals. These steps are essential for Vietnam to achieve its sustainability goals and enhance the competitiveness of its tourism sector.

  • The Role of Machine Learning in Smart Education: Taxonomy, Challenges, and Use Cases

    Appears in:
    ttti 24(1):

    Authors:
    M. Fahim , Premisha Premananthan

    Downloads:
    13

    Abstract:
    Education is a powerful domain of any country where the changes happened in this domain will reflect all other domains as well. The technical advancement should start with education domain or else there is no strength to that particular advancement. After COVID-19 cause severe upheaval to almost all the industries. In education, the adaptation were significantly impact the development of smart education. Even the developing countries were in the position to adapt the technological advancement through this pandemic. Machine learning plays pivotal role in the technological improvement. The intrusion of smart education fosters an abundance of electronic data and solutions. Machine learning techniques are used to implement models to analyse these larger datasets. In recent years, there have been plenty of studies which address the changes in education and model solutions using various machine learning techniques, such as Supervised, Unsupervised, Semi-supervised, Deep learning and Reinforcement learning techniques. This paper provides an overview, challenges and future directions of research on machine learning techniques applied in education with different levels.

  • A Hybrid Approach to On-Grid and Off-Grid Solar Energy with Optimum Investment: A Case Study in Vietnam

    Appears in:
    ttti 25(1):

    Authors:
    Tran Minh Tri, Phan Le Tuan Tu, Long D. Nguyen, Nguyen Kim Hoang Nam

    Downloads:
    0

    Abstract:
    Vietnam’s demand for energy has grown significantly due to the country’s economy’s fast development and expansion over the last ten years. The majority of energy in the future will have to come from renewable sources due to the issue of greenhouse gas emissions, which will force a significant transition away from fossil fuels as the primary energy source. In the Power Development Plan VIII with a vision to 2050, Vietnam’s power sector has labored to develop new resources such as solar and wind energies in an effort to build and enhance the nation’s power system. A technical and financial model for the construction of a hybrid grid-connected photovoltaic plant with a battery energy storage system under practical optimization problems is presented in this work. Certain business models link the analysis to hourly irradiation by taking into account the hourly energy demand profile for planned working activities. The suggested hybrid system’s investment, needed power, and capacity are evaluated and optimized using a variety of scenarios. These findings demonstrate the system’s economic viability and technological viability in our suggested approaches.
Publisher
EAI
ISSN
3078-5855
Number of Volumes
2
Last Published
2025-02-04
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