Alternative sources for power supply of coastal objects

The article contains the analysis of alternative sources and the perspectives of application low-powered nuclear thermoelectric power stations for electromagnetic compatibility on distance oil and gas fields with mesh power networks from 6 to 35 kV.


Introduction
Expansion of production on oil and gas fields in Northern regions of the European and Asian parts of Russia, increase in the reconnoitred fields on the shelf of the Caspian Sea both in the Russian Federation, and in the Republic of Kazakhstan, induce the necessity of expansion of their power supply.The mesh power networks (further networks) from 6 to 35 kV of these objects in the greatest measure, in comparison with the networks of 110 kV feeding from remote electrical power systems (EPS) and above, are connected with features of technological processes and the nature of influence of the environment.In these networks levels of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of technical means for conductive electromagnetic hindrances (EMH) according to requirements of GOST 13109-97 have to be provided.It is necessary: for providing actions for protection of life and health of citizens, property of natural and legal entities, the state property, on environmental protection; for increase in technical and economic indicators of productions and quality of products which are turned out by them.

EMC problems
Suppression of the conductive EMH extending on networks is the constructive scientific direction of the solution EMC problem of technical means in regional EES.
However, the problem EMC caused by interaction of electromagnetic processes of production, transfer, distribution and electricity consumption by various receivers is rather many-sided and constantly develops therefore not all scientific tasks connected with features of electric networks and operating modes of the distorting loadings are solved.In particular, there are no recommendations about definition of rational places of disconnection of the closed networks from 6 to 35 kV at conductive EMH and to suppression of hindrances.The solution of similar tasks provides new knowledge to areas Ems of technical means and increase in efficiency of power supply of objects [1], remote from regional EES.
The above mentioned allows to consider the features of electro heat supply of the industry, household needs of the population of Siberia, the Far East and other remote areas including: • high requirements to uninterrupted operation of electro heat supply of consumers because of severe climatic conditions and the considerable extent of power lines; • big charges of production and social infrastructure.Power supply of the remote regions is an example of the fact that for increase in its quality it is expedient to use non-traditional power sources.However, continuous power supply of the enterprises and country people only from some renewable sources difficult because of an inconstancy of energy flows.It is necessary to mark at the same time efficiency of use of accumulators of energy.For example, from drives of energy the inductive are widespread electromechanical, molecular, and electrochemical.Due to the shortcomings of rechargeable batteries connected to small energetic parameters development and use of the close class of instruments in parameters extends the two-layer condensers, ultracondensers known according to the name as ionistors.Use of nanoporous carbon (decanter) in similar condensers and for manufacture of composition resistors [3] is perspective.Capacity of such condensers in several cells times more capacities of widespread condensers (tantalic, film, ceramic, electrolytic).Use assemblies of supercapacitor modules as main source of energy of mobile and stationary objects.Therefore it is more effective to use combined diagrams of electroheat supply, one of which is figured in a figure 1 [2, 3].water.It can give from 40 to 240 thousand tons of fresh water, per day.The established electric power of each reactor -35 MW, thermal power -140 Gcal/h.The useful life period of the station will make at least 36 years: three cycles for 12 years between which it is necessary to carry out an overload of active zones of reactor installations.A complex of atomic thermal power plant of low power (MM APEC) includes: the floating power unit (FPU) with two reactor KLT-40S installations, hydraulic engineering constructions, the coastal platform on which auxiliary buildings and constructions of the station (table 1) [4].Area of the coastal territory, ha 0,8-1,5 Area of the waters, ha 3-6 At design of floating nuclear power plant were considered seismic conditions of regions where such stations are supposed to be used.A big advantage of the floating NPP consists that it can be loaded with fuel at the plant and to tow off to the place of operation, having left for several years.When fuel is completely fulfilled, the station is just towed back on the plant for a recharge, and on its place put another.It is one of options of use of this technology.This method is much safer for ecology, than combustion of coal, fuel oil, oil or gas.RosEnergoAtom concern has estimated the cost of creation the floating atomic power unit "Academician Lomonosov" at 21.5 billion rubles.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.The combined electro heat supply of consumers

Table 1 .
Main characteristics of low power atomic thermal power plant