Methods for Detection of Foods, Cosmetics, and Drugs Through A Mitochondrial DNA Analysis (An Overview of the Molecular and the Qur’anic Aspects)

The halalness and originality of foods, cosmetics, and drugs are not only a national issue but also a global one. The community demands for halal foods, cosmetics and drugs are related to the consumer rights to obtain products that are comfortable and safe. The legality of a product is determined from upstream to downstream so that it is produced and ready to use or consume. One method for the detection of product halal analysis is Polymerase Chain Reaction based on mitochondrial Deoxyribonucleic Acid (mt-DNA). Mt-DNA is often used for the analysis of species evolution or species identification because it has a high mutation rate and maternal inheritance in which recombination does not occur so that the lineage can be directly determined. Part of mitochondrial DNA that is used for a specific marker is Cytochrome b. This paper is a review of halal foods, cosmetics, and drugs in Islamic and molecular aspects using several methods such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), PCR-Restricted Fragment Lenght Polymorphisms, Multiplex PCR, and Real-Time PCR. It also explained several factors that influence the level of accuracy of halal products through these methods.