“VOC Parenting” (Authoritarian Parenting) associated with the Formation of Children's Character from an Islamic Perspective

The current phenomenon highlights an ongoing debate regarding the most effective parenting style in shaping children’s character. Modern parenting, which emphasizes emotional comfort, is often considered less effective as it may lead children to lack discipline and awareness of rules. In response, a stricter style known as “VOC Parenting” has re-emerged. Some parents believe authoritarian approaches are necessary to foster resilience, while others argue that coercive or harsh methods are inconsistent with Islamic teachings. The research gap lies in the limited studies exploring the relationship between authoritarian parenting (VOC parenting) and character development from an Islamic perspective. This study aims to examine VOC Parenting using a Systematic Literature Review of both national and international journals. The novelty of this research is its contribution in revealing the connection between authoritarian parenting and children’s character formation through the lens of Islam, offering new insights for parents and educators.