An Ontological Review of Instructional Media within the Context of Dale's Cone of Experience

Learning involves various factors, including educators, learners, materials, and learning media. One significant factor that can influence the effectiveness of learning is learning media. Dale's Cone of Experience theory provides a relevant framework for selecting appropriate learning media, categorizing learning experiences into seven levels ranging from the most concrete to the most abstract. Through a literature review, this research attempts to elucidate the ontological understanding of instructional media within the context of Dale's Cone of Experience. The ontology of Instructional media provides a systematic and structural conceptual foundation for various types of media used in learning. An educator who understands the ontology of instructional media can intelligently select and integrate media according to the desired level of learning complexity, which aligns with the principles of Dale's Cone of Experience. This ontological understanding has broad impacts, including providing a robust conceptual foundation, supporting innovation, and enhancing overall learning effectiveness. Therefore, educators need to develop a profound understanding of the ontology of instructional media to improve the quality of learning and learners' experiences.