Systematic Literature Review of Formative Assessment in Language Learning

As the integration of learning and assessment as a whole develops, formative assessment in learning is attracting increasing attention. Learning experts agree that assessment is part of shaping a learning culture. This content analysis study comprehensively analyses current research on formative assessment in language teaching, highlighting its important role in improving teaching effectiveness and language learning outcomes. Specifically, the study addresses three main aspects, namely the form of formative assessment and feedback and its influence on language learning. The results show that various forms of formative assessment, such as process-based assessment, portfolio assessment, gamification, mobile technology, and collaborative assessment, have proven effective in increasing student engagement, reducing anxiety, and improving language skills. The forms of feedback such as corrective feedback, continuous feedback, peer feedback, self-feedback, and online feedback all support continuous learning and improve students' language skills. This research emphasizes the need to align assessment practices with various educational environments and calls for closer integration between theoretical and practical approaches. In addition, the review provides valuable insights into formative assessment strategies in language learning and offers guidance for educators, policymakers, and stakeholders in language education.