Static Var Compensator Modeling with PID Control to Improve Power Factor

The power factor represents the ratio between active power and apparent power, which decreases when reactive power demand increases. Static Var Compensator (SVC) is a device used to compensate reactive power, stabilize load variations, and improve power quality in industrial systems. However, its performance depends on an effective control strategy. This study aims to analyze the effect of SVC on power factor improvement and to implement Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control for regulating the reactive power supplied by the Fixed Capacitor–Thyristor Controlled Reactor (FC-TCR) type SVC. Modeling and simulation were carried out using MATLAB/Simulink with load data from the Adolina PTPN IV Palm Oil Mill. The design of the capacitor and inductor resulted in values of 0.0163 F and 0.000623 H, enabling reactive power variation from 0 to 742,198 VAR. Simulation results show that the PID controller successfully regulates the firing angle of the thyristors in response to load changes, achieving a stable power factor of 0.99 under different operating conditions. The outcomes also demonstrate good agreement between analytical calculations and simulation results, validating the accuracy of the model. Overall, the application of PID control in SVC provides effective reactive power compensation, reduces the generator burden, and improves energy efficiency in industrial electrical systems.