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bebi 21(2): e4

Research Article

Robust Heatmap Template Generation for COVID-19 Biomarker Detection

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  • @ARTICLE{10.4108/eai.24-2-2021.168729,
        author={Mirtha Lucas and Miguel Lerma and Jacob Furst and Daniela Raicu},
        title={Robust Heatmap Template Generation for COVID-19 Biomarker Detection},
        journal={EAI Endorsed Transactions on Bioengineering and Bioinformatics},
        volume={1},
        number={2},
        publisher={EAI},
        journal_a={BEBI},
        year={2021},
        month={2},
        keywords={Neural Networks, Biomarkers, Covid-19, Heatmaps},
        doi={10.4108/eai.24-2-2021.168729}
    }
    
  • Mirtha Lucas
    Miguel Lerma
    Jacob Furst
    Daniela Raicu
    Year: 2021
    Robust Heatmap Template Generation for COVID-19 Biomarker Detection
    BEBI
    EAI
    DOI: 10.4108/eai.24-2-2021.168729
Mirtha Lucas1,*, Miguel Lerma2, Jacob Furst1, Daniela Raicu1
  • 1: College of Computing and Digital Media, DePaul University, Chicago, United States
  • 2: Department of Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States
*Contact email: mlucas3@depaul.com

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Detecting and identifying patterns in chest X-ray images of Covid-19 patients are important tasks for understanding the disease and for making differential diagnosis.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this work is to develop a technique for detecting biomarkers of four possible conditions in chest X-rays, and study the patterns arising from the location of biomarkers.

METHODS: We use transfer learning applied to a pretrained VGG19 neural network to build a model capable of detecting the four conditions in chest X-rays. For biomarkers detection we use Grad-CAM. Patterns in the biomarkers are found by using classical eigenfaces approach.

RESULTS: The discovered patterns are consistent across images from a given class of disease, and they are robust with respect to changes in dataset.

CONCLUSION: The identified patterns can serve as biomarkers for a given disease in chest X-ray images, and constitute explanations of how the deep learning model makes classification decisions.

Keywords
Neural Networks, Biomarkers, Covid-19, Heatmaps
Received
2020-12-16
Accepted
2021-02-21
Published
2021-02-24
Publisher
EAI
http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.24-2-2021.168729

Copyright © 2021 Mirtha Lucas et al., licensed to EAI. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unlimited use, distribution and reproduction in any medium so long as the original work is properly cited.

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