Research Article
Range and Capacity of LoRa 2.4 GHz
@INPROCEEDINGS{10.1007/978-3-031-34776-4_21, author={Reyhane Falanji and Martin Heusse and Andrzej Duda}, title={Range and Capacity of LoRa 2.4 GHz}, proceedings={Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Computing, Networking and Services. 19th EAI International Conference, MobiQuitous 2022, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, November 14-17, 2022, Proceedings}, proceedings_a={MOBIQUITOUS}, year={2023}, month={6}, keywords={LoRa 2.4 GHz LoRaWAN Packet Delivery Ratio Range Capacity Simulations}, doi={10.1007/978-3-031-34776-4_21} }- Reyhane Falanji
Martin Heusse
Andrzej Duda
Year: 2023
Range and Capacity of LoRa 2.4 GHz
MOBIQUITOUS
Springer
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-34776-4_21
Abstract
LoRa 2.4 GHz is a new variant of LoRa networks that uses the 2.4 GHz ISM band, different from the standard 868 MHz LoRa version. The LoRa physical layer takes advantage of a Chirp Spreading Spectrum (CSS) modulation with robust signals for transmission over long distances. While the standard LoRa in the 868 MHz band covers a range of 5–10 km, the actual capacity and range of LoRa 2.4 GHz are still not fully investigated. A shorter range is expected with the higher carrier frequency and an increased bandwidth. However, the wider bandwidth allows for the transmission of larger frames and a shorter airtime.
In this study, we evaluate the coverage range and capacity of LoRa 2.4 GHz through precise simulations, taking into account a path loss model tailored for urban environments and frequencies over 2 GHz. We also take into account the effect of Rician or Rayleigh fading, as well as collisions in low and high load traffic conditions. The results show a maximum range of 1.13 km and capacity around 360 nodes for low traffic and for the case in which each node in the network benefits from a minimum 60% Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR). This range drops to 1 km when the target PDR increases to 90%, accommodating 310 nodes. Under the assumption of Rayleigh fading and for the target PDR of 60% and heavy load, the range attains 557 m with capacity of 880 nodes, and it drops to 265 m for the 90% target PDR.
