EAI Endorsed Transactions on Future Internet

Temporarily closed open source journal on Future Internet.

Editor(s)-in-Chief: Riadh Dhaou and Lucia Knapcikova

Aims & Scope
Editors in Chief
Editorial Board
Special Issues

This journal will provide a venue for publishing the latest research and developments in the area of Future Internet. Only original and unpublished contributions that are not under simultaneous review at another conference or journal will be considered.

The journal in particular welcomes contributions that deal with the various aspects of computing and communications that help achieve the goals of the Future Internet. Papers that describe innovative applications and test-beds that will help in achieving the vision of the Future Internet, and tools that enable development of novel networking applications are also welcome.

Special Issue Editors: Erdil D. Cenk (Sacred Heart University)

Anupam Joshi (University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, USA)
Giovanni Stea (University of Pisa)
Palanivel Kodeswaran (IBM India Research Lab, Bangalore, India)
Salil Kanhere (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia)
Surendar Chandra (Datrium, Sunnyvale, USA)
Syed Ahmed Hassan (Kyungpook National University, South Korea)
Wenye Wang (North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA)
Yunhao Liu (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China)

Riadh Dhaou¹

Dr. Riadh DHAOU, is an Associate Professor at the Toulouse INP (Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse). He is attached to the Computer Science and Telecommunication department of the ENSEEIHT and is a member, since 2003, of the RMESS team of the IRIT (Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse) Laboratory. He received the Engineering degree in Computer Science from the ENSI (University of Tunis II) in 1997, and the Master Degree in Computer Systems from the University Pierre and Marie Curie in Paris (Paris VI), in 1998. He was awarded, respectively, a Ph.D. degree in Computer Systems, Telecommunication and Electronic by the University of Paris VI (in November 2002) and the HDR (Habilitation) by the Toulouse INP (in November 2017). His research interests include statistical characterization and modelling of mobility, mobile and space communications, modelling and optimization of cross-layer schemes, performance analysis of wireless networks, autonomous multi-hop/cooperative communications systems, capacity and outage analysis of multi-user heterogeneous wireless systems, resource allocation, design and performance evaluation of wireless sensor networks and energy consumption optimization. Since 2003, he is principal investigator with the cooperative laboratory TéSA, a non-profit association, leading research studies and PhDs in Telecommunications for Space and Aeronautics. Since November 2017, he is the leader of the satellite theme within the RMESS team. He has supervised 14 Ph. D. Theses (9 were defended) and 5 master-degree theses. He has published more than 81 papers (including 7 journals and 5 book chapters) and his research activity has been funded by more than 35 research grants in satellite and sensor networks (CNES, Thales-Alenia Space, Airbus D&S). He has been technical leader for 7 research grants in satellite networks and participated in several industrial and academic grants. He participated to several European and National projects: - ESA SATNEX IV project -CAPES-COFECUB Project MMAPS (Management, Mobility, Security, Architecture and Protocols for the Future Internet of Things) - ANR Project CAPTEURS - RNRT Project DILAN - ESPRIT Project BISANTE (Broadband Integrated Satellite Network Traffic Evaluation) - RNRT Project CONSTELLATIONS He also participated to the Network of Excellence NoE Euro-NGI, particularly on the evolution of the IP networks. He was involved in the Technical Program Committee of 7 International Conferences. He was General Chair of PSATS'2013 and was member of one Organization Committee of two other International Conferences. He is, since 2013, part of the Editorial Board of WINET (The springer Wireless Networks journal).

Lucia Knapcikova²

Lucia Knapčíková, Lucia Knapčíková is Associate Professor at the Department of Industrial Engineering and Informatics at the Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies, TU Košice. In 2017 she completed her habilitation at the Faculty in the field "Manufacturing Technologies". Assoc. Prof. Dr. Knapčíková is author more than 130 scientific papers in Slovakia and abroad and 6 utility models. She participated in several international research projects, mainly in Germany. Most important project is H2020 with the title ”Less Than Wagon Load”, in collaboration with Belgium, Germany, Netherland, Italy and Slovakia, where she works as project manager and faculty project coordinator. She lectured at the universities in Germany, Czech Republic and Croatia. Her area of interest includes utilization of secondary raw materials, composites, manufacturing technologies and simulation software. She is member of Editorial board of Acta Technología Journal, SAR Journal and she is Editor in chief of EAI Endorsed Transactions of Future Internet.

