Implementation and Consequences for the Indonesian Nation After the Ratification of the Kyoto Protocol

Climate change is a global phenomenon caused by human activities in the use of fossil fuel energy as well as land-use and forestry activities. These activities are the main source of Greenhouse Gases, especially carbon dioxide, the largest contribution of which comes from industrialized countries. This gas has the ability to absorb heat that comes from solar radiation emitted back by the earth. The aim of the Kyoto Protocol is to stabilize the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at a level that does not harm the Earth's climate system. The concentration level of greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere is achieved in such a time as to allow ecosystems to adapt to climate change naturally, to ensure food production and enable economic development to be carried out in a sustainable manner. Indonesia as one of the countries that also ratified the Protocol, of course, has consequences for implementing it into its national law. Developing countries are not required to reduce emissions but can do so voluntarily and are asked to implement cleaner and more climate friendly sustainable development. For this reason, developed countries are required to facilitate technology transfer and provide funds for climatefriendly sustainable development programs. Indonesia is in a very vulnerable position to the impacts of climate change on the environment and the life of the Indonesian people.