Analysis of Low-Carbon Electricity Investment Opportunities Based on the Supply Chain

In the context of the electricity market and carbon trading market, considering the uncertainty of carbon trading prices, this study utilizes real options theory to calculate the option value of low-carbon technology investment timing and establishes a decision-making model for the optimal timing of low-carbon investments for a single enterprise. Based on this, a two-tier supply chain model for investing in low-carbon technology by power generation companies and grid companies is constructed. The study employs an option game approach to investigate the optimal investment timing for low-carbon technology in the power supply chain. The influencing factors of the optimal investment timing are analyzed through a case study. The results indicate that government low-carbon subsidy coefficients, carbon trading price volatility, and carbon emission reduction levels impact the threshold for low-carbon technology investment. Power companies should comprehensively consider the influence of various factors and scientifically choose the optimal investment timing. Governments should establish reasonable low-carbon subsidy coefficients to encourage power companies to invest in low-carbon technology, achieving a harmonious development of the economy and the environment.