1: Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse
2: Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies, TU Košice

Recently Published
Most Popular

Reassessing Android Malware Analysis: From Apps to IoT System Modelling
Appears in:
ue 18(10): e3

Authors:
Abraham Rodriguez-Mota, Ponciano Jorge Escamilla-Ambrosio, Eleazar Aguirre-Anaya, Jassim Happa

Published:
16th Jan 2018

Abstract:
Applications based on the Internet of Things (IoT) are increasingly vulnerable to disruption from cyber attacks. Developers and researchers attempt to prevent the growth of such disruption models, mitigate and limit their impact. This requires the understanding and characterization of things and th…Applications based on the Internet of Things (IoT) are increasingly vulnerable to disruption from cyber attacks. Developers and researchers attempt to prevent the growth of such disruption models, mitigate and limit their impact. This requires the understanding and characterization of things and the technologies that
empower the IoT. Futhermore, tools to evaluate, analyze and detect security threats in IoT devices are strongly required. This paper presents a web tool, named GARMDROID, aimed to help IoT software developers and integrators to evaluate IoT security threats based on the visualization of Android application hardware requests. This procedure is based on the static analysis of permissions requested by Android applications. A mapping from the malware analysis data obtained to a SysML block definition diagram is also briefly described. This mapping shows how data can be used to model IoT systems under different proposals such as Model Integrated Mechatronics (MIM) and UML4IoT.
more »
Improving ZooKeeper Atomic Broadcast Performance When a Server Quorum Never Crashes
Appears in:
ue 18(13): e5

Authors:
Ibrahim EL-Sanosi, Paul Ezhilchelvan

Published:
12th Jan 2018

Abstract:
Operating at the core of the highly-available ZooKeeper system is the ZooKeeper atomic broadcast (Zab) for imposing a total order on service requests that seek to modify the replicated system state. Zab is designed with the weakest assumptions possible under crash-recovery fault model; e.g., any nu…Operating at the core of the highly-available ZooKeeper system is the ZooKeeper atomic broadcast (Zab) for imposing a total order on service requests that seek to modify the replicated system state. Zab is designed with the weakest assumptions possible under crash-recovery fault model; e.g., any number - even all - of servers can crash simultaneously and the system will continue or resume its service provisioning when a server quorum remains or resumes to be operative. Our aim is to explore ways of improving Zab performance without modifying its easy-to-implement structure. To this end, we ÿrst assume that server crashes are independent and a server quorum remains operative at all time. Under these restrictive, yet practical, assumptions, we propose three variations of Zab and do performance comparison. ⁄e ÿrst variation o‡ers excellent performance but can be only used for 3-server systems; the other two do not have this limitation. One of them reduces the leader overhead further by conditioning the sending of acknowledgements on the outcomes of coin tosses. Owing to its superb performance, it is re-designed to operate under the least-restricted Zab fault assumptions. Further performance comparisons conÿrm the potential of coin-tossing in o‡ering performances better than Zab, particularly at high workloads.
more »
A Socio-physical and Mobility-Aware Coalition Formation Mechanism in Public Safety Networks
Appears in:
ue 18(13): e4

Authors:
E.E. Tsiropoulou, K. Koukas, S. Papavassiliou

Published:
12th Jan 2018

Abstract:
In this paper, the problem of socio-physical and mobility-aware coalition formation among the trapped users and the first responders in public safety networks is addressed towards guaranteeing users’ connectivity, stability, and energy-efficient communication. Each user is associated with some soci…In this paper, the problem of socio-physical and mobility-aware coalition formation among the trapped users and the first responders in public safety networks is addressed towards guaranteeing users’ connectivity, stability, and energy-efficient communication. Each user is associated with some social, physical and mobility-related characteristics and attributes in a public safety network. Users’ social attributes mainly refer to the communication interests with the neighbors based on their profiles and objectives, while their physical characteristics are the energy availability, the energy consumption rate and the average received signal strength from the neighbors for each user. The profile of each user is completed by a mobility pattern that characterizes the moving behavior of the specific user. Those types of characteristics are considered to constitute a weighted profile for each user, based on which the coalition-head selection and the coalition formation processes are performed in a distributed manner with reduced information exchange among the users. As the time evolves, given users’ mobility, the conditions in the public safety network change dynamically, thus a coalitions’ remedy methodology is introduced. Finally, the performance of the proposed approach is evaluated via modeling and simulation and its superiority compared to other existing approaches in the literature is illustrated.
more »
Approaching decentralized non-repudiation
Appears in:
ue 18(13): e2

