Integrating Tradition and Technology: A PRISMA-Based Synthesis of Pesantren Curriculum Transformation

Traditional Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) in Indonesia confront the dual challenge of integrating digital technologies while preserving their spiritual mission. This systematic literature review—conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines across Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar (2014–2024)—synthesizes findings from 43 peer-reviewed studies to identify optimal curriculum-management strategies in the digital era. Inductive thematic analysis reveals five interrelated dimensions: embedding e-learning platforms and diverse online resources into core instruction; cultivating digital competencies among santri and ustadz; implementing blended-learning models that harmonize traditional bandongan and sorogan methods with virtual modules; reinforcing pesantren values (faith, morality, service, simplicity) within digital curricula; and strengthening IT infrastructure alongside governance and quality-control mechanisms. These coordinated strategies enhance planning transparency, resource allocation, and learner engagement without diluting institutional ethos. We propose a “digital tarbiyah” framework—integrating pedagogical design, stakeholder capacity-building, and robust oversight—to guide policymakers and pesantren leadership. This holistic approach equips pesantren to sustain their distinctive ethos and advance educational excellence amid rapid digital transformation.