Energy-Efficient and Lossless Routing Scheme for Fire Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks

A fire detection system is one of the primary needs in forests, commercial and residential buildings. Fire detection is done using either wire-based systems or Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In general, the Wireless Sensor Networks are preferred as they are faster and more accurate than the wire based fire detection systems. In Wireless Sensor Networks the fire detection can be done using various routing systems like the Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN), Wireless Metal Insulator Transition (MIT) network etc. We have adopted the Node centric lossless routing scheme which increases the load balance and minimizes the delay of relay data over the sensors to the base station using an Energy-Efficient Multilevel and Distance aware Clustering (EEMDC) for Wireless Sensor Networks. Generally, it is done using Hybrid Energy Efficient Distributive (HEED) protocol and Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocols. It has drawbacks with the energy levels and relaying of data. The proposed technique involves lossless and energy efficient schemes for data transmission. It uses General Self-Organized Tree-based Energy Balance (GSTEB) routing protocol, which can alter the root and renew the routing tree with a bit of delay and with consumption of less energy. Distance-Energy Cluster Structure Algorithm (DECSA) has the ability to reduce the communication complexities. Therefore, a stable and balanced load is achieved than LEACH and HEED protocols.