Authors:
H. Kamdem Fezeu, T. Djotio, R. Oulad Haj Thami

Published:
12th Jan 2018

Abstract:
Securing data exchanges is a major preoccupation, and several techniques have been developed to reach that aim. The predominant model for such exchange is that which relies on trusted third-parties. Meanwhile, emerging technologies such as IoT are set to broadcast growing amounts of sensitive data,…Securing data exchanges is a major preoccupation, and several techniques have been developed to reach that aim. The predominant model for such exchange is that which relies on trusted third-parties. Meanwhile, emerging technologies such as IoT are set to broadcast growing amounts of sensitive data, thereby making centralized architectures problematic for privacy and performance reasons and making decentralized networks ever more relevant. However, these third-parties play an important role in securing brokered communications and are essential in providing Authentication and Non-Repudiation according to current models, and cannot be used in peer-to-peer networks. Hence there is need for a simple model applicable in fully decentralized networks to provide Non-Repudiation. This document proposes such a model, presents an implementation and discusses its application, particularly in implementing irrefutable trustless transaction mechanisms – similar to blockchain – with limited resources.
more »
A Survey on Secure and Resilient Session Schemes: Technical Comparison and Assessment
Appears in:
ue 18(13): e1

Authors:
Daouda Ahmat, Damien Magoni

Published:
12th Jan 2018

Abstract:
Cyber threats become more and more pervasive on the Internet and on distributed/decentralized systems. In order to secure communication over these infrastructures and respond to mobility constraint, a new class of Virtual Private Networks (VPN), which support both security and mobility, has emerge…Cyber threats become more and more pervasive on the Internet and on distributed/decentralized systems.
In order to secure communication over these infrastructures and respond to mobility constraint, a new class of Virtual Private Networks (VPN), which support both security and mobility, has emerged in the course of last years. Mobile Virtual Private Networks, called mobile VPN, provide not only secure tunnels but also session continuity mechanism despite location change or connection disruptions. This mechanism enables secure sessions to survive in dynamic/mobile environments without requiring a renegotiation of security keys during the session resumption phase. In this paper, on the one hand, we survey the recent literature on the mobile VPN systems followed by a detailed analysis and a technical comparison in tabulated form of existing technologies. On the other hand, we carry out experiments on open source mobile VPN infrastructures. We subsequently outline and discuss major features and performances of various assessed mobile VPN infrastructures.
more »
Evaluation of a Traffic-Aware Smart Highway Lighting System
Appears in:
ue 17(12): e5

Authors:
Ahmad M. Mustafa, Omar M. Abubakr, Ahmed H. Derbala, Essam Ahmed, Bassem Mokhtar

Published:
21st Dec 2017

Abstract:
Highway lighting consumes considerable amounts of energy, yet smart lighting techniques provide significant potential for reducing this consumption. This paper introduces a preliminary algorithm, simulation studies and a small-scale hardware prototype for a smart highway lighting management system …Highway lighting consumes considerable amounts of energy, yet smart lighting techniques provide significant potential for reducing this consumption. This paper introduces a preliminary algorithm, simulation studies and a small-scale hardware prototype for a smart highway lighting management system based on road occupancy. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) detects the presence of vehicles along the road, and controls lighting accordingly. The system is evaluated through two different simulation studies: using a realistic model for vehicles traffic based on cellular automata (Nagel-Shreckenberg model), and using state-of-the-art Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) traffic simulator. Simulations provide estimation for expected energy saving rates at different cases and scenarios. According to simulation results, the proposed system can save up to 57.4% of power consumption compared to conventional lighting systems.
more »
Virtual Small Cell Selection Schemes Based on Sum Rate Analysis in Ultra-Dense Network
Appears in:
ue 17(12): e4

