Research Article
Comparison of Acoustic Channel Characteristics for Direct and Multipath Models in Shallow and Deep Water
@INPROCEEDINGS{10.1007/978-3-031-48891-7_29, author={Veera Venkata Ramana Kandi and J. Kishore and M. Kaivalya and M. Ravi Sankar and Neelima Matsa and N. V. Phani Sai Kumar and Ch. Venkateswara Rao}, title={Comparison of Acoustic Channel Characteristics for Direct and Multipath Models in Shallow and Deep Water}, proceedings={Cognitive Computing and Cyber Physical Systems. 4th EAI International Conference, IC4S 2023, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India, August 4-6, 2023, Proceedings, Part II}, proceedings_a={IC4S PART 2}, year={2024}, month={1}, keywords={Absorption Attenuation Acoustic Channel Deep water Shallow water Sound Speed Temperature Transmission Loss Salinity}, doi={10.1007/978-3-031-48891-7_29} }- Veera Venkata Ramana Kandi
J. Kishore
M. Kaivalya
M. Ravi Sankar
Neelima Matsa
N. V. Phani Sai Kumar
Ch. Venkateswara Rao
Year: 2024
Comparison of Acoustic Channel Characteristics for Direct and Multipath Models in Shallow and Deep Water
IC4S PART 2
Springer
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-48891-7_29
Abstract
The primary objective of this study is to compare the acoustic channel characteristics between direct and multipath models in shallow and deep-water environments. Moreover, the study delves into the influence of temperature and salinity on sound speed propagation and absorption. These factors are affected by various chemical compositions present in the underwater medium. The assessment of these effects is conducted for both shallow and deep-water scenarios. Lastly, comprehensive scrutiny and comparison of transmission losses have been conducted for both the direct and multipath models. The simulation results clearly demonstrate that the transmission losses in deep water for the multipath model are significantly higher than those in shallow water. This difference can be attributed to the increased pressure and sound reflections experienced in the deep-water environment. Each 1 ℃ decrease in temperature results in a 3.5 m/s increase in acoustic velocity when sound travels from the water's surface to the bottom. In contrast, deep water maintains a constant acoustic velocity of 1545 m/s regardless of changes in salinity. However, in shallow water, there are significant variations in acoustic velocity due to salinity changes. Comparing deep water to shallow water, there is a considerable attenuation reduction of 20 dB in deep water. Specifically, at lower frequencies (0–100 kHz), the transmission losses for direct paths in deep water are almost negligible. In contrast, for multipath transmission, there is an increase of 93%. In shallow water, the transmission loss increases by 66% for direct path models and as much as 97% for multipath models.
