Experience of application of network technologies in engineering education

Leading technical universities of Russia and Kazakhstan, preparing engineers in the field of mechatronics, robotics and automation, combined their intellectual and material resources within the International University network project "Synergy". For practical training, FESTO equipment and its virtual counterparts are used primarily. Training of university students participating in the project has been organized, with lectures by leading professors on the Internet. Scientific Internet conferences of young scientists are regularly held. International Association DAAAM International regularly organizes international student practices. A doctoral school is being conducted, at the DAAAM annual symposium, the development of project participants is presented.


Introduction
A transition to a post-industrial society, that is focused on innovative high-performance production, requires new approaches to the training of modern engineers.Herewith new principles of teaching, based on modern information *Email:jbreido@mail.ru technologies and methods of distant education, are introduced.However, the reduction of a level of a direct interaction between a teacher and a student as a basis for not only educational, but also pedagogical process, leads to a diminishing role and status of a teacher. 2 In the tradition of higher education a lecturer has a special part of not only giving knowledge, but also developing personality of a student.Outstanding science and educational schools originated when a mentor was not only an unique specialist, but also a man of marked individuality.Consequently, despite all the attempts to reform higher education, that include introduction of new technologies of education, a teacher remains the key person of a highquality educational process, who transfers knowledge in a process of a personal interaction with a student.Modern network educational technologies became possible, as a rule, because of the development of ways and methods of distant education, which are focused on independent studies and acquisition of "knowledge".Yet "skills" and "abilities", two other important components of the triad, that forms the engineers competence, is difficult to realize through the distance education.It is worth noting, that there are virtual simulators of educational laboratory facilities, though, it is required a direct or distant online contact of a student with the hardware to form a full-fledged engineer.
Another problem of modern engineer training is that modern engineering education becomes more and more narrow and special.Therefore a student, trying to focus on rapidly changing priorities of modern engineering, has no possibility to redirect his professional interests into most promising spheres of knowledge.In other words, a number of specializations of universal engineers is reducing.Exceptions to this rule are such specializations as "Mechatronics and robotics" and "Automation of technological processes and production", and also a related to them specialization "Control in technical systems".

Orientation to modern industrial equipment
An attempt to solve the problem of qualitative training of specialists, based on best traditions of the higher education in combination with modern advanced technologies of teaching, was made by several leading Russian universities, that have specializations in mechatronics, robotics and production processes automation.A collaboration with FESTO contributed to this process.FESTO is an European leader in mechatronic systems elements and automated equipment production.For years of work in Russia and countries of former Soviet Union FESTO company has not only registered its offices for production automation and staff training in many big cities and industrial centers, but also has built industrial enterprises, manufacturing and producing automatics elements to Russian consumers.The introduction and further operation of the FESTO equipment needed to increase qualification and to retrain engineers.Solving this problem, the concern by means of its structural subdivision FESTO-DIDACTIC RF organized a network of retraining and refreshing course canters, and provided them with its unique laboratory facilities.Modularization, that is used in present equipment, allowed to conduct laboratory works for not only analytical study of mechatronical systems, but also for assembling them using elements of automatics that are actually in use.Some of the canters of retraining and refreshing were founded, basing on departments of a number of leading technical universities of Russia and countries of former Soviet Union.These canters in their turn served as the basis for foundation of FESTO university canters, aimed at targeted training of engineers in the spheres of mechatronics, automation of technological processes and production and controls in technical systems within the framework of major educational programmes in the higher education.The network cooperation of the universities reflected also in a sphere of scientific and technical creativity of the youth.University teams participate in different engineering competitions and Olympiads not only as rivals, but also take part as inter-universities teams.An example of this cooperation can be the victory of the united teams of "VOENMEH" and "MPEI" at first All-Russian festival of robotics in 2009.

Development of the project Synergy-Network
One of the most prestigious and perspective international competition is "WorldSkills".In this competition the students of the "Synergy" project participate with an active help of FESO Didactic RF.
In 2010 the first open graduation theses defense of "VOENMEH", "MPEI", OmSTU and KarSTU was held.This event increased a degree of students responsibility while writing the theses and, consequently, increased the quality of the works.The conversation takes place in an informal setting and covers a wide range of issuesfrom narrow-profile to common, performing not only a scientific, but also an educational function.Since 2010 within the frameworks of the "Synergy" project youth scientific and technical Internet conferences in mechatronics, robotics, automation and controls have been annually held.These events are organized by SevSTU and OmSTU with the active involvement of the other universities.Over the years of these conferences existence more than 200 scientific works of young scientists from the universities-members of the "Synergy" project has been published and indexed Russian Science Citation Index.The best works are selected and recommended for revision and publishing in prestigious scientific journals indexed Higher Certification Commission RF, Scopus and Web of Science.
In the sphere of the highest qualification specialists training within the framework of an interuniversity scientific council pre-defences of theses of academic degree candidates are regularly held.Perennial collaboration of the "Synergy" project universities have a positive impact on a development of bilateral relations between the universities, which number has significantly increasedup to now there are 13 universities, 4 of which are from foreign countries.Products of this collaboration are: two-degree graduation, exchange of students, outside lectures, lecturers and students trainees heap, consultations for academic degree candidates, review and opposition for dissertations.