Authors:
Qi Zhang, Jie Zeng, Xin Su, Liping Rong, Xibin Xu

Published:
21st Dec 2017

Abstract:
Ultra-Dense Network (UDN) is regarded as a major development trend in the evolution of future networks, due to its ability to provide larger sum rate to the whole system and meet higher users' Quality of Service (QoS). Different from the existing heterogeneous network, UDN has a smaller cell radius…Ultra-Dense Network (UDN) is regarded as a major development trend in the evolution of future networks, due to its ability to provide larger sum rate to the whole system and meet higher users' Quality of Service (QoS). Different from the existing heterogeneous network, UDN has a smaller cell radius and a new network structure. The core concept of UDN is to deploy the low power Base Stations (BSs), i.e. Virtual Small Cells (VSCs). First, we derive an ergodic sum rate expression. To acquire the maximum ergodic sum rate of all the users, then we adopt the selection mode based on minimum distance. Due to the consideration of the computation complexity of the above VSC selection scheme, we finally propose a novel VSC selection scheme based on pattern search. The simulation results demonstrate the correctness of the
ergodic sum rate expression and show the lower computation complexity of the proposed VSC selection scheme comparing with the above reference scheme.
more »
Implementation of Network Cards Optimizations in Hadoop Cluster Data Transmissions
Appears in:
ue 17(12): e3

Authors:
Okta Nurika, Mohd Fadzil Hassan, Nordin Zakaria

Published:
21st Dec 2017

Abstract:
In this paper, the previously invented new methods of network card optimization are applied in a Hadoop cluster, where data transfers occur from the Master to the slave node. The slave node's network card setting is optimized subjective to the characteristics of the incoming data transmissions, whi…In this paper, the previously invented new methods of network card optimization are applied in a Hadoop cluster, where data transfers occur from the Master to the slave node. The slave node's network card setting is optimized subjective to the characteristics of the incoming data transmissions, which are indicated by the overall transmission size and packet size. The throughput comparisons between the optimized network card settings and the default setting conclude that the optimized versions always generate higher throughputs. Synchronously, the optimized settings also minimize CPU cycles utilization as they deploy timer-based polling (passive wait mode), in order to process the received data packets. This novel practice within Hadoop cluster may be replicated by other data cluster vendors, thus improving their data transfer's throughput and efficiency.
more »
High availability of charging and Billing In Vehicular ad hoc Network
Appears in:
ue 17(12): e2

Authors:
Mohamed Darqaoui, Slimane Bah, Marouane Sebgui

Published:
21st Dec 2017

Abstract:
VANET (Vehicular Ad Hoc Network) is actually an important field for the development of a variety of services. In VANET charging and billing of services could not be enabled in the same way as in classical mobile and fix networks and MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Network) because of the characteristics of su…VANET (Vehicular Ad Hoc Network) is actually an important field for the development of a variety of services. In VANET charging and billing of services could not be enabled in the same way as in classical mobile and fix networks and MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Network) because of the characteristics of such network namely the high speed of nodes, frequent disconnection between nodes, rapidly changing topology and the large size of the network. The purpose of this work is to propose a flexible high level charging and billing scheme to allow a high availability of the charging and billing process in VANET.
more »
MobiLab: A Testbed for Evaluating Mobility Management Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks
Appears in:
ue 17(12): e1

Authors:
Jianjun Wen, Zeeshan Ansar, Waltenegus Dargie

Published:
21st Dec 2017

Abstract:
Wireless sensor networks that support the mobility of nodes are finding applications in different areas such as healthcare, elderly care, and rehabilitation from total knee and hip replacement. However, these application areas also require reliable and high throughput networks. Considering the hi…Wireless sensor networks that support the mobility of nodes are finding applications in different areas such as
healthcare, elderly care, and rehabilitation from total knee and hip replacement. However, these application
areas also require reliable and high throughput networks. Considering the high fluctuation of link quality
during mobility, protocols supporting mobile wireless sensor nodes should be rigorously tested to ensure that
they produce predictable outcomes. In this paper we present a wireless sensor network testbed for carrying
out repeated and reproducible experiments, independent of the application or protocol types which should be tested. The testbed consists of, among others, a server side control station and a client side traffic flow controller which coordinate inter- and intra-experiment activities. We fully implemented the testbed for the TinyOS and TelosB platforms. We employed Diddyborg robots for emulating different types of movement in indoor and outdoor environments. The paper includes also an extensive evaluation of the testbed and the performance of two mobility-aware MAC protocols.
more »

Comparative study of LTE simulations with the ns-3 and the Vienna simulators
Appears in:
ue 16(9): e1

Authors:
Thiago Abreu, Bruno Baynat, Marouen Gachaoui, Tania Jimenez, Narcisse Nya

