Stakeholder Engagement for Sustainable Tourism Development in Indonesia: A Case Study of Nusa Tenggara Barat Province

Tourism has a strategic role in sustainable development, including supporting cultural conservation and environmental protection, creating peace and security, expanding employment opportunities, and increasing economic growth. An important key in developing sustainable tourism is maximizing stakeholder involvement and collaboration. This research aims to analyze how actor involvement is managed in implementing sustainable tourism development. ANT, or Actor-Network Theory, can offer a helpful framework for comprehending and examining these intricate relationships. To construct networks that influence the creation and application of tourist policies and practices, it is crucial to understand how actors, including governmental organizations, firms engaged in the tourism industry, local communities, and NGOs, connect with one another and with physical objects. The research is descriptive qualitative. Field findings show that the roles of each actor - government, business, society, academics, and mass media - are not fixed but change depending on needs and situations. For example, in some situations, businesses may lead in developing sustainable tourism practices, while in others, government or civil society may play a more prominent role. The flexibility of this role allows for greater collaboration and adaptability, which is critical to achieving sustainable tourism development in Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) Province of Indonesia.