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Research Article

A Comparative Review of Air Quality in India’s Most Populated Capitals: Analyzing AQI Based on Environmental pollutants PM2.5, Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), and Ozone (O3)

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  • @ARTICLE{10.4108/eetsmre.7667,
        author={Jaspreet Kaur},
        title={A Comparative Review of Air Quality in India’s Most Populated Capitals: Analyzing AQI Based on Environmental pollutants PM2.5, Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), and Ozone (O3)},
        journal={EAI Endorsed Transactions on Sustainable Manufacturing and Renewable Energy},
        volume={1},
        number={1},
        publisher={EAI},
        journal_a={SUMARE},
        year={2025},
        month={4},
        keywords={Environmental Impacts, Pollution Parameters, Health Impact Assessment, pollution Mitigation, Urban Air Pollution, Air Quality Index (AQI)},
        doi={10.4108/eetsmre.7667}
    }
    
  • Jaspreet Kaur
    Year: 2025
    A Comparative Review of Air Quality in India’s Most Populated Capitals: Analyzing AQI Based on Environmental pollutants PM2.5, Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), and Ozone (O3)
    SUMARE
    EAI
    DOI: 10.4108/eetsmre.7667
Jaspreet Kaur1,*
  • 1: St. Xaviers High School
*Contact email: jaspreet25913@gmail.com

Abstract

Air pollution in India has become a significant environmental and public health issue, particularly in densely populated urban centers. This paper reviews and compares the Air Quality Index (AQI) in five of India's most populous and polluted capital cities—New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, and Bengaluru—focusing on key pollutants: Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10), Carbon Monoxide (CO), and Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂). Data for this review were sourced from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), WHO reports, and city-level environmental monitoring agencies. (1) Each city's AQI trends are analyzed to highlight the major contributors to air pollution, such as vehicular emissions, industrial activities, and seasonal factors like stubble burning and weather patterns. New Delhi consistently ranks as the most polluted city with hazardous PM2.5 and PM10 levels, while other cities like Mumbai and Chennai, though polluted, exhibit lower AQI levels due to geographical and climatic conditions. This review also examines the health risks posed by prolonged exposure to these pollutants and evaluates current mitigation efforts by the government. The study emphasizes the need for more stringent policies, sustainable urban planning, and public awareness campaigns to reduce air pollution in these urban areas. Further research is recommended to assess the long-term impact of current policy measures and explore alternative solutions for improving urban air quality.

Keywords
Environmental Impacts, Pollution Parameters, Health Impact Assessment, pollution Mitigation, Urban Air Pollution, Air Quality Index (AQI)
Received
2025-04-11
Accepted
2025-04-11
Published
2025-04-11
Publisher
EAI
http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eetsmre.7667

Copyright © 2024 J. Kaur, licensed to EAI. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0, which permits copying, redistributing, remixing, transformation, and building upon the material in any medium so long as the original work is properly cited.

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