Downloads:
3187

Abstract:
In this paper we compare two simulators: ns-3 and Vienna, in the context of LTE networks, on four basic scenarios for which well-known analytical results exist. These scenarios differentiate themselves by the nature of the trafficc (data or voice) and by the number of sources (infinite or fin…In this paper we compare two simulators: ns-3 and Vienna,
in the context of LTE networks, on four basic scenarios for
which well-known analytical results exist. These scenarios
differentiate themselves by the nature of the trafficc (data or
voice) and by the number of sources (infinite or finite). Our goal is twofold. First, by confronting the results of the two
simulators with exact results, we can assess the accuracy of
both simulators and compare their efficiency. Second, and
maybe more importantly, we want to compare the ease of
handling and use of both simulators, and list the difficulties
encountered in the context of the four basic scenarios, that
will necessarily arise in more realistic simulated scenarios,
and explain how we worked around the problems. We hope
this comparison will help researchers who work on LTE net-
works to choose the simulator that best suits their needs.
more »
An Efficient Elephant Flow Detection with Cost-Sensitive in SDN
Appears in:
ue 15(7): e3

Authors:
Peng Xiao, Wenyu Qu, Heng Qi, Yujie Xu, Zhiyang Li

Downloads:
2738

Abstract:
The software defined networking (SDN) allows separating control and data plane, which provides better network management and higher utilization for data center network. Among these topical applications in SDN, such as traffic engineering, QoS and network management, there is significant interest on…The software defined networking (SDN) allows separating control and data plane, which provides better network management and higher utilization for data center network. Among these topical applications in SDN, such as traffic engineering, QoS and network management, there is significant interest on classifying the flows and predict future traffic. Classification plays an important role in SDN, especially for elephant flow detection. However, how to efficiently detect all kinds of flows with low cost still remains a challenge task in current researches. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose to introduce cost-sensitive learning method to define a real-time elephant flow detection strategy and the subsequent metric in flow detection. Then we apply our strategy to train and evaluate cost-sensitive decision trees in SDN. Extensive experiments on different settings and data sets have been performed, showing that our strategy is good at detecting elephant flow with high detection rates and low overhead.
more »
Comparison of Measurements and Simulation Model of Indoor Signal Level Variation in LTE Networks
Appears in:
ue 16(9): e2

Authors:
Krzysztof Grochla, Konrad Polys, Michal Gorawski

Downloads:
1777

Abstract:
This paper describes the measurements of the signal level changes in LTE networks in different indoor conditions and compares them with OMNeT++ simulation scenarios. The simulation models are matched with the measurements to have the same average signal level for stationary client. Next the mobilit…This paper describes the measurements of the signal level changes in LTE networks in different indoor conditions and compares them with OMNeT++ simulation scenarios. The simulation models are matched with the measurements to have the same average signal level for stationary client. Next the mobility model is applied in the simulation and compared with the measurements of the user moving within a building. The comparison has been executed for signal level changes for mobile phones and tablets in three indoor usage scenarios: stationary, office and home mobility. The results show that the popular mobility and signal propagation models give a significantly different variance of the changes of signal level compared with the measurements and are not correctly representing the variance caused by indoor fading.
more »
On massive MIMO and its applications to machine type communications and FBMC-based networks
Appears in:
ue 15(5): e3

Authors:
João Paulo Miranda, Arman Farhang, Nicola Marchetti, Felipe A. P. de Figueiredo, Fabbryccio A. C. M. Cardoso, Fabrício Figueiredo

Downloads:
1698

Abstract:
We identify issues and solutions in the key area of Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO). We illustrate the role this technology will play in 5G communications through two study cases. In the first study case, we propose a Massive Multiuser (MU)-MIMO setup to tackle the mixed-service commu…We identify issues and solutions in the key area of Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO). We illustrate the role this technology will play in 5G communications through two study cases. In the first study case, we propose a Massive Multiuser (MU)-MIMO setup to tackle the mixed-service communication problem. Our results suggest that, as the array size at the base station progressively increases, the performance of sub-optimal linear filtering approaches the perfect interference-cancellation bound. Our second study case looks at the intersection of Massive MIMO and waveform design. We introduce the self-equalization property of Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC)-based Massive MIMO networks, and show it can reduce the number of subcarriers required by the system. It is also shown that the blind channel tracking property of FBMC can decontaminate pilots. These findings shed light into and motivate for two exciting research lines towards a better understanding of Massive MIMO systems.
more »
Mobeacon: An iBeacon-Assisted Smartphone-Based Real Time Activity Recognition Framework
Appears in:
ue 15(7): e2

