Spatial distribution and characteristics of Anopheles larvae breeding places and their relation to larval density in Bulukumba

The World Health Organization estimates that 207 million cases of malaria occurred globally in 2012 had resulted in 627 thousand deaths. Bulukumba District is one of the malaria-endemic areas as case reporting every year. The study aims to determine the spatial distribution and analyse habitat characteristics and a density of Anopheles larvae in Bulukumba Regency. The method of the research was observational studies by ecological survey design. The 103 of breeding places situated in 5 sub-districts of Bulukumba were observed namely physical, biological, and chemical characteristics. Distribution of species was expressed on spatial mapping of GIS. The spatial distribution of Anopheles larvae was at a distance of 0-1000 m from homes of patients that spread in 5 seconds. Physical environmental factors had significant effect on larval density (p=0.045), alongside with water temperature (p=0.017), biological environmental factors as the presence of aquatic plants (p =0.010) and larval predators (p=0,000), and a chemical environmental factor that was pH (p=0.031). Multivariate analysis using linear regression test showed that larval predators were the most influential variable on larval density (p=0,000). In conclusion, physical, biological and chemical characteristics affect the density of Anopheles sp larvae. The environmental management is needed, especially the breeding habitat of Anopheles sp larvae by sowing predatory fish seeds in permanent habitat types.