Research Article
Synergistic NaOH–Ultrasonic Activation of Palm Shell–Derived Carbon for Enhanced Adsorption of Naphthol Yellow Dye
@INPROCEEDINGS{10.4108/eai.6-11-2025.2364451, author={Intan Lestari and Sultan Leofayuda and Diah Riski Gusti and Damris Muhammad}, title={Synergistic NaOH--Ultrasonic Activation of Palm Shell--Derived Carbon for Enhanced Adsorption of Naphthol Yellow Dye}, proceedings={Proceedings of the 4th Sriwijaya International Conference on Basic and Applied Sciences, SICBAS 2025, 6 November 2025, Palembang, Indonesia}, publisher={EAI}, proceedings_a={SICBAS}, year={2026}, month={8}, keywords={Activated carbon palm kernel shell ultrasonication adsorption naphtol}, doi={10.4108/eai.6-11-2025.2364451} }- Intan Lestari
Sultan Leofayuda
Diah Riski Gusti
Damris Muhammad
Year: 2026
Synergistic NaOH–Ultrasonic Activation of Palm Shell–Derived Carbon for Enhanced Adsorption of Naphthol Yellow Dye
SICBAS
EAI
DOI: 10.4108/eai.6-11-2025.2364451
Abstract
Liquid waste of synthetic dyes from textile and batik industries contains dyes such as naphthol which are difficult to degrade naturally, are toxic and have the potential to cause negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems. The manufacture of activated palm shell carbon using NaOH and ultrasonication has been carried out for the absorption of naphthol dyes. The study was conducted by activating carbon with 2M NaOH and physical activation through ultrasonication at a frequency of 40 kHz for 30 minutes. Characterization of activated carbon was carried out through proximate analysis to determine the content of water, ash, volatile, and fixed carbon. Analysis with a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) instrument to identify the functional groups of activated carbon, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to see the surface morphology and ImageJ software analysis to see the average pore size distribution. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups –OH, C-O, and aromatic C=C which play a role in the adsorption process, while SEM results showed a carbon surface with more open pores and increased after activation. The adsorption test of naphthol dye solution showed optimum capacity at pH 4 condition with adsorption capacity of 1.957 mg/g, contact time of 30 minutes with Q = 1.990 and naphthol absorption concentration increased to 300 mg/L with Q = 20.590 mg/g.