Authors:
Mohammad Arif Ul Alam, Nilavra Pathak, Nirmalya Roy

Downloads:
1685

Abstract:
Human activity recognition using multi-modal sensing technologies to automatically collect and classify daily activities has become an active field of research. Given the proliferation of smart and wearable devices and their greater acceptance in human lives, the need for developing real time ligh…Human activity recognition using multi-modal sensing technologies to automatically collect and classify daily activities has become an active field of research. Given the proliferation of smart and wearable devices and their greater acceptance in human lives, the need for developing real time lightweight activity recognition algorithms become a viable and urgent avenue. Although variants of online and offline lightweight activity recognition algorithms have been developed, realizing them on real time to recognize people's activities is still a challenging research problem due to the computational complexity of building, training, learning and storing activity models in resource constrained smart and wearable devices. To navigate the above challenges, we build Mobeacon: a mobile phone and iBeacon sensor-based smart home activity recognition system. We investigated the viability of extending Bagging Ensemble Learning (BEL) and Packaged Naive Bayes (PNB) classification algorithms for high-level activity recognition on smartphone. We incorporated the semantic knowledge of the testing environment and used that with the built-in adaptive learning models on smartphone to ease the ground truth data annotation. We demonstrated that Mobeacon outperforms existing lightweight activity recognition techniques in terms of accuracy (max. 94%) in a low resource setting and proves itself substantially efficient to reside on smartphones for recognizing ADLs in real time.
more »
Reassessing Android Malware Analysis: From Apps to IoT System Modelling
Appears in:
ue 18(10): e3

Authors:
Abraham Rodriguez-Mota, Ponciano Jorge Escamilla-Ambrosio, Eleazar Aguirre-Anaya, Jassim Happa

Downloads:
1549

Abstract:
Applications based on the Internet of Things (IoT) are increasingly vulnerable to disruption from cyber attacks. Developers and researchers attempt to prevent the growth of such disruption models, mitigate and limit their impact. This requires the understanding and characterization of things and th…Applications based on the Internet of Things (IoT) are increasingly vulnerable to disruption from cyber attacks. Developers and researchers attempt to prevent the growth of such disruption models, mitigate and limit their impact. This requires the understanding and characterization of things and the technologies that
empower the IoT. Futhermore, tools to evaluate, analyze and detect security threats in IoT devices are strongly required. This paper presents a web tool, named GARMDROID, aimed to help IoT software developers and integrators to evaluate IoT security threats based on the visualization of Android application hardware requests. This procedure is based on the static analysis of permissions requested by Android applications. A mapping from the malware analysis data obtained to a SysML block definition diagram is also briefly described. This mapping shows how data can be used to model IoT systems under different proposals such as Model Integrated Mechatronics (MIM) and UML4IoT.
more »
PCT and IOT in LTE Networks: A Study on Test Cases and Test Results
Appears in:
ue 15(6): e3

Authors:
Ying-Dar Lin, Li-Ping Tung, Yun-Hao Liang, Chia-Yu Ku

Downloads:
1510

Abstract:
In order to produce communication devices compliant with the LTE standard, a terminal manufacturer must perform a series of tests before mass production. This work analyzes the test cases and results of LTE Protocol Conformance Test (PCT) and Interoperability Test (IOT) for the user equipment (UE).…In order to produce communication devices compliant with the LTE standard, a terminal manufacturer must perform a series of tests before mass production. This work analyzes the test cases and results of LTE Protocol Conformance Test (PCT) and Interoperability Test (IOT) for the user equipment (UE). We conduct 175 PCT test cases from the 3GPP specifications and the results show a PCT pass ratio of about 80%. IOT consists of 9 test cases selected by the manufacturers based on an agreed set of important test cases; only a few Devices under Test (DUTs) fail the IOT. Further analysis reveals that there exists a many-to-many mapping between PCT cases and IOT cases: a total of 42 PCT cases, i.e., 24% of PCT, map to all 9 IOT cases, and a PCT case might also map to several IOT cases. On average, every IOT case maps to 13 different PCT cases. The PCT cases that do not have mapped counterparts in IOT are mostly Layer 2 test cases. This is because most of the IOT test flows use Layer 3 parameters to determine passing or not without changing the default Layer 2 parameters. Passing IOT does not warrant passing PCT since PCT has requirements that are more rigid.
more »
A Socio-physical and Mobility-Aware Coalition Formation Mechanism in Public Safety Networks
Appears in:
ue 18(13): e4

