Digital Product Passport for Machine Tools as an Information Core of Sustainable Manufacturing Engineering

INTRODUCTION: The transition toward Industry 5.0, sustainable manufacturing, and the European Digital Product Passport (DPP) concept creates new requirements for machine-building enterprises and engineering education. Modern machine tools are no longer considered isolated manufacturing units but complex cyber-physical systems generating continuous technological, operational, and diagnostic information throughout their lifecycle. In this context, the integration of Digital Product Passports into manufacturing systems becomes a key factor in ensuring traceability, sustainability, adaptability, and efficient lifecycle management. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this paper is to develop a conceptual and practical framework for a Digital Product Passport of machine tools as an integrated information core for sustainable manufacturing engineering, lifecycle-oriented traceability, and technological decision-making within Industry 5.0 environments. METHODS: The study is based on system analysis, lifecycle-oriented engineering approaches, digital manufacturing concepts, and information-flow modeling. A structured mathematical representation of technological information exchange between machine tool modules, technological parameters, monitoring systems, and decision-making units is proposed. The framework integrates CAD/CAM/CAE environments, QR-based identification, sensor data acquisition, cloud-oriented information support, and Alicona-based surface metrology according to ISO 25178. RESULTS: A hierarchical Digital Product Passport architecture for machine tools was developed and experimentally validated using QR-linked engineering information structures and high-resolution surface metrology. The proposed model enables continuous synchronization of geometric, technological, operational, and diagnostic information throughout the machine lifecycle. Alicona InfiniteFocus G5 measurements confirmed the formation of stable microrelief structures suitable for reliable QR-code readability and engineering traceability. The developed framework additionally integrates Digital Twin structures, lifecycle-oriented monitoring, and educational engineering datasets within the Erasmus+ MechDiTS project, supporting Industry 5.0-oriented engineering education. CONCLUSION: The proposed Digital Product Passport framework transforms machine tools into information-centric cyber-physical systems capable of supporting sustainable manufacturing, lifecycle traceability, predictive maintenance, and adaptive technological management. The integration of industrial engineering datasets, Digital Twins, and lifecycle-oriented information environments into engineering education creates new opportunities for preparing specialists capable of operating within data-driven Industry 5.0 manufacturing ecosystems.