Research Status of the Influence of Cross Multi axis Printing and Material Properties on the Stepped Effect

Under the background of upgrading of the high-end manufacturing industry to precision and customization, the requirements for surface accuracy of parts in fields such as aerospace, medical devices, and precision instruments continue to rise. However, as an inherent defect in the additive manufacturing process, the step effect not only affects the appearance quality of parts, but also reduces the mechanical properties and assembly accuracy, increases the cost of polishing and other post-processing, and restricts the application of additive manufacturing technology in high-precision scenes. In order to solve the restriction of stepped effect on the surface accuracy of printed parts in additive manufacturing, this paper reviews the research status of influence of multi axis printing and material properties on stepped effect. Firstly, the formation principle and detection method of the step effect are described. Then, the inhibition effect of multi axis printing on the step effect is analyzed from three aspects: equipment configuration, layered path planning, and process parameter regulation. Then, the influence mechanism of material thermophysical, rheological, and solidification properties on the step effect is discussed. Finally, the synergy between multi axis printing and material properties is studied, such as multi axis dynamic adjustment of thermophysical properties of adaptive materials to reduce step defects, matching rheological properties to improve gap filling effect.