Authors:
E.E. Tsiropoulou, K. Koukas, S. Papavassiliou

Downloads:
1467

Abstract:
In this paper, the problem of socio-physical and mobility-aware coalition formation among the trapped users and the first responders in public safety networks is addressed towards guaranteeing users’ connectivity, stability, and energy-efficient communication. Each user is associated with some soci…In this paper, the problem of socio-physical and mobility-aware coalition formation among the trapped users and the first responders in public safety networks is addressed towards guaranteeing users’ connectivity, stability, and energy-efficient communication. Each user is associated with some social, physical and mobility-related characteristics and attributes in a public safety network. Users’ social attributes mainly refer to the communication interests with the neighbors based on their profiles and objectives, while their physical characteristics are the energy availability, the energy consumption rate and the average received signal strength from the neighbors for each user. The profile of each user is completed by a mobility pattern that characterizes the moving behavior of the specific user. Those types of characteristics are considered to constitute a weighted profile for each user, based on which the coalition-head selection and the coalition formation processes are performed in a distributed manner with reduced information exchange among the users. As the time evolves, given users’ mobility, the conditions in the public safety network change dynamically, thus a coalitions’ remedy methodology is introduced. Finally, the performance of the proposed approach is evaluated via modeling and simulation and its superiority compared to other existing approaches in the literature is illustrated.
more »
A Survey on Secure and Resilient Session Schemes: Technical Comparison and Assessment
Appears in:
ue 18(13): e1

Authors:
Daouda Ahmat, Damien Magoni

Downloads:
1412

Abstract:
Cyber threats become more and more pervasive on the Internet and on distributed/decentralized systems. In order to secure communication over these infrastructures and respond to mobility constraint, a new class of Virtual Private Networks (VPN), which support both security and mobility, has emerge…Cyber threats become more and more pervasive on the Internet and on distributed/decentralized systems.
In order to secure communication over these infrastructures and respond to mobility constraint, a new class of Virtual Private Networks (VPN), which support both security and mobility, has emerged in the course of last years. Mobile Virtual Private Networks, called mobile VPN, provide not only secure tunnels but also session continuity mechanism despite location change or connection disruptions. This mechanism enables secure sessions to survive in dynamic/mobile environments without requiring a renegotiation of security keys during the session resumption phase. In this paper, on the one hand, we survey the recent literature on the mobile VPN systems followed by a detailed analysis and a technical comparison in tabulated form of existing technologies. On the other hand, we carry out experiments on open source mobile VPN infrastructures. We subsequently outline and discuss major features and performances of various assessed mobile VPN infrastructures.
more »
Characterization of Human Skin Using THz Time Domain Spectroscopy for In-Body Nanonetworks
Appears in:
ue 16(9): e5

Authors:
Nishtha Chopra, Ke Yang, Qammer Abbasi, Khalid Qaraqe, Mike Philpott, Akram Alomainy

Downloads:
1403

Abstract:
In this paper, the intrinsic material properties of human skin via THz Time Domain Spectroscopy has been investigated in a working frequency range from 0.1-1.5 THz. These measured material parameters are utilized to characterize the channel in nano-networks. The sample for spectroscopic study is t…In this paper, the intrinsic material properties of human skin via THz Time Domain Spectroscopy has been investigated in a working frequency range from 0.1-1.5 THz. These measured material parameters are utilized to characterize the channel in nano-networks. The sample for spectroscopic study is the real human skin and repeated measurements have provided consistent refractive index and absorption coefficient results. The refractive index in the working frequency range is 1.5, while abortion coefficient is 56 cm-1 at 1 THz.
more »

Publisher: EAI
ISSN: 2032-9377
Number of Volumes: 4

Last Published: 2018-01-12

EAI Endorsed Transactions on Future Internet

Temporarily closed open source journal on Future Internet.

Riadh Dhaou1

Lucia Knapcikova2

Riadh Dhaou¹

Lucia Knapcikova²