Research Article
Numerical Study of An NPZOC Model: Integrator Performance, Bloom Dynamics, and Stability Transitions
@INPROCEEDINGS{10.4108/eai.6-11-2025.2364516, author={Nur R. Azzahra and La Zakaria and Agus Sutrisno and Netti Herawati and Sandhita A. Khansa and Dorrah Azis}, title={Numerical Study of An NPZOC Model: Integrator Performance, Bloom Dynamics, and Stability Transitions}, proceedings={Proceedings of the 4th Sriwijaya International Conference on Basic and Applied Sciences, SICBAS 2025, 6 November 2025, Palembang, Indonesia}, publisher={EAI}, proceedings_a={SICBAS}, year={2026}, month={8}, keywords={NPZOC model numerical integrator qualitative properties explicit Runge-Kutta methods symplectic Yoshida integrator}, doi={10.4108/eai.6-11-2025.2364516} }- Nur R. Azzahra
La Zakaria
Agus Sutrisno
Netti Herawati
Sandhita A. Khansa
Dorrah Azis
Year: 2026
Numerical Study of An NPZOC Model: Integrator Performance, Bloom Dynamics, and Stability Transitions
SICBAS
EAI
DOI: 10.4108/eai.6-11-2025.2364516
Abstract
This study introduces the nutrient–phytoplankton–zooplankton–oxygen–carbon (NPZOC) model, an extended formulation of the classical NPZO system, to provide a more comprehensive representation of biogeochemical interactions in aquatic ecosystems. Unlike previous studies, the NPZOC model explicitly incorporates carbon dynamics, offering new insights into coupled nutrient–oxygen–carbon processes. The novelty of this work lies in the derivation of explicit stationary (equilibrium) points, which have not been reported before, and in the development of numerical algorithms using fourth-order Runge–Kutta and Yoshida symplectic integrators to simulate system behavior. Using realistic parameterization and initial conditions, we analyze system stability and reveal complex dynamic patterns of the NPZOC model. These results not only extend the theoretical understanding of aquatic ecosystem models but also provide practical tools for investigating carbon–oxygen interactions in marine and freshwater environments.