Development of Internet technologies for distributed learning Conclusion
At the forefront of the network cooperation of the "Synergy" project members is the development and implementation into educational process of the real-time distant education technologies.The first experience of online lectures took place during modular specialised course for Master students.A successful conduction of these courses served as the basis for full-semester distant courses, provided by leading lecturers of the university on the terms of interchange.However, there were some educational, organizational and financial difficulties, that project participants were to face.
Courses of lectures that are held on different universities as a rule have different duration, amount of information and structure.Course content also depends on professionals views and scientific experience of a lecturer.There is a problem of a real-time objective and comprehensive rating of students knowledge.The last but not the least is a question of lecturers working hours and financial relations between the universities.These problems prompted in 2014 the project members to found an interuniversity teaching and methodological council of "Synergy" that aimed a number of objectives of coordination of educational activity and of development of new forms and methods of the network education.Its first result was development and implementation into an educational process of a new in its structure and realization "joint" course "Intellectual control systems" for the project members Master students.The main idea of the course is that it is aligned in a flexible modular-topical principle, and every module is assigned to each of the universitiesparticipants.
In the lent-term of 2015-2016 academic year, the course, consisted of 4 modules (each one of them consisted of 3 lectures or 6 academic hours), was lectured by teachers of "MPEI", KarSTU, OmSTU and Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, that entered the project in 2014.Along with the students of the presented universities the students of first Mater year of "VOENMEH" have attended these lectures.Universities, that have an access to this course, can include separate modules or the whole course into their educational programs, solving a problem of the lack of lecturers of high qualification.In a natural way, an experience of an older generation is transferred to the younger generation.A positive experience, obtained at the development and implementation of the first cooperative course, allowed to develop and implement into the fall semester 2016-2017 educational process one more joint course "Modern Control Theory", consisted of 5 modules by OmSTU, "VOENMEH", KarSTU, "MPEI" and SpbPU.This course was also attended by students of SevSTU, Novgorod State University and Ural Federal University.The particularity of engineering education lies in the fact that it requires not only theoretical, but also practical training using modern laboratory equipment.In present time such a practice is held by teachers of each university separately.However, the participants of the "Synergy" project have an experience of such laboratory works using the of the "FESTO" concern in the remote access mode.This experience can be used in further cooperative courses.

Conclusion
Finally, it is worth noting, that the new network education technology, designed and tested in a real teaching process, almost solves the problems, that occurs while using distant methods of education.With an access to other educational schools, traditions and intellectual resources of the leading Russian and foreign engineering universities, in this case, a direct contact between a student and a lecturer is kept, so the education is not only about giving knowledge.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Concern FESTO training stands In 2006 three universities, that had been the first to be equipped with FESTO training stands and to get actively functioning FESTO university canters: National Research University "MPEI", Baltic State Technical University "VOENMEH" named after D. F. Ustinov, Omsk State Technical University decided to unite their intellectual and material resources for training of highly qualified engineers using innovative methods of network education within the framework of the International University Network Project "Synergy".In 2007 Sevastopol National University (currently Sevastopol State Technical University) joined them, and in 2008 Karaganda State Technical University entered the project.From the first steps of the project implementation, the members tried innovative at that time method of laboratory works with remote access to the training stands along with the known forms of the network cooperation.It became possible due to presence of the FESTO unique training laboratory equipment in the universities by that time and provision the universities with the reliable dedicated channel of a quality Internet connection with the help of FESTO company.

Figure 2 .Figure 3 .
Figure 2. The FESTO concern owner doctor Stoll at the opening of the International scientific and educational canter BSTU-FESTO "Synergy"

Figure 5 .
Figure 5.A group of students in Vienna University of Technology within the framework of the international educational practice

Figure 12 .
Figure 12.One of the first online lectures of the "Synergy" project